Материал: Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

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5.The Contracting Parties pledge themselves ___ cases

___ genocide to grant extradition ___ accordance ___ their laws and treaties ___ force.

6.The United Nations may take such action ___ the Charter ___ the United Nations as they consider appropriate ___

the prevention and suppression ___ Acts ___ genocide.

Exercise 26. Suggest the Russian equivalents.

ACT

barbarous act, legitimate act, act of discrimination, constituent act, act of accession, act of lawlessness and arbitrary rule, unfriendly act, act of capitulation, act of violence, unlawful act, act of good will, internationally injurious act, legal act, act of terrorism, legislative act, unilateral act, acts of genocide, final act, to issue (promulgate) an act, hostile act, act of (armed) aggression

Exercise 27. Answer these questions.

1.Is genocide a crime under international law when committed in time of peace or in time of war?

2.What kind of act is genocide?

3.What acts shall be punishable?

4.What legislation do the Contracting Parties undertake to enact?

5.Where and how shall persons charged with genocide be tried?

6.Are genocide and the other acts considered as political crimes for the purpose of extradition?

7.What competent organs may Contracting Parties call upon to take actions for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide?

Exercise 28. Translate these sentences.

1. Акт агрессии – наиболее опасный вид нарушения мира в международном праве, в каждом конкретном случае констатируется Советом Безопасности ООН.

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Агрессией является применение вооруженной силы государством против суверенитета, территориальной целостности или политической независимости другого государства.

2.Апелляционная коллегия Гаагского трибунала признала актом геноцида убийство 8 тысяч боснийских мусульман, имевшее целью их уничтожения как этнической группы.

3.В 1945 году нацистская Германия подписала акт о капитуляции.

4.Государство несет ответственность за неправомерные действия всех своих органов, а также физических лиц (собственных граждан и иностранцев), совершенные на его территории.

5.‘Меры по восстановлению отношений с Арменией являются актом доброй воли Турции, которая, тем не менее, хотела бы, чтобы армянские войска были выведены с территории Нагорного Карабаха,”-заявил премьер министр Турции.

6.Резолюция решительно осуждает акты беззакония

ипроизвола, допущенные в годы сталинской тирании в отношении балкарского народа, выразившихся в насильственном его переселении и лишении национальной государственности.

OVER TO YOU

Write a paragraph about genocide. Give the legal definition of this crime. What actions may the United Nations take under the Charter of the United Nations for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide? What the acts of genocide do you know? Were these acts punished?

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LESSON 7

Protocols

Starting up

Before you read, analyze the following quotation. What do you know about Kioto protocols?

“Kioto was a flawed process. There wasn’t one industrialized country around the world that has ratified that treaty, and so that is a non-starter”.

Andrew Card, born 1947, a Republican American politician.

Exercise 1. Read the following text.

In international law and international relations, a protocol is generally a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement. A protocol can amend the previous treaty, or add additional provisions. Parties to the earlier agreement are not required to adopt the protocol; sometimes this is made clearer by calling it an "optional protocol", especially where many parties to the first agreement do not support the protocol (e.g., the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established a framework for the development of binding greenhouse gas emission limits, while the Kyoto Protocol contained the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon).

Derived from the Latin protocollum, the word «protocol» has come to mean the form used in drawing up public documents, and in diplomacy the register in which the minutes of a conference are kept. It is also employed to signify the forms to be observed in the official correspondence of the minister for foreign affairs, and in the drafting of diplomatic documents, such as treaties, conventions, declarations, full powers, ratifications, letters of credence and other letters addressed by one head of state to another.

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Exercise 2. Complete these sentences.

1.In international law and international relations, a protocol is ________.

2.A protocol can amend _________ or ___________.

3.An optional protocol is adopted when ___________.

4.The word “protocol” is derived from ____________.

5.In diplomacy the term “protocol “is employed to ___.

Exercise 3. Suggest the Russian equivalents.

STATE

city state, police state, welfare state, heads of state, member states of the European Union, a signatory state, an aggressor state, a state party to the present convention, the contesting states, the contracting states, a depositary state, a founding state, a friendly state, a host state, a hostile state, an (in)dependent state, a neighbouring state, a neutral state, a (non) belligerent state, a (non ) nuclear state, an offending state, a participating state, a receiving state, a recipient state, a transgressing state, states with different social systems, a state visit, statehood, stateless person, the State of Israel

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

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Exercise 5. Do the two way translation of this text.

OPTIONAL PROTOCOL

to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights