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causa – причина, дело, основание, соображение.
causa credenti – намерение принять на себя обязательство в обмен на встречное обязательство другой стороны.
commune bonum – общее благо.
conditio sine qua non – необходимое условие. consensus – общее согласие.
consuetudine – обычай. corpus juris – свод законов.
cui prodest? – кому это выгодно?. curia – суд.
de facto – на деле, в действительности.
de jure – по праву, юридически действительный.
de lege ferenda – с точки зрения закона, издание которого желательно.
de lege lata – с точки зрения существующего закона. de rigore juris – по букве закона.
delictum – неправомерное действие.
dominium – господство, контроль, собственность. error juris – юридическая ошибка, незнание закона. error lapsus – ошибка из-за невнимания.
ex lege – в соответствии с правом, по закону. ex officio – в силу занимаемой должности. extra jus – за пределами права.
extra territorium – экстерриториально, вне территориальных границ.
fabula – соглашение, договор, контракт. facto – фактически.
fatum – непреодолимая сила. fidem – доверенность, доверие. forum – суд.
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fuori lege – вне закона.
gratis – бесплатно, безвозмездно. imperium – правление, власть, авторитет. in absentia – в отсутствие.
in casu consimili – в подобном деле.
in corpore – в полном составе, в существе, лично. in dubio – в сомнительном случае.
in jure – по праву, по закону. in nuce – кратко, в двух словах.
in pari passu – на равном основании. in posterum – в будущем.
in suspenso – приостановленный в действии. inter alia – среди других вещей или дел. inter partes – между сторонами.
ipso facto, ipso jure – в силу факта, по закону. jus belli – право войны.
jus civitatis – право гражданства. jus cogens – императивная норма. jus gentium – право народов.
jus inter gentes – международное право. jus navigandi – право судоходства.
jus scriptum – писанное право. lex communis – общее право.
lex contractus – договорное право.
lex fori – закон места судебного разбирательства. lex loci actus – закон места действия.
lex loci contractus – закон места заключения договора.
lex mercatoria – торговое право.
lex rei sitae – закон места нахождения предмета. mala fides – недобросовестность.
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modus operandi – способ действия. modus vivendi – образ жизни.
opini juris gentium – международные правовые воззрения.
pacta sunt servanda – договоры должны соблюдаться.
pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt – договоры не приносят выгоды и обязанностей для третьего государства.
par in parem non habet imperium – равный над равным власти не имеет.
pari passu – в равной мере.
persona non grata – нежелательное лицо. post-factum – последующий акт. post-hoc – после этого.
prima facie – на первый взгляд.
pro bono publico - для общего блага. quasi – как если бы, так сказать.
quid pro quo – удовлетворение по договору. res communes – общая собственность.
sic – так, итак, таким образом.
sine qua non – необходимое условие. status quo – устоявшееся положение. supra dictus – как сказано выше. ultima ratio – последний довод.
uti possidetis – «как ты владеешь», стороны могут сохранить за собой то, что они захватили.
hominum causa omne jus gentium constitum est –
все международное право создано для блага человека.
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Keys
Lesson 2. Exercise 17
1. the process of integration 2. convergence of the economies 3. humanist inheritance 4. inviolable and inalienable rights 5. attachment to principles 6. to implement a policy 7. to promote peace, security 8. to designate as plenipotentiaries.
Lesson 5. OVER TO YOU
Article 48
Error
1.A State may invoke an error in a treaty as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty if the error relates to a fact or situation which was assumed by that State to exist at the time when the treaty was concluded and formed an essential basis of its consent to be bound by the treaty.
2.Paragraph 1 shall not apply if the State in question contributed by its own conduct to the error or if the circumstances were such as to put that State on notice of a possible error.
3.An error relating only to the wording of the text of a treaty does not affect its validity; article 79 then applies.
Article 49
Fraud
If a State has been induced to conclude a treaty by the fraudulent conduct of another negotiating State, the State may invoke the fraud as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty.
Article 50
Corruption of a representative of a State.
If the expression of a State's consent to be bound by a treaty has been procured through the corruption of its representative directly or indirectly by another negotiating State, the State may invoke such corruption as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty.
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Article 51
Coercion of a representative of a State.
The expression of a State's consent to be bound by a treaty which has been procured by the coercion of its representative through acts or threats directed against him shall be without any legal effect.
Article 52
Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force.
A treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations.
Article 53
Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens).
A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of States as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same character.
Lesson 6. Exercise 12
1) Have all other EU members ratified the treaty?
No. The Czech Republic has yet to do so. The Czech lower house approved the treaty on 18 February and the upper house (Senate) did so on 6 May. But Czech President Vaclav Klaus, a Eurosceptic, has said he wanted his country to have an exemption from the Charter of Fundamental Rights before he would sign the treaty.
2) Was Ireland the only country to hold a referendum?
Yes. Ireland was obliged to hold a referendum because of an Irish Supreme Court ruling in 1987, saying that any major amendment to an EU treaty entails an amendment to the Irish constitution.