Материал: Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

Exercise 9. Translate these sentences.

1.Convinced that the existence of racial barriers is repugnant to the ideals of any human society.

2.Alarmed by manifestations of racial discrimination still in evidence in some areas of the world and by governmental policies based on racial superiority or hatred, such as policies of apartheid, segregation or separation.

3.Resolved to adopt all necessary measures for speedily eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms and manifestations, and to prevent and combat racist doctrines and practices in order to promote understanding between races and to build an international community free from all forms of racial segregation and racial discrimination.

4.Convinced that any doctrine of superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and that there is no justification for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere.

5.Determined to contribute to the development of their economic relations, the Sides agreed to take all necessary measures to ensure a further considerable growth of trade turnover.

Exercise 10. Translate into English.

1.Руководствуясь интересами укрепления мира и безопасности…

2.Выражая беспокойство продолжающейся гонкой вооружений…

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3.Будучи убежденными в необходимости всеобщего и полного разоружения…

4.Имея твердое намерение продолжать переговоры…

5.Движимые желанием развивать дружеские отношения и взаимовыгодное сотрудничество между странами…

6.Решив и дальше следовать общей внешней полити-

ке…

7.Будучи встревоженными напряженностью в реги-

оне…

8.Выражая решимость внести свой вклад в укрепление мира и безопасности…

Exercise 11. Complete the Preamble to this treaty.

TREATY of Friendship and Cooperation

between _______(name of country) and

_________(name of country)

The Republic of ________ and the Republic of______________,

Guided by ………

Proceeding from ……………..; Firmly believing ………………..; Firmly resolved …………………;

Striving …………………………..;

HAVE RESOLVED to conclude this Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation AND AGREED as follows:

Exercise 12. Read the information and suggest the answers to the questions.

The Lisbon Treaty finally came into effect in 2009, eight years after European leaders launched a process to make the EU "more democratic, more transparent and more efficient".

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Like the European constitution before it, the treaty is often described as an attempt to streamline EU institutions to make the enlarged bloc of 27 states function better. But opponents see it as part of a federalist agenda that threatens national sovereignty.

The constitution was thrown out by French and Dutch voters in 2005. The Lisbon Treaty, too, was rejected by Irish voters in June 2008. But it got overwhelming support in a second referendum in the Republic of Ireland on 2 October 2009. Under EU rules, the treaty must be ratified by all 27 member states before it comes into force. The last country yet to ratify it was the Czech Republic.

1.Have all other EU members ratified the treaty?

2.Was Ireland the only country to hold a referendum?

3.How similar is Lisbon to the draft constitution?

4.If it contains the same substance, why is the Lisbon Treaty not a constitution?

5.How long did it take to agree the treaty?

6.Why was the constitution dropped?

7.Does the Charter of Fundamental Rights feature in the new treaty?

8.Are any countries seeking opt-outs?

9.When did the new treaty kick in?

*13 ноября 2009 года документ был передан на хранение в МИД Италии, которая является странойдепозитарием договора

See the Appendix for full information.

OVER TO YOU

Write a paragraph about the Lisbon Treaty (initially known as the Reform Treaty). What treaties does it amend? What prominent changes about the European Union are included into the Lisbon Treaty?

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Exercise 13. Read the text of the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. Give the English equivalents for the words in brackets.

Article 1: The High Contracting Parties shall

(продолжать укрепление дружеских отношений, солидарности и взаимопомощи). They shall steadfastly develop political relations, (углублять всестороннее сотрудничество), and give each other all-out support based on (взаимоуважении к государственному суверенитету) and independence, equality and

(невмешательство во внутренние дела друг друга).

Article 2: The High Contracting Parties shall (объединить усилия) to strengthen and expand mutually advantageous economic, scientific and technical cooperation with the aim of steadily improving the material and cultural standards of the peoples of their countries…

Article 3: The High Contracting Parties shall (укреплять связи) in the spheres of culture, education, literature and the arts, public health, environmental protection, tourism, and in other fields...

Article 4: The High Contracting Parties shall contribute

(всеми возможными способами) to the defence of international peace and the security of nations, and shall support the just struggle for (искоренение расизма во всех его формах и проявлениях).

Article 5: (Высокие договаривающиеся стороны) shall consult each other on all important international issues affecting the interests of the two countries. In case one of the Parties becomes the object of attack or of a threat of attack, the High Contracting Parties shall immediately begin mutual consultations (с намерением) removing that threat and (принять соответствующие меры к обеспечению мира) and the security of their countries…

See the Appendix for the answers.

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Exercise 14. Study the text of the following treaty and be ready to answer the questions below the text.

The Treaty of

Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan

signed between the United States and Japan in Washington on January 19, 1960.

JAPAN and THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Desiring to strengthen the bonds of peace and friendship traditionally existing between them, and to uphold the principles of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law.

Desiring further to encourage closer economic cooperation between them and to promote conditions of economic stability and well-being in their countries.

Reaffirming their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments.

Recognizing that they have the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense as affirmed in the Charter of the United Nations.

Considering that they have a common concern in the maintenance of international peace and security in the Far East.

Having resolved to conclude a treaty of mutual cooperation and security.

Therefore agree as follows:

ARTICLE I: The Parties undertake, as set forth in the

Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international disputes in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of