Материал: 2699
Общий вопрос: Is there anything in the bag? Will there be lessons tomorrow? Специальный вопрос: What is there in the bag?
3. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
THE JOINT STOCK COMPANY
The most important form of business organization is the joint stock company. It consists of an association of people who contribute towards a joint stock of capital for the purpose of carrying on business with a view to profit. A company may be defined as a legal person created to engage in business, capable of owning productive assets, of entering into contracts, and employing labour in the same way as an individual.
There are two kinds of joint stock companies, the private company and the public company. In general, private companies are small firms, often consisting of the members of one family. The public companies are much larger units and account for about twothirds of all the capital employed by companies. Both public and private companies must have at least 2 members.
A private company must include the word «limited» or «ltd» in its name while a public company must have the words «public limited company» at the end of its name although this can be abbreviated to «plc».
The basic distinction between a private and a public company is that a public company can offer its shares and debentures for sale to general public. In the case of a private company it would be a criminal offence to ask the public to subscribe to its shares.
All companies must file annually details of their turnover, profits, assets, and other financial information about the structures and activities.
4. Укажите подлежащее, сказуемое и второстепенные члены в каждом предложении:
1. The most important form of business organization is the joint stock company.
3.It consists of an association of people.
4.They contribute towards a joint stock of capital for the purpose of carrying on business.
5.A company is defined as a legal person created to engage in business.
6.This company is capable of entering into contracts.
7.There are two kinds of joint stock companies.
8.Private companies are small firms, often consisting of the members of one family.
9.The public companies are much larger units.
10.Both public and private companies have at least 2 members. 11.A private company includes the word «limited» in its name.
12.A public company offers its shares and debentures for sale to general public. 13.All companies file their financial information about the structures and activities.
5. Опровергните высказывания:
1.We may define a company as a legal person.
2.A company can own productive assets and enter into contracts.
3.A company may employ labour in the same way as an individual.
5These companies must have at least 2 members.
4.A private company must include the word «limited».
5.A public company must have the words «public limited company» at the end of its name.
6.The words «public limited company» can be abbreviated to «plc».
7.A public company can offer its shares and debentures for sale to general public.
8.All companies must file annually details of their financial activity.
9.A private company must not ask the public to subscribe to its shares.
6. Составьте повествовательные предложения, используя слова из таблицы:
1) подлежащее |
2) сказуемое |
3) второстепенные |
|
|
члены предложения |
The joint stock company |
have |
the word "limited" in its |
A private company |
can offer |
name. |
Both companies |
is |
their financial information. |
A public company |
are |
as a legal person. |
All companies |
may be defined |
at least 2 members. |
Private company |
must file |
small firms. |
A company |
includes |
its shares for sale. |
|
|
the most important form of |
|
|
business organization. |
7. Напишите предложения в вопросительной форме (общий вопрос):
1.There is some lemonade for you.
2.There is a cheque on the desk.
3.There are some museums in the city.
4.There are some matches in the box.
5.There is a bar in this street.
6 There are a few questions to discuss now.
7.There is a nice place to visit in this country.
8.There are some traveller's cheques in the briefcase.
9.There is no river flowing through your town.
10.There are no questions to ask.
11.There is somebody here.
Рекомендуемая литература по теме (из списка): 1ОЛ (с.173-210), 1ДЛ (с.73-89), 3 ДЛ (с.67-80), 4 ДЛ (10-45), 7-9 ДЛ.
МОДУЛЬ 7
1. Выучите слова и словосочетания по теме:
in the black |
в черном списке (с |
in the red |
в красном |
списке |
|
прибылью) |
|
(с потерей) |
|
to float a loan |
ссудить заем |
guarantee of payment |
гарантия оплаты |
|
to use plastic |
пользоваться |
the bottom line |
практический |
|
|
кредиткой |
|
результат |
|
to turn a profit |
иметь прибыль |
interest rates |
проценты |
|
to go belly up |
обанкротиться |
purchase |
покупка |
|
a bull market |
рынок с повышенной |
to overcome difficult |
пережить |
трудные |
|
тенденцией |
times |
времена |
|
a bear market |
рынок с пониженной |
to break even |
быть |
|
|
тенденцией |
|
рентабельным |
|
2. Повторите основные типы вопросов в английском языке. Приведите примеры, используя выученную лексику.
1. Общий вопрос (general question) относится ко всему предложению в целом, и ответом на него будут слова yes или по:
Do you like ice-cream? – Yes, I do. Can you speak English? – Yes, I can. Have you bought a text book? – Yes, I have.
Порядок слов в общем вопросе:
1)вспомогательный (модальный, глагол-связка) глагол;
2)подлежащее (существительное или местоимение);
3)смысловой глагол (или дополнение).
Глагол to be может выполнять функции вспомогательного и смыслового глагола одновременно. Are you a schoolboy? – No, I am not.
Альтернативный вопрос (alternative question) начинается как общий вопрос, затем следует разделительный союз or и вторая часть вопроса. Альтернативный вопрос предполагает выбор из двух возможностей:
Do you like coffee or tea? — Вы любите кофе или чай?
2. Специальный вопрос (special question) относится к какому-нибудь члену предложения или их группе и требует конкретного ответа:
What is your name? – My name is Peter. Where do you live? – I live in Rostov.
Специальный вопрос всегда начинается со специального вопросительного слова:
who (кто) |
where (где) |
whom (кого) |
why (почему) |
what (что) |
how long (как долго) |
which (который) |
how many (сколько) |
whose (чей) |
how much (сколько) |
when (когда) |
how (как) |
Порядок слов в специальном вопросе:
1) вопросительное слово (what, where, who, when, how и т. д.);
2)вспомогательный (модальный, глагол-связка) глагол;
3)подлежащее;
4)смысловой глагол;
5)дополнения;
6)обстоятельства (места, времени, образа действия и т.д.).
Вспециальных вопросах, обращенных к подлежащему, в формах Present и Past Indefinite не употребляется вспомогательный глагол do (does, did) и сохраняется прямой порядок слов:
Who wants to go to the cinema? Whose pen is it? Who lives here?
Обратите внимание, что в специальных вопросах к подлежащему в форме Present Indefinite сказуемое согласуется с вопросительными словами what и who в 3-м лице ед. числа, если отсутствует упоминание о количестве действующих лиц:
The problems are very important. – What is very important?
3. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
STARTING A NEW BUSINESS
When you start a new business, you are often in the red at least for the first year, sometimes even years. If you are lucky and work hard, after a couple of years your company may break even, or even be in the black.
To turn a profit in a new venture, you often need someone to float you a loan, such as a rich uncle. When your company starts to show a strong bottom line, a bank might be willing to extend credit to you, especially if there is a bull market and business is strong.
In bear markets, especially if there is raising inflation, banks may be cautious about making long-term loans, since new business owners often go belly up in the first year
Of course, if you have a credit card with a high credit limit, you can always use plastic to help you overcome these difficult times. However, watch out: interest rates on credit card loans are typically very high.
Achieving wealth in some form, usually money, in addition to financials, some businesses need to collect that money after providing a service or selling a product.
Sometimes collecting is easy, as in a store, when the buyer pays at the time of purchase. In many businesses, however, collecting money is the hardest part of doing business because clients are given credit and are expected to pay later. Even if your customer has strong financials and strong credit, it is not a guarantee of payment.
4. Завершите предложения:
1.When you start..., you are often... .
2.If you are... and work..., your company may be... .
3.You often need someone to... you... .
4.A bank might be willing to extend... to you.
5.In... markets banks may be cautious about making... loans.
6.Sometimes... are given ...and are expected to pay later.
5. Согласитесь с утверждением или опровергните высказывание:
1.If you work hard, after a couple of years your company may break even.
2.To turn a profit in a new venture, you need a poor uncle.
3.New business owners often go belly up in the first year.
4.If you have a credit card with a high credit limit, you cannot use it.
5.Interest rates on credit card loans are typically very low.
6.The result of doing business is providing a service.
6. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:
1.When are you often in the red?
2.Why may your company break even?
3.What do you need to turn a profit?
4.What might a bank be willing to do if there is a bull market?
5.Why may banks be cautious?
6.What is the end result of doing business?
7.Выпишите из текста 5 простых предложений и задайте к каждому из них по два вопроса: общий и специальный.
8.Задайте специальный вопрос к каждому предложению:
1.Pete introduces Nick to David.
2.They shake hands and follow Nick to the car.
3.They see David and come up to him.
4.They look through the correspondence in the office.
8.He works as a manager.
9.Trade needs finance.
10.The Buyers always ask the Sellers to grant them a discount.
11.We discussed all these details.
12.English Immigration officers usually speak Russian.
14They have difficulty in answering questions.
15The steward says that flight is three hours long.
16.Next Friday David leaves Moscow for St-Petersburg.
17.The secretary answers the calls.
18.David promises to telephone to settle the problem.
19.They want to reduce the fee.
20.He never keeps his promise.
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