Материал: 2699

2. Повторите правила употребления вопросительных и неопределенных местоимений в английском языке. Приведите примеры, используя выученную лексику.

Вопросительные местоимения Эти местоимения употребляются в вопросительных предложениях.

What (что, какой, какая, какое, какие)

What is it? Что это такое? What book is it? Какая это книга?

Who (кто)

Who is this man? Кто этот человек?

Whose (чей)

Whose pencil is it? Чей это карандаш?

Which (который)

Which of these books is yours? Которая из этих книг твоя?

When (когда)

When does the lesson begin? Когда начинается урок?

Why (почему, зачем)

Why did you come here? Почему вы пришли сюда?

How (как)

How are you? Как поживаете?

How many (much) (сколько)

Вопросительное местоимение what относится к cловам, обозначающим вещи, предметы, явления. Вопросительное местоимение who относится к cловам, обозначающим людей. Однако, обратите внимание:

Who is he? Кто он? (как его зовут) Не is Mr Johnson. What is he? Кто он? (по профессии) Не is a broker.

Неопределенные местоимения some, any, отрицательное местоимение по и их производные

Употребление some и any, а также их производных определяется типом предложения. В утвердительном предложении употребляются, как правило, местоимение some и его производные:

Give me something to read, please. Дайте мне что-нибудь почитать, пожалуйста. I met him somewhere before. Я встречал его где-то раньше.

Ввопросительных и отрицательных предложениях обычно используются местоимение any и его производные:

Have you seen him anywhere? Вы видели его где-нибудь?

Is there anything I can do for you? Могу ли я что-нибудь для вас сделать?

Вотрицательных предложениях используется либо местоимение any и его производные:

I cannot find this book anywhere. Я не могу нигде найти эту книгу.

–либо отрицательное местоимение no:

There is nobody in that room. В той комнате никого нет.

There isn't anybody in that room. В той комнате никого нет.

Различия между местоимениями any и some – в степени неопределенности, поэтому иногда местоимение any можно встретить и в утвердительных предложениях:

You can find this book anywhere. Эту книгу вы можете найти где угодно.

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

MARKETING

Marketing is the performance of business activities connected with the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers. Marketing includes the following operations: transporting, storing, pricing, and selling goods. The most important thing in marketing is finding out who the customers are and what they want. Marketing is the process of having the right product at the right time in the right place, the process that brings mutual benefit to customers and vendors.

The term transporting means carrying goods from the place of their production to the place of their selling.

Storing is necessary because the consumer desires to buy goods without waiting. Pricing involves the art of determining what price is the best.

Selling involves helping consumers to discover their needs. Marketers should inform potential buyers of where they might buy the goods and how much the goods cost.

Marketing research is also very important. The following are the steps in marketing research: defining the problem, collecting data, compiling data and analyzing the results, advertising.

Marketing operations are very expensive and one should consider the value added through marketing. Marketing becomes too costly only when cost exceeds the value it adds.

4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужной форме:

1.(Market) is the performance of business activities (connect) with the flow of goods and services.

2.(Market) includes (transport, store, price, and sell) goods.

3.The most important thing in (market) is (find) the customers.

4.It is the process of (have) the right product at the right time in the right place.

5.(Transport) means (carry) goods from the place of their production to the place of their (sell).

6.(Store) is necessary because the consumer desires to buy goods without (wait).

7.(Price) involves the art of (determine) what price is the best.

8.(Sell) involves (help) consumers to discover their needs.

9.You cannot act successfully without (define) the problem, (collect) and (compile) data.

10. The other steps of your research are (analyze) the results and (advertise).

5. Составьте вопросы из предложенных слов:

1.(operations, what expensive, are)?

2.(is, what, marketing)?

3.(marketing, does, what, include)?

4.(want, do, the customers, what)?

5.(benefit, and vendor, mutual, what, to customers, bring)?

6.(is, the price, determined, how)?

7.(without waiting, who, to buy, desires, goods)?

8.(potential, who, buyers, inform, should)?

9.(are, research, the steps, what, in marketing)?

10.(goods, be bought, where, can)?

6. Укажите исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные, выберите нужное слово из предложенных в скобках:

1.There are very (much, many) people in the restaurant.

2.There isn’t (many, much) beer in the bottle.

3.Is there (much, many) coffee in the cup?

4.Give me (a few, a little) travellers' cheques.

5.There are (many, much) visitors in Moscow now.

6.(A few, a little) passengers are going to the Departure Control

7.He had (a little, a few) luggage with him.

8.Will you give me (a few, a little) wine, please?

9.There are very (few, little) restaurants in this street.

10.How (much, many) time have you got? I'll call you back in (a few, a little) minutes.

7. Изложите кратко содержание тем:

1)Marketing.

2)Marketing operations.

3)Marketing research.

Рекомендуемая литература по теме (из списка): 1.ОЛ (с.84-102), 1.ДЛ (с.33-41), 3. ДЛ (с.27-42), 4. ДЛ (10-45), 7-9 ДЛ.

МОДУЛЬ 4

1. Выучите слова и словосочетания по теме:

2. Повторите правила образования степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий в английском языке. Приведите примеры, используя выученную лексику.

Прилагательные обозначают признаки предметов и отвечают на вопрос какой?: а wide road – широкая дорога, а tall tree – высокое дерево, аn interesting book – интересная книга. Наречия отвечают на вопрос как?:

He speaks English well. – Он говорит по-английски хорошо. Прилагательные и наречия имеют три формы степеней сравнения:

положительную (positive degree), сравнительную (comparative degree), превосходную (superlative degree)

Формы сравнительной и превосходной степеней образуются двумя способами:

1.Односложные прилагательные образуют форму сравнительной степени при помощи суффикса -er, а форму превосходной степени – с определенным артиклем the при помощи суффикса -est: strong – stronger – the strongest, cold – colder – the coldest. Подобным образом образуют степени сравнения и некоторые двусложные прилагательные: easy – easier – the easiest, clever – cleverer – the cleverest.

2.Многосложные прилагательные образуют сравнительную степень при помощи слова more, а превосходную степень – при помощи the most: famous – more (less) famous – the most (least) famous, interesting - more interesting – the most interesting.

Исключения при образовании степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий:

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

THE SOLE PROPRIETOR

Different types of business organization may be classified under five headings: the sole proprietor, the partnership, the joint stock company, the co-operative society, and the public corporation.

The sole proprietor is the simplest and the oldest form of business enterprise and often referred to as the one-person business. A single person provides the capital, takes the decisions, and assumes the risks. He or she is solely responsible for the success or failure of the business and has the sole rights to such profits that may be made, or bears the sole responsibility for such losses that may accrue.

The strength of this type of firm lies in the direct personal interest of the proprietor in the efficiency of his enterprise. Ownership and control are vested in one person who enjoys all the fruits of success and has a great incentive to run the firm efficiently? This type of organization is expected to be extremely flexible and capable of quick and easy adjustment to changes in market conditions.

The great disadvantage of the sole proprietor lies in the fact that the owner is personally liable for the debts incurred by his firm and his liability is unlimited. All his personal possessions are at risk and may be seized to meet creditor's demands. Another, disadvantage of this type of firm is the strict limitation of its ability to acquire capital of expansion. Finance is restricted to the amounts which the entrepreneur is able to provide from his own resources and whatever sums he can borrow on his own security.

We find the one-person business prevalent in farming, forestry, retailing, building, and repair work.

4.Найдите в тексте прилагательные и наречия и образуйте с ними три степени сравнения.

5.Выберите из глаголов, данных в скобках, правильный вариант:

1.The sole proprietor (is, are) the simplest and the oldest form of business.

2.She (is, are) solely responsible for the success of the business.

3.Ownership and control (is, are) vested in one person.

4.This type of organization (is, are) expected to be extremely flexible.

5.The owners (is, are) liable for the debts of the firm.

6.His liability (is, are) unlimited.

7.All his personal possessions (is, are) at risk.

8.Another disadvantage (is, are) the limitation of its ability to acquire capital of expansion.

9.Finance (is, are) restricted to the definite amounts.

10.The entrepreneurs (is, are) able to provide finance from their own resources.

11. The one-person business (is, are) prevalent in farming and forestry.

6. Замените выделенные слова соответствующими местоимениями:

1. The sole proprietor is often referred to as the oneperson business. 2. She is solely responsible for the failure of the business.