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Intention + behind \ by \ in

PHRASES

good/the best intentions

have every/no intention of doing sth make your intention clear

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите то, что

поможет вам построить описание знакомого или воображаемого человека с точки зрения его намерений:

The council has announced its intention to crack downИon parking offences. I went to the bank with the intention of getting some traveller's cheques. The general intention behind the project is a good one.

The intention by the local authority to build 2,000 new houses is unrealistic. His intention in inviting us to dinner was to persuade us to back his project. It was done with the best intentions, I assure you

We have every intention of winning the next election. He didn't make his intentions clear in his letter.

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3. Прочитайте, переведите текст и постройте опорную схему, отображающую содержание текста. Разверните полученную схему в текст.

Intention is a mental state that represents a commitment to carrying out an action or actions in the future. Intention involves mental activities such as planning and forethought.

Folk psychology explains human behavior on the basis of mental states, Сincluding beliefs, desires, and intentions. Mental mechanisms, including intention, explain behavior in those individuals is seen as actors who have desires and who attempt to achieve goals that are directed by beliefs. Thus, an intentional action is a function to accomplish a desired goal and is based on the belief that the course of

action will satisfy a desire.

и self or the actor.бIt is thought that pointing, especially declarative pointing (i.e.

Gestures and object-directed intentions. Gestures are often recognized as a tool

indicative of higher social reasoning. In order to engage in or understand a gesture, an individual has to recognize it as an indicator of an object or event separate from the

pointing intended to direct and share intention rather than request an object), reveals the understanding of others as attention and intentional agents. This understanding is indicated by object-directed reactions to pointing (rather than focusing on the hand). Pointing is also thought to denote perspective-taking ability and understanding

Embodiment perspective.АThe embodiment hypothesis holds that cognition arises out of an individual's physical interactions with the environment. In this way, environment and behavior are an integralДpart of cognition and what psychologists conceive of as ‘mental representations’ are indistinguishable from perception and action. The ontogenetic development of social cognition may be thought of as intertwined with the development pointing actions. According to this perspective, gestures are not just indicators of development but play a key role in how children

of intention, as the individual must be able to understand that the actor is attending to the object and, perhaps most importantly, that the actor is attempting to communicate information regarding the referent.

come to develop advanced social cognition, including understanding of objectdirected relations and human intention. In particular, engaging in physical actions oneself may provide insight into the structure of another's actions (eventually leading to a more nuanced understanding of another's mind).

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important step toward language in that participation in these social interactions are internalized and become an understanding of the psychological functions of others. Thus, pointing is an example of the internalization process that occurs over a long series of developmental events. These gestures help children to gain an understanding of triadic interactions, as the gestures go from being simply about the objects to being

It was originally suspected that such foundational cognitive skills leading to advanced social understanding lie in the human ability to understand another's intention. Humans seem to have an affinity for figuring out what others are perceiving, intending, desiring, believing, etc. For example, the use of symbols requires the ability to understand another's action and attention on an entity in the

world.иHowever, understanding intentions is unlikely to be a species-specific

ability.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intention - cite_note-Tomasello2005-30

According to a social-cultural perspective, it is not the actions of pointing themselves, butбthe tendency to engage in cooperative actions (as indicated by elements such as shared intentionality and declarative pointing) that determines the advanced social-cognitive status of normally developing humans. These cooperative actions reveal an understanding of intention and may be for the sole purpose of interacting or cooperating rather than achieving an end.

Both the embodiment and social cultural perspectives share the principle that gestures are not just indicators of development, but play an important role in how children come to understand object-directed relations and human intention.

полезные для описания личности словосочетания:

Feeling as sth that you feel/sense/believe

strong \ definite, distinct \ nagging, sneaking/sneaky, vague \ glorious, good, great, marvellous, warm, wonderful \ horrible, nasty, queasy, sick, sinking, terrible, tight, uncomfortable, uneasy \ guilty \ curious, eerie, odd, peculiar, strange \ gut, instinctive \ general, popular, public + feeling

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feel, get, have \ give sb, leave sb with \ know (informal) \ arouse, evoke, inspire

+ feeling

Feeling + come over sb \ be mutual Feeling + about \ of \ on

Feeling as emotion

deep, intense, strong \ ambivalent, mixed positive, warm \ hostile, negative \

Feeling as anger bad, ill + feeling

cause, create, lead to \ stir up + feeling

Feeling + against \ between И

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите то, что поможет вам построить описание знакомого или воображаемого человека с точки зрения его чувств и эмоций:

I had a nagging feeling that I had forgotten something. It was a good feeling to be arriving home again.

He suddenly had a terrible sinking feeling in the pit of his stomach. I've got a tight feeling in my stomach.

My gut feeling was that we couldn't trust her.

The general feeling of the meeting was against the decision. He felt a wonderful warm feeling come over him.

Do you get the feeling that we're not welcome here? She was left with the feeling that he did not care.

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‘I really resent the way he treated me.’ ‘I know the feeling (= I know how you feel).’

… a case that has aroused strong public feeling

‘I'm going to miss you.’ ‘The feeling's mutual (= I feel exactly the same).’ I don't have any strong feelings about it one way or the other.

… a feeling of excitement

What are your feelings on this issue? СI had mixed feelings about meeting them again.

releasing her pent-up feelings

She experienced a whole range of feelings. He still harbored feelings of resentment.

иShe was lucky that she had suffered no more than hurt feelings. He finds it difficult to express his feelings.

I finally gave vent to my feelings and started yelling at him. …discussing his innermost feelings with me

…trying toбhide her true feelings

He was determined to banish all feelings of guilt. I'm sorry if I've hurt your feelings.

We didn't tell Jane because we wanted to spare her feelings. The debate aroused strong feelings on both sides.

It was the practical aspectАof life that heightened her feelings of loneliness and

loss.

Although she did not reciprocate his feelings, she did not discourage him. Personal feelings don't come into it? We have to do what's right.

Feelings were running high (= people were very angry or excited) as the meeting continued. Д

It makes no difference to my feelings for you. … his feelings of grief

…her feelings of anger towards him

Someone's got to lose. No hard feelings, Dave, eh?

He had developed a feeling for when not to disturbИher. She spoke with feeling about the plight of the homeless. She has a wonderful feeling for color.

You have no feeling for the sufferings of others. She still had a lot of feeling for David.

Their aim was to stir up feeling against the war.

There was a lot of bad feeling between the two groups of students.

3. Найдите основания для классификации чувств и представьте опорную схему «Виды чувств и эмоций».

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