Материал: 1764

…the emotions that we experience as children

И

He felt no emotion as she left.

Her voice was choked with emotion.

4. Прочитайте, переведите

текст

и постройте

опорную

схему,

отображающую содержание текста. Разверните полученную схему в текст.

Emotion is a mental

state variously

associated with

thoughts,

feelings,

behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is currently no

scientific consensus on

a

definition.

Emotion

is

often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, motivation.

С

In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting

primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but

mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For

example, the realization of our believing that we are in a dangerous situation and the

subsequentиarousal of our body's nervous system (rapid heartbeat and breathing,

sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of our feeling afraid. Other

theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.

discrete,

measurable,

and

physiologically distinct. His research findings

led

him

to

classify

six

emotions

as

basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em

otion - cite_note-Handel-38 Later

in his career,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion

- cite_note-

emotions.

In addition

to

the

original six, these studies provided

evidence

for amusement, awe, contentment, desire, embarrassment, pain, relief,

and sympathy in both

facial and vocal expressions. They also found

evidence

for boredom, confusion, interest, pride,

and shame facial expressions,

as

well

as contempt, interest, relief, and triumph vocal expressions.

С

Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but

developed the "wheel of emotions", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a

positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust;

and surprise versus anticipation. Some basic emotions can be modified to form

complexиemotions. The complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or

association

combined

with

the

basic

emotions. Alternatively, similar to

the

way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum

of human emotional experience. For example, interpersonal anger and disgust could

blend to form contempt. Relationships

exist between basic emotions, resulting in

б

positive or negative influences.

5. Прочтите, найдите в словаре транскрипцию:

1.

passionately

Д

А

2.

unrequited

3.

compelled

И

4.

jealousy

5.

beget

6.

aversion

6. Переведите. Найдите антонимы в словаре:

1.

behavioral

2.

subsequent

3.

arousal

4.

sweating

5.

precede

6.

consciously

7.

discrete

8.

disgust

9.

amusement

10. awe

11. embarrassment

12.

relief

7.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1.

What is emotion?

2.

Is emotion separate from cognition?

С

3.

What is consciously experiencing an emotion?

4.

How are established content states?

5.

How many emotions were classified by Paul Ekman?

6.

What are they?

и

7.

Who extended the list of universal emotions?

8.

Did the find evidence for boredom, confusion, interest?

9.

Who developed the “wheel of emotions”?

10. On what principle is based his suggestion?

б

abominable – отвратительный [əˈbɒmɪnəbl̩]

agitated – взволнованный [ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd]

angry, cross – сердитый [ˈæŋɡri, krɒs]

Д

angst – ridden – испуганный [æŋst ˈrɪdn̩]

appalled – напуганныйА, потрясенный [əˈpɔːld]

astonished – изумленный [əˈstɒnɪʃt]

И

awed – трепещущий [ɔːd]

awful, terrible – ужасный [ˈɔːfl̩,ˈterəbl̩]

bad – плохой [bæd]

beautiful, lovely – красивый [ˈbjuːtəfl̩,ˈlʌvli]

bored – скучающий [bɔːd]

boring – надоедливый [ˈbɔːrɪŋ]

cheerful – веселый [ˈtʃɪəfəl]

cheery, mirthful – радостный [ˈtʃɪəri, ˈmɜːθfəl]

contented – довольный [kənˈtentɪd]

dangerous – опасный [ˈdeɪndʒərəs]