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7. Прочитайте текст и выполните данные после него задания:

Secrets of the Brain: the Mystery of Memory

(1) Even though science continues to give us ever increasing insights into what memory is much of it remains a mystery. Researchers consider memory a process, and when you remember you are actually reconstructing the event from bits of information stored in various parts of the brain. But the mystery is what initiates the

Сreconstruction? Is it, as some suggest, directed from outside the physical body, from the energy body? That remains to be seen.

(2) The Location of Memory. In the past, it was thought that all memory was in the brain. However, Gazzaniga (1988) reports that memory occurs throughout the nervous system. So every thought you have is “felt” throughout your entire body because the receptors for the chemicals in your brain are found on the surfaces of cells throughout your body. Thus when the chemicals are activated in the brain, the message is communicated to every part of your body that allows cells to

the brain’s region critical to learning and memory. One really good way to burn off excess stress hormones isАthrough exercise. So for those experiencing particularly high stress levels exercise is not only beneficial, it is necessary.

(4) What are the Characteristics of Memory? Sensory – we remember things that involve our five senses. So, the more senses that get activate, the easier it will be to recall.

Intensity – when something is moreДintensely funny, sexual, absurd, etc. it tends to stand out in our memories.

Outstanding – things that are dull and unoriginal are more difficult to remember because there is nothing to distinguish them from all the other memories.

Emotional – when something happens that has high emotional content – positive

or negative – we tend to remember it more easily. И Survival – anything we perceive as important to survival we will remember

more easily. It’s not just physical survival. Survival can include emotional survival, psychological survival and financial survival.

Personal importance – we naturally remember things that interest us and that have some personal importance.

Repetition – the more often we recall information, the better we get at recalling on demand.

First and last – the brain most easily recalls things from the beginning and the ending of any session or lecture.

(5) What are the Keys to Memory? Pay attention – often times the biggest problem is that people’s minds are not focused in the moment. Instead, they are thinking about something in the past of future.

Visualization – create a visual in your mind because the brain thinks in pictures and concepts, not paragraphs.

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Association – find something to connect the information to…similar to word association. Ask, “What does this remind me of?”

Imagination – get creative when visualizing or making associations.

(6) Why do we forget? It could be that we never stored the information properly in the first place. It could be because there was not enough emotion or personal importance connected to the information to make it stick. It could be that it was so emotionally traumatic that the mind suppressed it in order to maintain normalcy.

СWhy do we remember negative events? Whenever emotions are activated, especially strong emotions, the information or experience is entrenched into memory. Often times we tend to dwell on it, thereby rehearsing it and entrenching it even further. It is also easier to recall negative memories when we are in a bad mood.

и mind with the subconscious,бthe conscious would measure about one foot long and

Why? Because we remember things in the state that we learned them so whenever you are feeling angry you will more easily recall other situations in which you were angry.

The subconscious remembers everything. If we were to compare the conscious

the subconscious would be the length of a football field. The potential is enormous. So everything we experience can be stored. However, the conscious mind would get overloaded trying to process all the incoming bits of data on a daily basis. Instead, all the information goes into the subconscious for storage and we may never deal with it,

except if the mind chooses to process it at night through dreams. Or, if we go for clinical hypnosis, through which a therapist assists in accessing information or memories the conscious mind has “forgotten” or repressed.

Продолжите предложениеА: According to the passage, memory is…

A. a process of remembering important information.

B. a process of reconstructing the event from bits of information stored in various parts of the brain.

C. a process of focusing on an object while thinking.

D. a process of creating visuals in our mind. И

Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.

A. Memory occurs throughout the nervous system. B. Overeating destroys memory.

C. Boring things are difficult to remember.

D. Everything we experience is hardly to be stored.

Ответьте на вопрос.

What are the keys to memory?

Укажите, в какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) содержится ответ на вопрос.

Why is it easier to recall negative memories when we are in a bad mood?

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Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) соответствует следующая идея.

The potential of the subconscious is limitless.

Определите, является ли утверждение: «The more we repeat, the better we memorize» ложным / в тексте нет информации / истинным

8. Изучите данное видео https://youtu.be/yOgAbKJGrTA. Расскажите,

какая новая информация (по сравнению с предыдущей), в нем представлена. Включ те новую информацию в построенную вами схему

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите то, что поможет вам построить описание знакомого или воображаемого человека с точки зрения его опыта:

She didn't get paid much but it was all good experience. Both candidates for the presidency were short of relevant experience. Rolls Royce's unrivalled experience in high technology manufacturing

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Do you have any previous experience of this type of work?

the importance of hands-on experience as well as academic training She wanted to broaden her experience in international affairs.

She has considerable professional experience of translation.

The veteran goalkeeper will bring a wealth of experience to the team.

We're in for a difficult couple of weeks, if past experience is anything to go by. Experience is subjective and very hard to measure.

СI love reading: I have an insatiable appetite for vicarious experience. his peers, with whom he shares the common experience of being black in a white society

It is a matter of common experience that disorder will increase if things are иleft to themselves.

Choose illustrative examples from the children's everyday experience. There are few areas of human experience that have not been written about. In her book, she draws on her first-hand experience of mental illness.

We all learnбby experience.

The book is based on personal experience. Experience has taught me that life can be very unfair.

We know from experience that hot objects are painful to touch. In my experience, very few people really understand the problem. He has direct experienceАof poverty.

3. Постройте и разверните в текст опорную схему «Источники нашего опыта».

4. Прочитайте, переведите текст и постройте опорную схему, отображающую содержание текста. Разверните полученную схему в текст.

sports and recreational drug-use also tend to stress the importance of experience.

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Types of experience. The word "experience" may refer, somewhat ambiguously,

unconsciousиcognitive processes. The term can refer, by implication, to a thought process. Mental experience and its relation to the physical brain form an area of philosophical debate: some identity theorists originally argued that the identity of brain and mental states held only for a few sensations. Most theorists, however, generalized the view to cover all mental experience.

One’s growing up and living within a society can foster the development and observation of social experience.

Social experience provides individuals with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own societies, as a society itself is formed through a

experience of any given situation in such a way as to render it subjective.

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