Материал: 1493

Задание 9. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 10. Сопоставьте толкование с переводом, дополните, где необходимо, недостающую информацию. Дайте толкования понятиям пеногипс и газогипс. Используйте следующие выражения:

сульфат кальция – calcium sulphate

осадочная горная порода – sedimentary rock

эстрихгипс – flooring plaster

для получения серной кислоты – in order to product sulphuric acid твердеет в воздушно-сухих условиях – consolidates in air-dry conditions утепление – heat insulation, warmth-keeping, winterization

продукт обжига – firing product

порошок тонкого помола – fine grinding powder

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Задание 11. Прочитайте текст. На основе всей полученной информации о понятии гипс составьте учебный текст на английском языке.

Gypcrete

Gypcrete is a mixture of gypsum plaster and fibreglass rovings. Although plaster and fibres fiborous plaster have been used for many years, especially for ceilings, it was not until the early 1990s that serious studies of the strength and qualities of a walling system Rapidwall, using a mixture of gypsum plaster and 300mm plus fibreglass rovings, were investigated. It was discovered, through testing at the University of Adelaide, that these walls had significant, load bearing, shear and lateral resistance together with earthquake-resistance, fire-resistance, and thermal properties. With an abundance of gypsum (naturally occurring and by-product

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chemical FGD and phospho gypsums) available worldwide, gypcrete-based building products, which are fully recyclable, offer significant environmental benefits.

Задание 12. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 13. Сопоставьте толкование понятия с переводом. Дайте толкование понятию глиняный раствор. Используйте следующие выражения:

глинистые минералы – clay materials

пластичность – ductility, plasticity

замешивание – mixing вязкое тесто – viscosity

при высыхании сохраняет приданную форму – drying keeps attached form

огнеупор – refractory material

как адсорбенты as adsorbents

при кладке печей, каминов, очагов и дымовых труб – stove, fireplace, furnace and chimney bond

Задание 14. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Оформите полученную информацию в виде опорной схемы.

Clay

Clay based buildings usually come in two distinct types. One being solid monolithic structural walls such as Rammed earth, sod, and cob. The other being walls built by stacking building blocks or bricks by forming the clay mixture into individual units which are then dried or fired, examples include compressed earth blocks and masonry brickwork.

Other uses of clay in building is combined with straws to create light clay insulation and plasters.

The amount of and type of each material in the mixture used leads to different styles of buildings. The deciding factor is usually connected with the quality of the soil being used. Larger amounts of clay are usually employed in the cob/adobe style, while low clay soil is usually associated with sod building. The other main ingredients include more or less sand/gravel and straw/grasses. Rammed earth is both an old and newer take on creating walls, once made by compacting clay soils between planks by hand; nowadays forms and mechanical pneumatic compressors are used.

Soil, and especially clay, provides good thermal mass; it is very good at keeping temperatures at a constant level. Homes built with earth tend to be naturally cool in the summer heat and warm in cold weather. Clay holds heat or cold, releasing it over a period of time like stone. Earthen walls change temperature slowly, so artificially raising or lowering the temperature can use more resources than in say a wood built house, but the heat/coolness stays longer.

Задание 15. Прочитайте и переведите данные ниже предложения. На основе всех сведений, полученных об обозначенном понятии, составьте учебный текст на английском языке.

Clay is one of the oldest building materials on Earth, among other ancient, naturally-occurring geologic materials such as stone and organic materials like wood.

The production of ceramic goods is based on the property of clay when mixed with water to form putty, from which various articles can easily be moulded.

Historical and modern uses.

Clay layers in a construction site. Dry clay is normally much more stable than sand with regard to excavations.

Clays exhibit plasticity when mixed with water in certain proportions. When dry, clay becomes firm and when fired in a kiln, permanent physical and chemical changes occur. These reactions, among other changes, cause the clay to be converted into a ceramic material. Because of these properties, clay is used for making pottery items, both utilitarian and decorative, and construction products, such as bricks, wall and floor tiles. Different types of clay, when used with different minerals and firing conditions, are used to produce earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Prehistoric humans discovered the useful properties of clay. Some of the earliest pottery shards recovered are from central Honshu, Japan. They are associated with the Jomon culture and the deposits from which they were recovered have been radiocarbon

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dated to around 14000 BC. Depending on the content of the soil, clay can appear in various colors, from a dull gray to a deep orange-red.

Clay tablets were used as the first known writing medium, inscribed with cuneiform script through the use of a blunt reed called a stylus. Purpose-made clay balls were also used as sling ammunition.

Clays sintered in fire were the first form of ceramic. Bricks, cooking pots, art objects, dishware, and even musical instruments such as the ocarina can all be shaped from clay before being fired. Clay is also used in many industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, and chemical filtering. Clay is also often used in the manufacture of pipes for smoking tobacco. Until the late 20th century bentonite clay was widely used as a mold binder in the manufacture of sand castings.

Clay, being relatively impermeable to water, is also used where natural seals are needed, such as in the cores of dams, or as a barrier in landfills against toxic seepage (lining the landfill, preferably in combination with geotextiles).

Задание 16. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 17. На основе информации, данной в переводе, и текста, представленного после таблицы, дайте развернутое толкование понятия. Используйте следующие выражения:

продукт обжига известняков – limestone firing product

по условиям твердения – according to conditions of hardening по внешнему виду – according to external appearance известковое тесто – lime paste, lime putty

обожжённые мергелистые известняки – firing marly limestones

глинистые примеси – argillaceous admixtures

Definition Translation

Известь – продукт обжига известняков, мела и других горных пород. Строительная известь по условиям твердения подразделяется на воздушную и гидравлическую. Воздушная известь по внешнему виду делится на негашёную комовую, негашёную молотую (гидратная пушонка) и известковое тесто. Гидравлическая известь – это обожжённые мергелистые известняки, содержащие 6-25% глинистых примесей

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