Материал: 1493

квасцы – alum

при застывании – when congealing (setting, solidifying)

Задание 6. Из данных ниже слов постройте опорные схемы, в которых представленные понятия связаны по типу «работа – рабочий – инструмент

– материал (виды материала) – результат работы» либо в той логике, которую увидите вы. Недостающие компоненты схем дополните, используя словарь.

Штукатурка

plaster, bonding plaster, facing plaster штукатур – fixer, plasterer, stuccoer

штукатурить – parget, plaster, render, (снаружи) stucco штукатурная известь – building lime, finish lime штукатурная кисть – mason's whitewashing brush

штукатурная лопатка – trowel

штукатурная работа – plasterwork, stuccowork

штукатурные работы – plastering

штукатурный гипс – boiled plaster of Paris, plaster of Paris, gypsum wall plaster

штукатурный мастерок-терка – margin trowel

штукатурный раствор (для обрызга и грунта) – staff, wet plaster mix

сухая штукатурка – board lath, rock lath, plaster board, wall board

звукопоглощающая штукатурка – acoustical plaster наружная штукатурка – stucco

штукатурно-затирочная машина – plaster-floating and trowelling machine

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Задание 7. Прочитайте и переведите данные ниже предложения. На основе всех сведений, полученных об обозначенном понятии, составьте учебный текст на английском языке.

Lime is a calcium oxide. It is used in great quantities for mortar and plaster.

Until this time the requirement for lime was largely agricultural and it was produced by farmers or by small builders who used it for making mortar and plaster.

Модуль 5. ПРИРОДНЫЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Задание 1. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 2. Сопоставьте толкование понятия и перевод. Дополните информацию, где необходимо. Используйте следующие выражения:

гипсовое вяжущее – gypsum matrix осадочная горная порода – sedimentary rock

отделочный стройматериал – decoration materials

поделочный камень – semi-precious stone

Задание 3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Организуйте представленную в нем информацию в опорную схему. Перескажите текст, опираясь на полученную вами схему.

Anhydrite

Anhydrite is most frequently found in evaporite deposits with gypsum; it was, for instance, first discovered, in 1794, in a salt mine near Hall in Tirol. In this occurrence, depth is critical since nearer the surface anhydrite has been altered to gypsum by absorption of circulating ground water.

From an aqueous solution calcium sulfate is deposited as crystals of gypsum, but when the solution contains an excess of sodium or potassium chloride, anhydrite is deposited if temperature is above 40 °C. This is one of the several methods by which the mineral has been prepared artificially, and is identical with its mode of origin in nature, the mineral is common in salt basins.

Massive amounts of anhydrite occur when salt domes form a caprock. Anhydrite is 1–3% of the salt in salt domes and is generally left as a cap at the top of the salt when the halite is removed by pore waters. The typical cap rock is a salt, topped by a layer of anhydrite, topped by patches of gypsum, topped by a layer of calcite. Interaction with oil can reduce SO4 creating calcite, water, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

The name anhydrite was given by A. G. Werner in 1804, because of the absence of water of crystallization, as contrasted with the presence of water in gypsum. Some obsolete names for the species are muriacite and karstenite; the former, an earlier name, being given under the impression that the substance was a chloride (muriate). A peculiar variety occurring as contorted concretionary masses is known as tripestone, and a scaly granular variety, from Volpino, near Bergamo, in Lombardy, as vulpinite; the latter is cut and polished for ornamental purposes.

Задание 4. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 5. Сопоставьте толкование понятия асбест с переводом. Дополните толкование понятия пеноасбест. Используйте следующие слова и выражения:

класс силикатов – silicate grade

легко расщепляющиеся – lightly decomposed прочные волокна – tough fibres

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асбоцементный лист – asbestos-cement sheet

трубы – tubes

особолегкий минеральный материал – extra-light mineral material распушенный асбест – flaked asbestos

техническая пена – engineering foam химический реагент – chemical reactant

Задание 6. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Схематично представьте его содержание.

Asbestos

Asbestos is one of the strangest of all the naturally occurring fibers. It is a rock, which has been subjected to unusual treatment during its formation.

Asbestos is the only mineral substance used as a textile fiber in the form it is obtained from natural sources. There are many varieties of asbestos rocks but only chrysotile is widely used for textile products. Chrysotile is mined in many countries of the world. The soft, long, white fibers of this mineral can be spun into yarn by the usual processes. Pure asbestos being very difficult to spin, a proportion of cotton fiber is usually added to help to bind the asbestos fibers together. The strangest characteristic of asbestos fibers is their resistance to heat and burning. This property determines the ways in which they are used.

Early uses for asbestos included such articles as handkerchiefs and table coverings. The Chinese used asbestos to make false sleeves, which could be cleaned by putting them in the fire. All the dirt was burned off, leaving the asbestos clean. We know commercial development of the fiber to have started in the 19th century. Asbestos was used in flameproof clothing of many kinds, for laboratory, industrial and military purposes.

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Fabrics made of asbestos have good strength. Today the main applications are those in which non-inflammability is essential such as conveyor belting for hot materials, industrial packings, fireproof clothing, etc. Asbestos is sometimes used with glass fiber in making decorative fabrics for curtains used in hospitals, theatres and other buildings where the public assembles. Some grades of asbestos are used for electrical windings and insulation.

Задание 7. Прочитайте и переведите данные ниже предложения. На основе всех сведений, полученных об обозначенном понятии, составьте учебный текст на английском языке.

Carpenter is a man who erects wood frames, fits joints, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames, asbestos sheeting and other wall-board.

Asbestos mining began more than 4,000 years ago, but did not start large-scale until the end of the 19th century.

Asbestos has been known and used as a textile since the earliest times.

The first written evidence of asbestos was recorded by Pliny in the first century A. D.

It is told that one of the Emperors of Rome delighted guests by throwing a tablecloth made of asbestos into fire and then removing it unchanged from the flame. A few centuries later Marco Polo told his friends in Italy about a substance he observed in Siberia. He told that it could be woven into attractive textiles, which did not burn even in direct flame.

Задание 8. Сопоставьте толкование понятия с переводом. Дополните информацию, где необходимо. Используйте следующие выражения:

тектоническое происхождение – tectonic origin сцементированные обломки – concrete bound fragments хорошо поддается обработке – well kind

мраморные отходы – marble wastage полимерная основа – polymeric basis настилка полов – flooring общественные здания – public buildings