Материал: 1317

Exercise 34. Составьте разделительные и специальные вопросы.

Example: They will have completed the project by the end of the month, won’t they? What will they have completed by the end of the month?

1. He’ll have finished this report by the end of the day. 2. Robots will have replaced people for many boring jobs. 3. At the end of next year, the Johnsons will have owned this shop for five years. 4. In a weeks’ time, she won’t have typed your documents. 5. Next July 10th, Mary’s parents will have been married for thirty years.

The Future Indefinite in the Past

В английском языке есть особые формы для выражения действий, которые представляются будущими с точки зрения прошлого. Они называются формами the Future in the Past и образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола would, иногда should с соответствующим инфинитивом (без to):

will / shall work – the Future Indefinite;

would / should work – the Future Indefinite in the Past; will / shall be working – the Future Continuous;

would / should be working – the Future Continuous in the Past; will / shall have worked – the Future Perfect;

would / should have worked – the Future Perfect in the Past.

Все три формы будущего в прошедшем употребляются в тех же значениях, как и обычные формы будущего времени, с той только разницей, что действие в этом случае представляется будущим не с момента речи в настоящем,

а с какого-нибудь момента в прошлом. Грамматическое значение английских глаголов в формах будущее в прошедшем в русском языке передают глаголами в будущем времени:

The Future in the Past Tense употребляется для выражения будущих действий, о которых шла речь в прошедшем

Exercise 35. Поставьте глаголы в нужную временную форму.

1.I (to work) as an engineer next year.

2.They (to reach) the top of the mountain tomorrow.

3.Tomorrow I (not to go) to academy because it (to be) Sunday.

4.Tom and George (to fly) to Rome next month.

5.She (to write) the letter tomorrow.

6.They (to come) very soon.

7.Tomorrow it (to snow) heavily.

Exercise 36. Поставьте глаголы в нужную временную форму. Сделайте перевод.

1.I (to watch) this film the day after tomorrow.

2.Do you think he (to reach) the house when we arrive?

3.By the end of the next week he (to leave) hospital.

4.Next weekend I (to go) to visit a friend of mine in the country.

5.At 5 o’clock they (to discuss) an important question.

6.He (to leave) in a half of an hour.

7.We (to have) a walk after it stops raining.

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Future Perfect (will/shall have been) и причастия I смыслового глагола:

(+)I (we) will/shall have been writing.

He (she, it, you, they) will have been writing

(?)Will/Shall I (we) have been writing?

Will he (she, it, you, they) have been writing?

Употребление и перевод Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое, начавшись в будущем, будет продолжаться в течение некоторого периода времени до наступления другого, более позднего будущего действия или момента:

the next spring. изучаете английский язык.

В повседневной речи Future Perfect Continuous употребляется редко и обычно заменяется Future Perfect или

Future Indefinite.

Exercise 37. Поставьте глаголы в Future Perfect Continuous и составьте к предложениям 5 типов вопросов. Дайте ответы.

1.Next January Mr. Walker (to work) for the company for forty years.

2.On June 14th they (to live) in this house for fifteen years.

3.At ten o’clock I (to drive) for sixteen hours.

4.By 2015, we (to learn) English for about twenty years.

5.By the end of this year he (to shoot) films for thirty years.

6.By this time next week, I (to work) on this book for a year.

7.By the end of the month he (to study) here for three years.

8.We (to live) here for five years in September.

Exercise 38. Выберите сказуемое в нужном времени.

1. Who do you think (is winning / will win) the next election? 2. – Where are you going with that ladder? – (I’ll repair / I’m going to repair) the roof. 3. She (will have / is having) lunch with David at 12.30 on Thursday. 4. Perhaps Vanessa (will become / is becoming) a professional pianist. 5. I feel a bit thirsty. I think I (will be having / will have) something to drink. 6. They (are getting married / will get married) on Sunday at the local registry office. 7. Look out! The glass (falls / is going to fall) off the table. 8. (Do you use / Will you be using) your camera at the weekend? Mine is out of order. 9. Next week my mother (is going to be / will be) 45 years old. 10. – Is that your new stereo? – Yes, but it doesn’t work. I (am taking / am going to take) it back to the shop. 11. Your plane (leaves / is leaving) London at 8.30. 12. I wonder where we (will be living / are going to live) in twenty years from now? 13. A trip on a Eurostar train to Paris (will cost / is costing) 80 pounds. I know it from a friend of mine. 14. By the year 2050, computers (will replace / will have replaced) teachers. 15. – They say it’s going to snow today. – Really? I (am going to wear / will wear) my fur coat then. 16. Don’t worry! I (will post / post) your letter on the way to work. 17. Never share a secret with Helen. She (will tell / is going to tell) it everybody. 18. This time next week we (are going to fly / will be flying) over the Atlantic. 19. – What are your plans for today? – (Will we go / Have we to go) to a disco?

– Sounds great! 20. By the end of the month my elder brother (will have climbed / will have been climbing) mountains for ten years.

Exercise 39. Поставьте глаголы в нужную временную форму.

1.They know that he (to succeed) in passing his exam.

2.I (to stay) there for a week.

3.I (to be) ready in a minute.

4.He (to have) the necessary information tomorrow.

5.We (not to see) him till Monday.

6.(to be) here on Sunday?

7.Next year we (to have) English lessons twice a week.

Exercise 40. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму.

1.The boy (to remember) this day all his life.

2.Perhaps they (to buy) a new house this year.

3.He (to be) fourteen next year.

4.Do you think it (to rain)?

5.Everybody thinks they (not to get) married.

6.Dad (present) Mag a personal computer, ____ he?

7.I (not to do) it before dinner.

Exercise 41. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму. Выполните перевод.

1.It’s late. I think I (to take) a taxi.

2.I (to answer) the question?

3.We don’t know their address. What (to do) we?

4.Our test (not to take) long.

5.I’m afraid they (not to wait) for us.

6.Diana (to come) to the party tomorrow?

7.You (to arrive) in Paris tomorrow evening.

Present Perfect

Рассмотрите такую ситуацию:

Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. (has lost – это и есть Present Perfect). Вот как это время образуется:

Вспомогательные глаголы have / has + V3 (3-я форма глагола), т.е. если глагол правильный (finish, work), то просто добавляем к нему окончание -(e)d. Если же он неправильный (lose, do), то нужно смотреть таблицу неправильных глаголов Past Participle.

Используется Present Perfect, когда действие произошло в прошлом, но нас интересует не само действие, а его результат в настоящем. Всегда должна быть какая-нибудь связь с настоящим, например:

– "Where's your key?" – "I don't know. I've lost it." (У меня его нет)

He told me his name but I've forgotten it. (Я не могу сейчас вспомнить)

– "Is Sally here?" – "No, she’s gone out." (Сейчас она вышла)

I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (Ты не знаешь, где она сейчас?)

Часто Present Perfect используется, когда нужно рассказать о событии, которое произошло совсем недавно и,

опять же, когда нас интересует результат, а не время, в котором действие имело место:

Ow! I've cut my finger. (Не важно, где и когда, важно, что сейчас имею результат – порезанный палец)

The road is closed. There's been (= there has been) an accident.

The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

Present Perfect очень часто используется с такими обстоятельствами, как just, already, yet:

Just – только что; недавно, короткое время тому назад:

"Would you like something to eat?" – "No, thanks. I've just had lunch." Hello. Have you just arrived?

Already – уже; раньше, чем ожидалось:

"Don't forget to post the letter, will you?" – "I've already posted it." "What time is Mark leaving?" – "He's already gone."

Yet – ещё, до сих пор (используется только в вопросах и отрицаниях):