2) worn out |
b) eyes |
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3) given |
c) test |
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4) locked |
d) people |
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5) written |
e) child |
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6) made-up |
f) house |
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7) educated |
g) clothes |
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8) published |
h) jeans |
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9) broken |
i) hair |
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10) haunted |
j) information |
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11) torn |
k) articles |
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12) dyed |
1) marriage |
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Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в форму Participle I или Participle II.
1. |
(grow) interest |
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12. |
a (complicate) explanation |
2. |
an (excite) child |
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13. |
a (terrify) experiment |
3. |
(worry) problem |
14. |
(well-pay) job |
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4. |
a (pass) bus |
15. |
a (burn) barn |
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5. |
an (excite) story |
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16. |
a (steal) car |
6. |
(fly) fish |
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17. |
(run) water |
7. |
a (freeze) lake |
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18. |
(blind) light |
8. |
a (break) heart |
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19. |
a (die) soldier |
9. |
a (cheer) crowd |
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20. |
a (swim) lesson |
10.a (destroy) church |
21. long (play) records |
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11.the (follow) chapter |
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Exercise 4. Выберите между Participle I и Participle II.
1. I must have the mixer (fixing / fixed). 2. I don’t find this story (amusing / amused). 3. My room is a mess. I really must get it (tidying / tidied) up. 4. I would stay at home after such a (tiring / tired) day. 5. Uncle Frank has a gentle old horse
(naming / named) Pete on his farm. 6. Can you smell something (burning / burned)? 7. He opened the letter with (shaking / shaken) fingers. 8. She had rather a (pleasing / pleased) look on her face. 9. Deeply (shocking / shocked) I left them. 10. When
(answering / answered) your question yesterday I forgot this fact. 11. He walked along the road with his collar (turning / turned) up, hands in pockets. 12. I didn’t enjoy the party because I was (boring / bored) there. 13. Why not throw away the
(breaking / broken) umbrella we are not likely to repair it. 14. She didn’t pay any attention to the (ringing / rung) telephone. 15. Don’t you think your hair needs (cutting / cut)? 16. Can you think of the name of an animal (beginning / begun) with “B”?
Exercise 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите форму и функцию причастий.
1. Smiling girls are nice. 2. Bought in a good shop, the jacket was nice. 3. Being in the room, I could listen to the discussion. 4. We could see a broken cup on the table. 5. If corrected the information may be of some interest. 6. The girl sitting at the table is my cousin. 7. Taking part in the competition, I shall be able to win the prize. 8. I like boiled potatoes. 9. They had conflicting reports. 10. Playing football, I broke my leg.
Exercise 6. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите форму и функцию причастий.
1. The work will be good, if done properly. 2. I made acquaintance with her dancing in the hall. 3. We saw a house built two hundred years ago. 4. All the students taking part in the competition were from our academy. 5. A present is dearer if given in time. 6. Going along the street, I met my friend. 7. I like the dancing girl. 8. The book bought for me by my friend was not interesting. 9. Doing the work, I got tired. 10. The invited boys were too noisy.
Exercise 7. Перестройте предложения согласно образцу. Выполните перевод.
Example: I finished the dusting, and then I sat down and listened to some music. – Having finished the dusting, I sat down and listened to some music.
1. I did all the homework, and then I went out for a walk with my friends. 2. Joan locked all the doors, and then she went to bed. 3. He had a shower, and then he had a light breakfast. 4. My father broke all this bad news, and then he sank down to his chair and put his face on his arms. 5. She made a decision to break off with Greg, and then she felt better. 6. They passed all their exams, and then they arranged a party.
Exercise 8. Перестройте предложения согласно образцу.
Example: I felt ill at ease because I didn't know the answer.
–Not knowing the answer, I felt ill at ease.
1.I returned the book to the library because I had finished it. 2. Because he was a language student, he was naturally interested in linguistics. 3. As I don't like classical music, I didn't go to the concert. 4. Because he is a child of a very prominent businessman, he is too arrogant and selfish. 5. Because they had gone to bed so late the night before, they felt quite tired the next day. 6. As he knew that he wouldn't be able to buy food on his journey, he took large supplies with him.
Exercise 9. Эта история содержит причастия и причастные обороты. Поставьте глаголы в Present Participle или
Perfect Participle.
Example: (lock) the garage, he went into the house, (turn) on the lights as he opened the door. – Having locked the garage, he went into the house, turning on the lights as he opened the door.
1 (eat) a good breakfast, Mr. Black left the house, 2 (say) good-bye to his wife and 3 (remind) her that he would come home late. 4 (walk) along the road, he ran into his neighbour, Mr. Lloyds, also 5 (go) to the station. 6 (greet) him in a friendly fashion, Mr. Black remarked that the weather was marvellous, but Mr. Lloyds, 7 (not sleep) well and 8 (feel) bad-tempered, answered angrily that it was too hot. Mr. Black 9 (enjoy) his energetic walk and 10 (be) in a merry mood, suggested that his companion should take off his warm overcoat. 11 (frown), Mr. Lloyds replied that, 12 (put) on his overcoat and 13 (fear) that it would rain by evening, he preferred wearing it to carrying it. 14 (consider) himself offended, Mr. Black continued his walk in silence, 15 (observe) to himself that what Mr. Lloyds needed was a good breakfast.
Exercise 10. Перестройте предложения, используя причастный оборот. Обратите внимание на одновременность действий или их несовпадение.
Examples: a) Jane woke up. She was feeling terrible. –
Jane woke up feeling terrible.
b) I finished the dusting, and then I sat down and listened to some music. – Having finished the dusting, I sat down and listened to some music.
1. I did all the homework, and then I went out for a walk with my friends. 2. Mark arrived at the examination hall. He was feeling very nervous. 3. She sat at her desk. She was trying to finish her essay for Professor Adams. 4. Joan locked all the doors, and then she went to bed. 5. He had a shower, and then he had a light breakfast. 6. Julia relaxed. She was reading the morning paper. 7. They walked down the street. They were talking. 8. The man drove along. He was listening to his car radio. 9. He sat back in the armchair. He was smoking a cigarette.
UNIT 17
Герундий
Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, обладающая признаками, как глагола, так и существительного.
Подобной формы в русском языке нет.
Как и глагол, герундий имеет формы времени и залога (см. табл. 11). Он может определяться наречием.
Как и существительное, герундий может выполнять в предложении функцию подлежащего, дополнения и определяться притяжательным или указательным местоимением. В сочетании с предлогом of герундий может выполнять функцию определения.
Таблица 11
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Формы герундия |
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Непереходные |
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глаголы |
Переходные глаголы |
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Формы герундия |
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Действительный |
Действительный |
Страдательный |
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залог |
залог |
залог |
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Indefinite |
coming |
asking |
being asked |
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Perfect |
having come |
having asked |
having been asked |
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Как видно из табл. 11, формы герундия совпадают с формами причастия настоящего времени и перфектного причастия. Indefinite Gerund выражает действие, одновременное с действием глагола-сказуемого:
He was fond of reading when he was a child.
He went out without saying a word.
I couldn’t help laughing when I saw her in that strange dress.
После глаголов to remember, to forget, to excuse, to forgive, to thank, а также с предлогами after on (upon)
неопределенный герундий имеет значение Perfect Gerund. Перфектный герундий выражает действие, которое предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым:
Thank you for coming. (= for having come)
I don’t remeber seeing him before. (= having seen)
On entering the room, we found it empty.
Passive Gerund (Indefinite и Perfect) обозначает действие, производимое над лицом или предметом:
I insist on being told everything.
He was proud of having been elected monitor.
На русский язык герундий переводится отглагольным существительным, неопределенной формой глагола,
деепричастием, глаголом в личной форме или придаточным предложением:
Students often have considerable difficulties in understanding the difference between the Present Perfect and the Past Indefinite. – У студентов часто возникают трудности в усвоении различий между настоящим совершенным временем и прошедшим неопределенным.
В предложении герундий может употребляться в следующих функциях:
1. Подлежащего:
Your coming now and saying "I'm her father" doesn't change my feellings. – To, что вы пришли сейчас и говорите: «Я – ее отец», – не меняет моих чувств.
Walking always gives one an appetite.
Герундий-подлежащее часто вводится местоимением it:
It’s been wonderful seeing you. It’s been a pleasure meeting you.
В разговорной речи употребительны конструкции: It’s no use (good) + герундий-подлежащее: It’s no use waiting any more.
2. Именной части сказуемого:
Seeing is believing. – Увидеть – значит поверить.
3. Дополнения:
a) прямого к глаголам to avoid, to enjoy, to finish, to give up, to go on, to keep (on), can’t help, to mind (в
вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях), to mention, to put off, can’t stand, to stop, to want (нуждаться): Did you enjoy going to the museum? Avoid making such mistakes!
Would you mind coming earlier next time? You must go on working.
My elder brother gave up smoking a year ago. My shoes want repairing.
b) предложного (чаще всего с предлогами of, for, by) к глаголам to think of, to complain of, to dream of, to begin by, to finish by, to end by, to mean by, to thank smb. for, to go in for, to excuse smb. for, to prepare for, to use smth. for, to help smb. in, to fail in, to succeed in, to look forward to, to save smb. from, to keep smb. from, to stop smb. from, to insist on, to look like, to feel like:
He succeeded in solving the problem. Excuse me for giving so much trouble.
He dreams of becoming a student. She goes in for skating.
c) предложного (чаще всего с предлогами of, for, at) к причастиям и прилагательным, обычно после глагола to be (fond of, proud of, sure of, tired of, ashamed of, afraid of, good at, bad at, clever at, pleased at, surprised at, ready for, sorry for, grateful for, famous for, good for, right in, used to):
Nick is very good at painting.
Let’s have a walk. I’m tired of sitting.
She is fond of dancing. I’m sorry for being late.
В разговорной речи предложный герундий с предлогом about часто употребляется в вопросах типа What / How
about + Gerund (А как насчет того, чтобы … / А что если …):
What about going to the concert? How about having some tea?
d) беспредложного к прилагательным busy и worth (while):
The book is worth reading. Jane was busy laying the table.
Is the film worth seeing?
4. Постпозитивного предложного определения чаще всего с предлогами of, in, for и др.:
The difficulties of rebuilding the plant were successfully overcome.
I don’t see any use in going there. It was a fine day for fishing.
Неопределенный герундий, как и существительное, может употребляться в качестве препозитивного определения к другому существительному. Такие сочетания близки к сложным словам и трудно отличимы от них, например:
A swimming race – соревнование по плаванию;
A walking-stick (сложное слово) – трость;
Travelling expenses – путевые расходы;
Writing-paper – писчая бумага;
A washing-machine (сложное слово) – стиральная машина.
5. Обстоятельства:
а) времени с предлогами on, before, after, in:
After passing the final exams the students had a party.
Think before answering. On seeing me he stopped.
b) образа действия обычно с предлогами without, in, by:
The students listened without saying a word.
By doing that you’ll save a lot of time.
После таких глаголов, как to like, to begin, to continue, to forget, to hate, to intend, to love, to learn, to need, to mean