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6."I must go home to make the dinner," she said.

7."I see Liz quite often," he said.

8."I've been with the company for most of my life," she said.

Exercise 2. Составьте косвенный вопрос.

Example: Where is Richard? (I want to know …) – I want to know where

Richard is.

1. Where can I buy some clothes? (I want to know …) 2. "Would you like to see my holiday photographs?" she asked. 3. What time is it? (I would like to know …) 4. How much sugar do you put in your tea? (Nelly asks Mary …) 5. "Would you like another piece of cake?" my mother asked Mrs Black. 6. Where did I put my scarf yesterday? (I do not remember …) 7. What does that mean? (I would like to know …) 8. "Would you like to stay with us?" Mrs Steadman asked me. 9. "Will you come to my party on Saturday?" James was interested.

Exercise 3. Перестройте предложения в косвенную речь. Начинайте каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках (работа в группах по два/три).

Example: – “I am going to the theatre with my boyfriend”. (She says)

–What does she say?

–She says she is going to the theatre with her boyfriend.

1.“We are going to the cinema with our group-mates.” (They say)

2.“I will be ready in a few minutes.” (Ann says)

3.“My friend has not finished her homework yet.” (Bobby tells me)

4.“I have written letters to several of my cousins.” (She tells me)

5.“I have seen this film.” (Mary says)

6."Finish the job tonight, please." (The boss told me)

7."Don't use the telephone after eleven o'clock." (The landlord told us)

8."Don't spend too much money on your holiday." (Jack told his wife)

9."Run!" (The general ordered the soldiers)

10."Don't touch that switch." (The electrician warned us)

Exercise 4. Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи.

Example: We may travel abroad. – What did they say? – They said … –

They said (that) they might travel abroad.

1.I may not retire. – What did he say? – He said …

2.It will rain tomorrow. – What did she tell you? – She told me …

3.The children can come with us. – What did he say? – He said …

4.Mary may be right. – What does she tell you? – She tells me …

5.We will come late tomorrow. – What did they tell you? – They told me...

Exercise 5. Составьте косвенные вопросы согласно примеру:

Example: “Shall I invite your girlfriend to the party?” my sister asked. – My sister asked if / whether she should invite my girlfriend to the party. My sister wanted to know whether to invite my girlfriend to the party.

1.“Shall I heat the food for you?” my mother asked.

2.“Shall I leave a message for him?” the secretary was interested.

3.“Shall I make you some coffee?” he asked.

4.“Shall I drive you home?” Sally's husband wanted to know.

5.“Shall we help you with the exam?” my group-mates wondered.

6.“Shall he apologize for his being late?” inquired our monitor.

Exercise 6. Переведите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

1.“Don’t close the window!” says Jack.

2.Mary said to the waiter: “Please, give me the bill”.

3.“Eat more vegetables,” said the doctor.

4.“Can you open your mouth,” said the doctor.

5.“Leave the territory,” ordered the officer.

Exercise 7. Употребите глагол to say или to tell в нужном времени. Сделайте перевод.

1.Peter … that he understood my explanation.

2.Nick … Sam that he had seen Mary.

3.Pam … her mother that she had torn her new dress.

4.She … that she had to visit her old school-friend.

5.Please … me about the book which you borrowed yesterday.

Exercise 8. Перестройте разделительные вопросы в косвенную речь.

1."They’re on holiday, aren’t they?" He didn't know ___.

2."You’ll manage, won’t you?" He asked ___.

3."I’ve lost a lot of weight, haven’t I?" Kelly was interested ___.

4."We can’t go tomorrow, can we?" They wanted to know ___.

5."Someone broke that vase, didn't they?" Mrs Smith asked ___.

6."Ron had already opened the letter, hadn’t he?" Jim wondered ___.

Exercise 9. Трансформируйте предложения в косвенную речь.

1.“I really will phone in the evening”, he said.

2.“Where have I left my money?” he wondered.

3.“Do you like the film?” she asked.

4.“I went to the seaside”, the boy tells me.

5.“The Sun is bigger than the Earth”, the teacher says.

6.“What is your favourite book?” my friend interested.

7.“They will do it”, he promised me.

8.“Do you like green tea?” she asked.

Exercise 10. Переcтройте предложения в прямую речь.

1. Her parents asked her why she did not go out. 2. I told the waiter to bring caviar. 3. The owner inquired whether he might seat two men at their table. 4. Nina asked if I’d watch her two children all day while she went off to shop in the city. 5. His mother told him that Ann had seen him at the party and had fallen in love with him. 6. Our professor said that in Britain the most important for everyday business were the clearing banks, often called High Street banks. 7. He added that the biggest were the National Westminster, Barclay, Lloyd’s and the Midland.

UNIT 15

Инфинитив

Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая выражает действие, но без указания на число, лицо,

наклонение.

В русском языке инфинитиву соответствует неопределенная форма глагола. Инфинитив имеет признаки существительного и глагола.

Как и существительное, инфинитив может выполнять в предложениях те же функции, что и существительное, т.е.

функцию подлежащего, дополнения, обстоятельства, именной части составного именного сказуемого:

Как и глагол, инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога (см. табл. 9.). Он может определяться наречием, а в предложении инфинитив может входить в состав сказуемого (простого, составного глагольного или составного именного, являясь его смысловой частью):

Our observatory could still be used for training purposes, but the research had to move into the space. – Нашу обсерваторию (все) еще можно было использовать для тренировочных целей, но исследование нужно было выносить в открытое пространство.

Таблица 9

Формы инфинитива

Не wanted to get there early, but he failed. – Он хотел рано попасть туда, но это ему не удалось.

Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to. Однако частица to перед инфинитивом в некоторых случаях опускается.

Чаще всего инфинитив употребляется без частицы to в следующих случаях:

1. После модальных глаголов:

Не саn speak English. – Он умеет говорить по-английски.

2. В обороте «Сложное дополнение» после глаголов to let, to make, to feel, to hear, to see, to notice, to watch:

I'll make him tell me the truth. – Я заставлю его сказать мне правду.

3. Если в предложении стоят два инфинитива, соединенные союзом and или or, частица to обычно опускается перед вторым из них:

Не promised to telephone or write. –

Он обещал позвонить по телефону или написать.

Функции инфинитива в предложении

Инфинитив в предложении может употребляться в следующих функциях: 1) подлежащего: То see means to believe. –

Увидеть – значит поверить.

2) части сказуемого: То know everything is to know nothing. –

Знать все – значит, ничего не знать.

Здесь инфинитив – именная часть сказуемого.

3)прямого дополнения: I asked him to give me the magazine. –

Япопросил его дать мне журнал.

4)определения (часто в функции определения инфинитив переводится на русский язык определительным придаточным предложением):

Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. –

У природы много секретов, которые еще предстоит раскрыть.

5) обстоятельства:

His mind was too much upset to put the same thoughts in another words. – Он был слишком расстроен, чтобы изложить те же самые мысли другими словами.

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски инфинитивами данных глаголов.

Example: She can't afford to go on holiday abroad this year.

You promised not to tell anyone.

1.Mr Jones is getting old. He tends ___ things.

2.I pretended ___ Linda when I passed her in the street.

3.The beautiful stranger refused ___ Bob her name.

4.She decided ___ at home last night.

5.Prices tend ___.

6.I was rather hard up so my parents agreed ___ me some money.

7.We arranged ___ at 7 o'clock. And Mike promised ___ late.

8.Mary was so angry that she demanded ___ the manager.

Exercise 2. Соедините пары предложений, используя инфинитив. Выполните перевод.

Example: She crossed the road. I saw her. – I saw her cross the road.

1. They left at 10 o'clock. I heard them. 2. My neighbour saw a burglar. He broke into my house. 3. A pavement artist drew a portrait of a little girl. I watched him. 4. Chuck looked at another student's paper during the exam. The teacher noticed him. 5. There was an earthquake in my hometown last month. The ground shook. I felt it. 6. Peter's plane was delayed. Other planes landed and took off. He watched them.

Exercise 3. Используйте инфинитив после let, make, have.

1. I'm your friend. Any time, any place, anywhere just let me (to know) and I'll be there. 2. "I will not have students (to draw) on the walls of this school," the headmaster said. 3. My mother made me (to tidy up) the room. 4. That's not what I meant to say. How can I make you (to understand)? 5. My parents don’t let me (to stay) out late. 6. “Who made you (to cry)?”

Exercise 4. Перепишите предложения, используя инфинитив и слова в скобках. Выполните перевод.

Example: I go to the beach every weekend because I like swimming, (in order) – I go to the beach every weekend in order to swim / because I like to swim.

1. He stopped at the service station because he wanted to have the tank filled, (in order) 2. She went to bed early because she wanted to be ready to leave at 6 o'clock next morning, (in order) 3. I settled down in the country because I wanted to have trees around me instead of buildings, (so as) 4. Everybody was pushing because they wanted to get to the front of the queue, (in order) 5. They went on foot because they didn't want to take a taxi, (in order not) 6. Pam bought a new suit because she wanted to wear it at the office party, (in order to) 7. We spoke quietly because we didn't want to wake up the children, (so as not).