Материал: Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

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new and new fields of interaction between the states, and the legal regulation becomes more intensive penetrating into the depth of such interaction. The development rates of international law grow constantly that becomes an exclusively complicated multi-sectoral system.

The formation of new branches is a significant line in the development of international law, they include: law of international security, international criminal law, etc. The existence of said branches is a characteristic feature of the law of international community. It is typical the circumstance that the concept of common heritage is aimed at the ensuring the interests of not only present, but future generations. A quite difficult task that international criminal law faces, is the necessity to meet the framework for settlement of international and non-international conflicts using the means that would not only promote the major aim of such settlement, but they should not violate these rights when they are applied. In the course of humanitarian actions that are one of the forms for combating terrorism and transnational crime today, from our viewpoint, rules and principles of international law should be necessary in principal in terms of the compliance with human rights, and these rules should be operative with respect to a wider and wider circle of international legal relations. The second problem immediately connected with the operation of rules and principles of international law is globalization. And as a result poverty, hunger, illiteracy that embraces lessdeveloped countries of the world.

According to its Statute approved at the Rome Diplomatic Conference of plenipotentiaries under the aegis of the United Nations Organizations on 17 July 1998 and established on a permanent basis for handling the gravest international crime the International Criminal Court may put an end to impunity. The International Criminal Court should act relying on the principles and rules of international law recognized by the world community. The jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court that has competence over the gravest international

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crimes does not include such crimes as international terrorism and illegal narcotic drug trafficking.

Today terrorist organizations have grown out of the borders of the states, an international terrorist community is being formed. Crime uses largely the opportunities granted by the present-day community, its political and legal system, science, technology that hampers essentially a fight against it by an individual state. Terrorist organizations have their structural units nearly in each state, especially in Islamic countries, they help each other materially, and also in setting up of various training camps where they train terrorists. Terrorist organizations often take an active part in illegal drug trafficking worldwide. Narcotic drugs are an integral part in the upbringing of suicide terrorists whose victims are not only military, but civilians, society and the state. The process of uniting the international community for putting into practice of necessary measures for liquidation of criminal organization.

Exercise 3. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.

Международное сотрудничество, борьба с международной преступностью, международные отношения, усиливающийся процесс глобализации, катастрофы, вызванные действиями человека, опасность для человечества, под эгидой ООН, средства для борьбы с международным терроризмом, осуществлять международное вторжение без согласия правительства, содействовать, существенные направления, расширение сферы действий, сферы взаимодействия между государствами, проникать, гарантировать интересы следующих поколений, столкнуться с трудной задачей, урегулирование конфликтов, нарушать права, применять, в соответствии с правами человека, на постоянной основе, иметь дело с самыми серьезными международными преступлениями, положить конец безнаказанности, мировое сообщество, затруднять борьбу.

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Exercise 4. Cover the text above and fill in the correct prepositions.

1.International crimes make one of the most serious dangers ___ the mankind today.

2.Military intervention can be carried ___ in the territory of an individual state without consent of its top administration.

3.The legal regulation becomes more intensive penetrating ____ the depth of interaction between states.

4.The concept of common heritage is aimed ___ the ensuring the interests of future generations.

5.Principles of international law should be necessary

___ terms of the compliance ___ human rights, and these rules should be operative with respect ___ a wider and wider circle of international legal relations.

6.According ___ its Statute, the International Criminal Court should act relying ___ the principles and rules of international law recognized by the world community. The International Criminal Court has competence ____ the gravest international crimes.

7.Today terrorist organizations have grown ___ of the borders of the states.

Exercise 5. Do you agree with these statements?

Give your reasons.

1.Globalization promotes significant trends of the development of international law.

2.Globalization increases competition among companies.

3.Globalization creates cross-cultural problems.

4.Globalization lowers people’s living standards.

5.Globalization increases the power of governments.

6.Globalization could lead to big employment problems in the West.

7.Globalization brings many problems such as international terrorism and organized crime; poverty, hunger, illiteracy; ecological danger, catastrophes.

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8.Globalization prevents governments from controlling their welfare systems.

9.Globalization units the international community.

OVER TO YOU

Are you for or against globalization? Write a short essay to express your opinion.

Exercise 6. Analyze the following information.

The Millennium Development Goals

The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world's countries and all the world's leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world's poorest.

"We will have time to reach the Millennium Development

Goals – worldwide and in most, or even all, individual countries – but only if we break with business as usual.

We cannot win overnight. Success will require sustained action across the entire decade between now and the deadline. It takes time to train the teachers, nurses and engineers; to build the roads, schools and hospitals; to grow the small and large businesses able to create the jobs and income needed. So we must start now. And we must more than double global development assistance over the next few years. Nothing less will help to achieve the Goals."

United Nations Secretary-General Kofi A. Annan

Exercise 7. Study the following and give your estimate as to how achievable these targets look like.

1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources;

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Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water;

Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020.

2)Achieve universal primary education.

3)Promote gender equality and empower women.

• Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015.

4) Reduce child mortality.

5) Improve maternal health.

Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio.

6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.

• Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS;

• Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.

7) Ensure environmental sustainability.

Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources;

Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water;

Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020.

8) Develop a global partnership for development.

Develop further an open trading and financial system that is rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory, includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction – nationally and internationally;

Address the least developed countries' special needs. This includes tariffand quota-free access for their exports; enhanced debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries; cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more gen-