Материал: Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

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ment is usually referred to as modus vivendi. This type of a temporary arrangement is made in a most informal way and does not require ratification.

Most agreements of a binding nature follow the same compositional design, with some variation, as treaties and other international compacts.

Exercise 2. Answer these questions.

1.What kind of arrangement does the term «agreement» mean?

2.What other terms are sometimes used instead of

«agreement»?

3.Is the term «agreement» similar to the term «treaty»?

4.May agreements be concluded by exchange of notes?

5.What is modus vivendi?

6.Are agreements considered binding?

7.Do agreements of a binding nature follow the same compositional design as treaties?

Exercise 3. Fill in the required prepositions.

1.A binding agreement is usually ___ a less formal nature than a treaty.

2.Agreements may be concluded ____ Heads ___

State, ___ States or ___ Governments.

3.The representative ___ one government sends the representative ___ another government a note setting forth the arrangements to be agreed ___.

4.A temporary arrangement made ___ order to bridge

___ some difficulty ___ a permanent settlement is modus vivendi.

5.Most agreements ____ a binding nature follow the same compositional design, ___ some variation, as other international compacts.

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Exercise 4. Suggest the Russian equivalents.

AGREEMENT

parties to the earlier agreement, tentative agreement, armistice/ceasefire agreement, procedural agreement, sales agreement ,trade agreement, Agreement on European economic cooperation, agreement on the establishment of diplomatic relations, agreement on scope of authority, arms-control agreement, cultural exchange agreement, assistance agreement, free trade agreement. intergovernmental agreement, interim agreement, joint agreement, long-term agreement, tripartite agreement, truce agreement, multipartite agreement, agreement on a wide range of issues, in accordance with the agreement achieved, by mutual agreement.

Exercise 5. Study these word combinations and make up sentences of your own.

Exercise 6. Translate these sentences.

1.They reached full (complete, solid) agreement on all points.

2.The negotiators came to an agreement that all troops would be withdrawn.

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6.Pending the truce negotiations the State Parties signed an agreement to refrain from the use of force or a threat of force.

7.Pending the achievement of the objectives of resolution 1514 adopted by the General Assembly concerning the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, the provisions of the present Protocol shall in no way limit the right of petition granted to these peoples by the Charter and other international conventions and instruments under the United Nations.

Exercise 9. Fill in the gaps with words from the box.

_________ instruments refer to the international treaties that are signed and ratified by governments, and impose

______ under international law for State Parties to the conventions to comply with those agreements. __________ instruments refer primarily to the UN Conference and UN General Assembly agreements adopted through intergovernmental _________ While not binding in a legal sense, the UN Conference ___________, such as the Vienna Programme of Action on Human Rights and the Beijing Platform for Action; or UN General Assembly Declarations ,such as the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (1993), the Millennium Declaration (2000), or the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS (2001) – become international

________ law. That is, they form an integral part of the international human rights _______, and become established as human rights principles and standards of conduct that governments are expected to promote and protect.

Exercise 10. Read the text of the agreement and answer these questions.

1.What kind of international compact is it?

2.Who are the parties to the Agreement?

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3.When and where was the Agreement adopted?

4.What are the general provisions of the document?

Florence Educational Scientific and Cultural Agreement

adopted by the General Conference of Unesco at Florence, Italy

Preamble

The contracting States,

Considering that the free exchange of ideas and knowledge and, in general, the widest possible dissemination of the diverse forms of self-expression used by civilizations are vitally important both for intellectual progress and international understanding, and consequently for the maintenance of world peace;

Considering that this interchange is accomplished primarily by means of books, publications and educational, scientific and cultural materials;

Considering that the Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization urges cooperation between nations in all branches of intellectual activity….,

Recognize that these aims will be effectively furthered by an international agreement facilitating the free flow of books, publications and educational, scientific and cultural materials; and

Have, therefore, agreed to the following provisions:

Article I

I. The contracting States undertake not to apply customs duties or other charges on, or in connection with, the importation of:

Books, publications and documents, educational, scientific and cultural materials, listed in Annexes to this Agreement; ………..