Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

378

Sense organs

1

Bony spiral lamina. Lamina spiralis ossea.

15

MIDDLE EAR. Auris media. Part of the ear com-

1

Bilayered bony plate projecting from the modi-

prising the tympanic (middle ear) cavity, audi-

olus into the spiral canal of the cochlea in a spi-

tory tube and mastoid cells.

2

ral fashion. Together with the cochlear duct to

16

Tympanic cavity. Cavitas tympanica (cavum

which it is attached, it forms a complete parti-

tympani). Obliquely oriented space medial to

tion between the scala vestibuli and scala tym-

3

the tympanic membrane (eardrum). It contains

pani. B

the auditory ossicles and communicates post-

2

Hook of spiral lamina. Hamulus laminae spi-

erosuperiorly with the mastoid air cells and an-

4

ralis. Free hook-shaped upper end of the os-

teroinferiorly with the nasopharyngeal cavity

seous spiral lamina at the apex of the cochlea. B

via the auditory tube.

5

3

Helicotrema. Confluence between scala vesti-

17

Tegmental wall (tegmen tympani). Paries

buli and scala tympani at the apex of the

tegmentalis. Thin roof of the tympanic cavity. It

cochlea. It exists because the bony spiral lamina

lies lateral to the arcuate eminence of the

6

and the cochlear duct end before reaching the

petrous part of the temporal bone. C

apex of the cochlea. B

18

Epitympanic recess (attic). Recessus epitym-

7

4

Secondary spiral lamina. Lamina

spiralis

secundaria. Bony ridge situated in the lower

panicus. Dome

of tympanic

cavity located

above the upper margin of the tympanic mem-

half of the basal turn. It projects from the outer

8

brane and arching superiorly and laterally. C

wall of the spiral canal across from the bony spi-

19

Cupular part. Pars cupularis. Upper portion of

ral lamina. The inferior part of the basilar mem-

brane extends between these two

spiral

epitympanic recess. C

9

laminae. B

20

Jugular wall. Paries jugularis. Floor of the tym-

5 Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus. Meatus

panic cavity facing the jugular fossa. C

10

acusticus internus. Arises near the posterior

21

Styloid prominence. Prominentia styloidea.

wall of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It

Elevation on the floor of the tympanic cavity

11

is about 1 cm long and transmits the vestibulo-

produced by the styloid process. C

cochlear and facial nerves and the labyrinthine

22 Labyrinthine wall. Paries labyrinthicus. Medial

artery and vein. A

12

wall of tympanic cavity. C

6

Porus acusticus. Outer opening of internal

23

Oval window. Fenestra vestibuli [[ovalis]]. It is

acoustic meatus into the posterior wall of the

13

petrous part of the temporal bone above the

closed by the base of the stapes. C

jugular foramen. A

24

Fossula fenestrae vestibuli. Small depression

7 Fundus of internal auditory meatus. Fundus

in medial wall of tympanic cavity between the

14

meatus acustici interni. Floor of meatus, which

malleus and incus. C

is subdivided into several fields. A

25

Promontory.

Promontorium.

Prominence

15

8

Transverse crest. Crista transversa. Trans-

caused by the basal turn of the cochlea. C

versely oriented ridge dividing the fundus of

26

Sulcus promontorii. Groove on the promontory

16

the internal acoustic meatus into an upper and

produced by the tympanic nerve from the tym-

lower part. A

panic plexus. C

9 Facial nerve area. Area nervi facialis. Region

27

Subiculum promontorii. Small bony ridge behind

17

containing the beginning of the facial nerve

canal. A

the promontory and round window. C

380

Sense organs

1

Tympanic sinus. Sinus tympani. Deep fossa be-

17

Mastoid air cells. Cellulae mastoideae. Like

1

hind the promontory and round window. D

the tympanic cavity, they are lined by squamous

2

Round window (fenestra of cochlea).

and/or cuboidal epithelium. D

2

18

Tympanic cells. Cellulae tympanicae. Small

Fenestra cochleae [[rotunda]]. Round opening at

the end of the scala tympani. It is closed by the

cell-like depressions in the floor of the tym-

3

secondary tympanic membrane. D

panic cavity. D

3

Fossula of round window. Fossula fenestrae

19

Carotid wall. Paries caroticus. Anterior wall

cochleae. Small fossa leading into the round

formed partly by the carotid canal, partly by the

4

window. D

opening of the auditory tube. D

4

Crest of

round window. Crista

fenestrae

20

Membranous

wall. Paries membranaceus.

5

cochleae. Bony ridge along the edge of the

Lateral wall of

tympanic cavity formed pri-

marily by the tympanic membrane. B

round window for attachment of the secondary

tympanic membrane. D

21

Tympanic membrane (eardrum). Membrana

6

5

Cochleariform process. Processus cochleari-

tympanica. Obliquely oriented membrane at

formis. Spoon-shaped bony process found

the end of the external acoustic meatus. Diame-

7

ter: 9−11 mm. A B

above the promontory at the end of the semi-

canal for the tensor tympani muscle. In combi-

22

Pars flaccida [[Shrapnell’s membrane]]. Smaller,

nation with a connective tissue loop, it serves as

more flaccid part of tympanic membrane lo-

8

a pulley for the muscle. D

cated above the anterior and posterior mallear

6 Secondary tympanic membrane. Membrana

folds. A B

9

23

Pars tensa. By far, the largest part of the tym-

tympani secundaria. Sheath across the round

window that forms a membranous partition be-

panic membrane, situated within the tympanic

10

tween the scala tympani and the tympanic cav-

ring. A B

ity.

24

Anterior malleolar fold (6). Plica mallearis

7 Mastoid wall. Paries mastoideus [adnexa mas-

anterior. Fold on the inner surface of the tym-

11

toidea]. Components connected with the mas-

panic membrane. It has a concave lower edge

toid process.

and extends anteriorly from the base of the

12

manubrium of the malleus. B

8

Mastoid (posterior) wall. Paries mastoideus.

25 Posterior malleolar fold (6). Plica mallearis

Posterior wall of middle ear cavity facing the

posterior. Fold on the inner surface of the tym-

13

mastoid process. D

panic membrane. It has a concave lower edge

9

Mastoid antrum. Antrum mastoideum. Closed

and extends posteriorly from the root of the

space, the posterosuperior part of which is con-

14

manubrium of the malleus. B

tinuous with the tympanic cavity. The inferior

26

Mallear prominence. Prominentia mallearis.

edge communicates with the mastoid cells. D

Small elevation on the outside of the tympanic

15

10

Aditus ad antrum. Entrance to the mastoid an-

membrane caused by the lateral process of the

trum from the tympanic cavity. D

maleus. A

16

11

Prominentia canalis semicircularis lateralis. Prom-

27

Stria mallearis. A bright band that appears on

inence on the wall of lateral semicircular canal,

the outer surface of the tympanic membrane

situated above the prominence of the facial

due to the underlying manubrium of the mal-

17

canal. D

leus, which is fused with the tympanic mem-

12 Prominence of facial nerve canal. Prominentia

brane. A

18

canalis facialis. Bulge lying between the oval

28

Umbo of tympanic membrane. Umbo mem-

window and prominence of the lateral semi-

branae tympani. Structure at the tip of the man-

circular canal. D

ubrium of the malleus, where the tympanic

19

13

Pyramidal eminence (pyramid). Eminentia

membrane is drawn inward. A

pyramidalis. Small, bony pyramidal projection

29

Cutaneous layer. Stratum cutaneum. The layer

20

at the level of the oval window. Its apex is per-

of stratified squamous epithelium on the exter-

forated. The eminence contains the stapedius

nal surface of the tympanic membrane. C

muscle, the tendon of which emerges from it. D

30

Fibrocartilaginous ring. Anulus fibrocar-

21

14

Incudal fossa. Fossa incudis. Small depression

tilagineus. Attaches the tympanic membrane in

in the aditus ad antrum for the posterior liga-

the tympanic sulcus. C

22

ment of the incus. D

31

Radiate layer. Stratum radiatum. Outer group

15

Sinus posterior. Small groove between the in-

of radially oriented fibers of the tympanic

23

cudal fossa and pyramid. D

membrane. C

32

Circular layer. Stratum circulare. Inner group of

16

Typmpanic aperture of canaliculus of

24

chorda

tympani. Apertura

tympanica

circularly oriented fibers of the tympanic mem-

canaliculi chordae tympani. Opening of chorda

brane. C

tympani canal into tympanic cavity. It lies at the

33

Mucosal layer. Stratum mucosum. Layer of

25

posterior margin of the tympanic membrane at

simple squamous epithelium covering the

the level of the pyramid. D

inner surface of the tympanic membrane. C