Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

1 FACIAL NERVE (VII). N. facialis (n. intermedio- 1 facialis) [VII]. Seventh cranial nerve (nerve of the 2nd pharyngeal arch). It exits between the pons

2and olive, passes with the vestibulocochlear

nerve into the petrous temporal bone and leaves it through the stylomastoid foramen. It supplies

3the muscles of facial expression. A B C D

2Genu of facial nerve. Geniculum [n. facialis].

3 Nerve to the stapedius. N. stapedius. Slender

5branch supplying the stapedius muscle. A

4Communicating branch of facial never with

6tympanic plexus. Ramus communicans [cum plexus tympanico]. A

vago]. Located directly below the stylomastoid

8foramen.

6Posterior auricular nerve. N. auricularis posterior. Ramifies beneath the stylomastoid foramen,

9passes upward between the mastoid process and

the external acoustic meatus and supplies the

10posterior ear muscles and the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle. B

9Digastric branch. Ramus digastricus. It supplies

15 11 Communicating branch of facial nerve with glossopharyngeal nerve. Ramus communicans [cum n. glossopharyngeo]. A

1612 Intraparotid plexus. Plexus intraparotideus. Facial nerve plexus situated in the space accessible

17anteriorly between the two parotid lobes. B

13Temporal branches. Rami temporales. Rami ascending over the zygomatic arch to the muscles

18of facial expression above the palpebral fissure and along the ear. B

1914 Zygomatic branches. Rami zygomatici. Rami

supplying the lateral part of the orbicularis oculi and the muscles of facial expression between the

20 palpebral and oral fissures. B

15 Buccal branches. Rami buccales. Rami supplying

21the buccinator muscle and the muscles of facial expression around the mouth. B

18 Cervical branch. Ramus colli (cervicalis). Motor

25branch for the platysma. It anastomoses with the transverse cervical nerve. B

19Sensory root of facial nerve. N. intermedius. It arises from the brainstem independently between the facial and vestibular nerves and transports autonomic and taste fibers. After anastomosing with various vessels, it ultimately unites with the facial nerve in the petrous part of the temporal bone. D

20Geniculate (facial) ganglion. Ganglion geniculi (geniculatum). Equivalent to a spinal ganglion with pseudo-unipolar ganglion cells. It is located in the petrous part of the temporal bone at the bend of the facial nerve. It receives taste fibers from the chorda tympani. A

21Chorda tympani. Nerve bundle with parasympathetic fibers for the submandibular gland and sensory fibers from the taste buds occupying the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It returns to the tympanic cavity where it passes between the malleus and incus, then goes through the petrotympanic fissure [[Glaser] or sphenopetrosal fissure to subsequently join the lingual nerve. A

22Pterygopalatine ganglion. Ganglion pterygopalatinum. Parasympathetic ganglion located in its respective fossa near the sphenopalatine foramen. It receives preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve via the greater petrosal nerve and sends postganglionic secretory fibers to the lacrimal and nasal glands. C

23Nerve of pterygoid canal. N. canalis pterygoidei [Radix facialis]. Located in the pterygoid canal at the root of the pterygoid process. It contains parasympathetic (facial nerve), sympathetic and sensory fibers destined for the pterygopalatine ganglion. C

24Greater petrosal nerve. N. petrosus major. Branch of facial nerve emerging from the anterior wall of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It incorporates parasympathetic and sensory fibers, and penetrates the covering plate of the foramen lacerum lateral to the internal carotid artery where it is joined by the deep petrosal nerve. A C

25Deep petrosal nerve. N. petrosus profundus. Nerve carrying sympathetic fibers from the internal carotid plexus; it joins the greater petrosal nerve to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal. C

26Submandibular ganglion. Ganglion submandibulare. Located above or in front of the submandibular gland. This parasympathetic ganglion is the synaptic site between preganglionic fibers from the chorda tympani and postganglionic fibers to the sublingual and submandibular glands. C

27Sympathetic branch (to the submandibular ganglion). Ramus sympatheticus (ad ganglion submandibulare). Branch from the internal carotid plexus. Its fibers arrive at the submandibular ganglion above the facial artery and pass through the ganglion without synapsing. C

28Glandular branches. Rami glandulares. Small rami at the inferior margin of the submandibular ganglion that supply the submandibular gland. C

29Sublingual ganglion. [Ganglion sublinguale]. Small group of cells occasionally present on the glandular rami. C

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1VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE (VIII). N. vestibulo-

1 cochlearis [VIII]. Eighth cranial nerve. Nerve that exits at the lower margin of the pons and passes

2through the internal acoustic meatus to the vestibular (equilibrium) and auditory organs. A

2Vestibular nerve.N.vestibularis.Superior,ventral,

VIII nerve passing from the vestibular nucleus to

5the maculae and ampullary crest. A

5Vestibular ganglion. Ganglion vestibulare. Gan-

6glion located in the floor of the internal acoustic meatus. It contains bipolar neurons associated with the vestibular nerve. A

76 Communicating branch with cochlear nerve.

Ramus communicans cochlearis.

7 Upper part of vestibular ganglion. Pars super-

8ior. It supplies the anterior and lateral semicircular canals, utricle and anterior part of saccule. A

98 Utriculoampullar nerve. N. utriculoampullaris. Superior branch of vestibular nerve with fibers

11 Lateral ampullar nerve. N. ampullaris lateralis.

13Branch from the ampullary crest of the lateral semicircular canal. A

12 Inferior part of the vestibular ganglion. Pars

14inferior. It supplies the posterior semicircular canal and a part of the sacculus. A

1513 Posterior ampullar nerve. N. ampullaris poste-

rior. Branch from the ampullary crest of the posterior semicircular canal. A

1614 Saccular nerve. N. saccularis. Branch from the macula sacculi. A

1715 Cochlear nerve. Nervus cochlearis. Part of the vestibulocochlear nerve for the auditory organ in the cochlea. A

1816 Cochlear (spiral) ganglion. Ganglion cochleare (spiral cochleae). Helical band of ganglion cells

19directed towards the axis of the cochlea and situated along the base of the osseous spiral lamina. A

17 GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX). N. glossopha-

20ryngeus [IX]. Ninth cranial nerve (nerve of the 3rd pharyngeal arch). It leaves the brain through the posterolateral sulcus behind the olive, courses

21through the jugular foramen and passes obliquely downward posterior to the stylopharyngeus

22muscle. It contains motor fibers for the pharyngeal constrictors and stylopharyngeus muscle and sensory fibers for the pharyngeal mucosa, tonsils

23and posterior third of the tongue (taste fibers) and parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion via the tympanic and lesser petrosal nerves. B

2418 Superior (jugular) ganglion. Ganglion superius [[intracraniale]]. Smaller ganglion in the jugular

25foramen. It contains cell bodies of afferent fibers. B C

19Inferior (petrous) ganglion. Ganglion inferius [[extracraniale]]. Larger ganglion situated directly below the jugular foramen. It contains cell bodies of afferent fibers. B C

20Tympanic nerve. N. tympanicus. First branch of the IX nerve. It branches off from the inferior ganglion and passes between the jugular foramen and carotid canal, then through the tympanic canaliculus to the tympanic cavity. C

21Tympanic englargement (ganglion). Intumescentia tympanica (ganglion tympanicum). Irregularly scattered ganglion cells forming a dilatation in the course of the tympanic nerve. C

22Tympanic plexus. Plexus tympanicus. N. plexus in the mucosa over the promontory. It is formed by the tympanic n., internal carotid plexus and communicating ramus of the facial n. with the tympanic plexus. C

23Tubal branch of tympanic plexus. Ramus tubarius (tubalis). Ramus for the auditory tube. C

24Caroticotympanic nerves. Nn. caroticotympanici. Sympathetic fibers of the tympanic plexus derived from the internal carotid plexus. C

25Communicating branch of glossopharyngeal nerve with auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Ramus communicans [cum ramo auriculari nervi vagi]. Fine branch from the inferior ganglion to the auricular ramus of the vagus. B

26Pharyngeal branches of IX nerve. Rami pharyngeales (pharyngei). Three to four rami passing into the pharyngeal plexus. B

27Ramus to stylopharyngeus muscle. Ramus m. stylopharyngei. B

28Branch to carotid sinus. Ramus sinus carotici. It also passes to the carotid body and communicates with the sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve. B

29Tonsillar branches. Rami tonsillares. Branches supplying the mucosa of the palatine tonsil and its surroundings. B

30Lingual branches. Rami linguales. Taste fibers from the posterior third of the tongue including the valate papillae which are also supplied by the lingual nerve via the chorda tympani. B

31Otic ganglion. Ganglion oticum. Parasympathetic ganglion located medial to the mandibular nerve below the foramen ovale. It receives preganglionic fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve via the lesser petrosal nerve and sends postganglionic secretory fibers to the parotid gland. D

32Lesser petrosal nerve. N. petrosus minor. Nerve containing parasympathetic fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve. It emerges from the tympanic plexus, penetrates the anterior wall of the petrous temporal bone and leaves the middle cranial fossa through the sphenopetrosal fissure. Its fibers synapse in the otic ganglion. C D

33Communicating branch with the meningeal branch. Ramus communicans [cum ramo meningeo]. D

34Communicating branch with auriculo-tem- poral nerve. Ramus communicans [cum n. auriculotemporali]. It includes postganglionic parasympathetic fibers that supply the parotid gland. D

35Communicating branch with chorda tympani.

Ramus communicans [cum chorda tympani]. It contains sensory nerve fibers. D

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AVestibulocochlear nerve, schematic

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C Tympanic nerve with branches