Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

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Cranial nerves

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Decussation of trochlear nerve. Decussatio

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1

(systema nervosum periphericum). The periph-

nervorum trochlearium. The crossing of

eralpartofthenervoussystemwhichincludesall

trochlear nerve fibers in the superior medul-

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peripheral conducting tracts (nerves). The

lary velum. B

border between it and the central nervous sys-

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TRIGEMINAL NERVE (V). N. trigeminus [V]. Fifth

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temliesatthesurfaceofthebrainandspinalcord.

cranial nerve (nerve of the 1st pharyngeal arch).

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CRANIAL NERVES. Nervi craniales (en-

Nerve that exits laterally from the pons with

cephalici). The 12 pairs of nerves connected

two groups of fibers, supplies the masticatory

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with the brain. With the exception of the

muscles and provides sensory innervation to

trochlear (IV), all of them emerge from the base

the face. B C

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of the brain and exit through the base of the

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Sensory root of trigeminal nerve. Radix sen-

skull (in contrast to the spinal nerves). Area of

soria [portio major]. Sensory part which exits

distribution: head, neck, as well as the thorax

from the pons caudally and enters the trigemi-

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and abdomen (via vagus nerve).

nal ganglion. C

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OLFACTORY NERVE (I). Nn. olfactorii (I). First

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Trigeminal (semilunar, gasserian)

ganglion.

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cranial nerve, which is formed by about 20

Ganglion trigeminale [[semilunare;

Gasseri]].

small bundles of nonmyelinated axons from the

Semilunar ganglion that is equivalent to a spi-

olfactory cells. It passes through the cribriform

nal ganglion. It is located in an outpocketing of

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plate of the ethmoid into the olfactory bulb

the subarachnoid space (cavum trigeminale)

(synaptic site). A

above the foramen lacerum at the medial, ante-

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4 OPTIC NERVE (II). N. opticus [II]. Second cranial

rior border of the petrous part of the temporal

nerve which leaves the eyeball medial to the

bone. C

posterior optic pole and extends up to the optic

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Motor root. Radix motoria [portio minor].

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chiasm. B C

Motor portion of trigeminal nerve for innerva-

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OCULOMOTOR NERVE (III). N. oculomotorius

tion of the masticatory muscles. It is situated

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[III]. Third cranial nerve, which exits from the

cranially at the exit of the trigeminal nerve and

sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral

below the trigeminal ganglion. C

peduncle. This motor nerve (somatic and

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Ophthalmic nerve. N. ophthalmicus. First divi-

12

visceral) passes into the orbit through the su-

sion (branch) of trigeminal nerve. It passes

perior orbital fissure. B C

through the superior orbital fissure. C

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Superior ramus (division). Ramus superior.

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Tentorial (meningeal) branch. Ramus ten-

Superior branch for the superior rectus and le-

torii (meningeus). Recurrent nerve for the ten-

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vator palpebrae superioris muscles. B

torium cerebelli and falx cerebri. C

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Inferior ramus (division). Ramus inferior. In-

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Lacrimal nerve. N. lacrimalis. Passes laterally

ferior branch for the medial and inferior recti

through the superior orbital fissure and sup-

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and inferior oblique muscles. B

plies the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and lateral

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Ciliary ganglion. Ganglion ciliare. Located

portion of upper eyelid. C

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about 2 cm behind the eyeball and lateral to the

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Communicating

ramus

with zygomatic

optic nerve. This parasympathetic ganglion

nerve. Ramus communicans [cum. n. zygomat-

serves as a relay station for fibers innervating

ico]. Connection to the zygomatic nerve with

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the ciliary and sphincter pupillae muscles. B

autonomic fibers extending from the pterygo-

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Parasympathetic (motor) root. Radix para-

palatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland. C

sympathetica (oculomotoria). Branch of the

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Frontal nerve. N. frontalis. Nerve that enters

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oculomotor nerve with preganglionic, para-

the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It

sympathetic fibers projecting to the ciliary gan-

lies on the levator palpebrae superioris and

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glion. B

continues toward the forehead. C; see also

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Short ciliary nerves. Nn. ciliares breves.

p. 323 A

Several (up to 20) nerves penetrating the sclera

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Supraorbital nerve. N. supraorbitalis. Thickest

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above and below the optic nerve and carrying

branch of the frontal nerve. It supplies the con-

postganglionic, parasympathetic and sympa-

junctiva, upper eyelid, frontal sinus and the

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thetic fibers. B

skin of the forehead. C

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Sympathetic root. Radix sympathetica. Fine,

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Lateral branch. Ramus lateralis. It passes

postganglionic fiber tract from the internal

through the supra-orbital notch. C

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carotid plexus with no synapses in the ciliary

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Medial branch. Ramus medialis. It passes medi-

ganglion. B

ally through the frontal notch. C

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Sensory root. Radix sensoria (nasociliaris).

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Supratrochlear

nerve.

N. supratrochlearis.

Fine, long connection with afferent fibers to the

Thin, medial branch of frontal nerve. It divides

nasociliary nerve. B

at the medial angle of the eye to form an as-

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TROCHLEAR NERVE (IV). N. trochlearis [IV].

cending and descending branch. C

Fourth cranial nerve. Thin nerve exiting dorsal