Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

312

Brain

Olfactory brain. Its comprised of the substantia

18

Gyrus fasciolaris. Convolution that passes

1

1

perforata anterior, stria diagonalis, area subcal-

around the splenium of the corpus callosum and

losa and gyrus paraterminalis.

forms a connection between the longitudinal

2

2

Anterior

perforated

substance. Substantia

striae, including the indusium griseum and den-

perforata anterior. Area posterior to the ol-

tate gyrus. B

19

Lamina terminalis. Thin walled, anterior border

3

factory trigone with perforations for the passage

of cerebral vessels. A

of the 3rd ventricle. A B

4

3 Diagonal stria (band) of Broca. Stria diagonalis

20

Anterior commissure. Commissura anterior.

[Broca]. Bundle of myelinated fibers often

Anterior, transverse connection between the

coursing obliquely over the anterior perforated

right and left halves of the cerebrum. It lies be-

5

substance. It connects the precommissural sep-

hind the lamina terminalis and is visible in the

tum with the uncus. A

most anterior segment of the 3rd ventricle. A

6

4

Subcallosal area. Area subcallosa. Area on the

21 Fornix. Curved bundle of fibers that pass in both

medial surface of the frontal lobe situated below

directions between the mamillary body and

7

the genu and rostrum of the corpus callosum. A

hippocampus. B

5

Paraterminal

gyrus.

Gyrus paraterminalis.

22

Crus of fornix. Crus. The posterior limb of the

Convolution on the medial surface below the

fornix that arises from the hippocampus as the

8

rostrum and in front of the laminal terminalis. A

hippocampal fimbria, circles around the pulvi-

nar and unites with the contralateral limb to

6

Corpus

callosum. Massive transverse fibers

form the body of the fornix. B

9

connecting the right and left hemispheres at the

23

Body of fornix. Corpus. Unparied middle part of

base of the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum.

fornix situated below the corpus callosum and

A B C

10

formed by the union of both crura. B

7 Splenium. Thick, free posterior end of the cor-

24 Tenia. Taenia. Thin, lateral margin of the fornix

pus callosum. B

11

that gives attachment to the choroid plexus of

8 Trunk. Truncus. Portion of corpus callosum be-

the lateral ventricle. B

12

tween the splenium and genu. B

25 Column. Columna. Anterior part of the fornix lo-

9

Genu. Bend in the corpus callosum located ante-

cated partly in the lateral wall of the 3rd ven-

13

riorly above the rostrum. B

tricle. It extends as far as the mamillary body. B

10

Rostrum. Anterior end of corpus callosum that

26 Commissure. Commissura. Triangular connect-

tapers inferiorly to a point where it joins the

ing plate situated between the crura of the for-

14

lamina terminalis. B

nix below the posterior part of the corpus callo-

11

Radiation of

corpus

callosum. Radiatio cor-

sum. It contains fibers crossing from the hippo-

15

poris callosi. Fibers radiating from the corpus

campal fimbriae of both sides. B

callosum to the cerebral cortex. A D

27

Septum pellucidum (lucidum). Bilayered, thin

12

Forceps

minor. Forceps frontalis (minor). U-

plate extending between the corpus callosum

16

and fornix. It separates the anterior horns of the

shaped fibers passing through the genu of the

lateral ventricles from one another. B

corpus callosum and connecting the frontal

28 Cavity of septum pellucidum. Cavum septi pel-

17

lobes. D

13

Forceps major. Forceps occipitalis (major). U-

lucidi. Enclosed cavity of variable size between

the two laminae of the septum pellucidum. B

shaped fibers passing through the splenium of

18

29

Lamina of septum pellucidum. Lamina septi

the corpus callosum and connecting the poste-

rior parts of the occipital lobes. D

pellucidi. Paired sheet forming the septum pel-

19

14

Tapetum. Continuous layer of fibers arching

lucidum and the lateral wall of its cavity. B

30

Precommissural septum. Septum precommis-

laterally and inferiorly from the corpus callosum

20

and forming the lateral wall of the inferior and

surale. Area on the free medial surface of the

posterior horns of the lateral ventricle as well as

frontal lobe in front of the lamina terminalis.

the roof of the posterior horn. C

314

Brain

1

Lateral ventricle. Ventriculus lateralis. Paired

15

Collateral trigone. Trigonum collaterale.

1

ventricle which communicates with the third

Broadened triangular area near the beginning of

ventricle via the interventricular foramen. It

the collateral eminence at the border between

2

consists of the pars centralis and three horns

the inferior and posterior horns. C

(anterior, posterior, inferior). A

16

Hippocampus. Enlongated elevation in the infe-

2

Central part. Pars centralis. Middle portion of

rior horn formed by the hippocampal sulcus. It is

3

lateral ventricle located above the thalamus and

a specifically structured part of the rhinen-

below the corpus callosum. It contains a part of

cephalon. C

4

the choroid plexus. A

17

Pes. Foot like elevation at the anterior end of the

3 Interventricular

foramen.

Foramen inter-

hippocampus. C

5

ventriculare. Passage behind

and

below

the

18

Alveus. Thin layer of white matter on the hippo-

genu of the fornix through which the lateral and

campus. C

third ventricles communicate. D

19

Fimbria. Bundle of white fibers emanating from

6

4

Anterior horn. Cornu frontale (anterius). Part of

the alveus and passing medially and upward on

the lateral ventricle that extends forward from

the hippocampus to continue into the fornix as

7

the interventricular foramen. It is bounded me-

its crus. C

dially by the septum pellucidum, laterally by the

19 a

Sections of the telencephalon. Sectiones telen-

head of the caudate nucleus, superiorly by the

cephalici.

8

trunk of the corpus callosum, anteriorly and in-

20

Archicortex (archipallium). Archaecortex. Phy-

feriorly by the genu and rostrum of the corpus

callosum. A

logenetically speaking, this is an older part of

9

the cerebral cortex. Unlike the neocortex, it has

5

Posterior

horn. Cornu

occipitale

(posterius).

three instead of six layers and is formed by the

Part of the lateral ventricle that extends into the

hippocampus and dentate gyrus.

10

occipital lobe. A

21

Paleocortex. Palaeocortex. Oldest part of cere-

6

Inferior horn. Cornu temporale (inferius). Part

bral cortex originally derived from the piriform

11

of the lateral ventricle that accompanies the

lobe.

hippocampus laterally and contains a part of the

22 Neocortex. The largest part of the cerebral cor-

choroid plexus. A

12

tex comprised of six layers.

7

Stria terminalis. Longitudinal band of myeli-

22 a Mesocortex. Incompletely differentiated zone

nated fibers located in the angle between the

in the region of the insular cortex with visceral

13

thalamus

and

caudate

nucleus

above

the

functions.

thalamostriate vein. It arises from the amyg-

daloid body. B

11 Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle. Plexus

19

choroideus ventriculi lateralis. Highly vascu-

larized, fringelike villous folds that protrude

into the lateral ventricle through the choroid fis-

20

sure. They extend anteriorly to the interventric-

ular foramen and posteriorly into the inferior

21

horn. B

12 Bulb of posterior horn. Bulbus cornus occipi-

Brain 315

1

1

2

2

3

4

4

5

6

7

5

8

6

9

Right and left lateral ventricles

A

10

with left caudate nucleus

11

7

9

12

8

11

10

3

13

14

15

Interventricular foramen

D

16

B

17

18

12

19

13

20

15

21

14

19

16

22

16

23

17

18

24

C

316

Brain

Sections through telencephalon. Sectiones tel-

16

Superior

longitudinal

1

1

encephali.

longitudinalis superior. Largest bundle of asso-

2 Cerebral cortex. Cortex cerebralis (pallium).

ciation fibers in the cerebrum, extending from

2

the frontal lobe to the temporal lobe via the

Gray

matter,

1.5−4.5 mm

thick,

consisting

mainly of the following six layers. A

occipital lobe. E

3

17

Inferior

longitudinal

fasciculus.

Fasciculus

3

Molecular (plexiform) layer. 1st layer. Lamina

longitudinalis inferior. Bundle of

association

molecularis (plexiformis). It contains a few tan-

fibers connecting the temporal and occipital

gential cells and a thick network of tangential

4

lobes. E

fibers from dendrites of pyramidal cells and

18

Uncinate fasciculus. Fasciculus uncinatus. As-

axons of other cells. None of its projections ex-

sociation fibers connecting the inferior surface

5

tend beyond the cerebral cortex. A

of the frontal lobe and the anterior part of the

4

External granular layer. 2nd layer. Lamina

temporal lobe. E

6

granularis externa. A layer of small cells in a fine

19

Radiation of corpus callosum. Radiatio cor-

fiber network. A

poris callosi. Fibers connecting the right and left

7

5

External

pyramidal

layer

(pyramidal

cell

cerebral cortices. See also p. 312.11−14. C

layer). 3rd layer. Lamina pyramidalis externa. It

20

Basal nuclei. Nuclei basales. Basal ganglion.

8

contains medium-sized pyramidal cells which

21 Corpus striatum. The striate body, which is

do not form long tracts. A

comprised of basal ganglia (caudate nucleus and

6

Internal granular layer. 4th layer. Lamina granu-

putamen) united by bundles of gray matter.

9

laris interna. It consists predominantly of

Central synaptic station of the extrapyramidal

closely packed stellate cells and receives im-

system. D

10

pulses primarily from thalamocortical fibers. Its

22

Caudate nucleus. Nucleus caudatus. Elongated,

stria is comprised of densely stratified tangen-

arched nucleus that arises from the ganglionic

tial fibers. A

mass of the telencephalon and curves around

11

7

Internal pyramidal (ganglionic) layer. 5th layer.

the thalamus.

Lamina pyramidalis interna (ganglionaris). It

23

Head of caudate nucleus. Caput [[nuclei cau-

12

contains larger pyramidal cells and is the exit of

dati]]. Anteriorly situated structure that forms

the corticonuclear and corticospinal tracts in

the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral

13

the corresponding regions of areas 4 and 6. A

ventricle. B D

8

Multiform (fusiform) layer. 6th

layer. Lamina

24

Body of caudate nucleus. Corpus [[nuclei cau-

multiformis. Poorly defined layer made up of

dati]]. Middle part of caudate nucleus lying on

14

the thalamus. B D

many, mostly small, fusiform cells extending

25

Tail of caudate nucleus. Cauda [[nuclei cau-

into the white matter. A

15

9

Tangential fibers. Neurofibrae tangentiales. Su-

dati]]. It accompanies the inferior horn and

forms the tapering posterior and inferior seg-

perficial fiber complex comprised of the follow-

ments of the caudate nucleus. D

ing four layers.

16

26 Lentiform nucleus. Nucleus lentiformis (lentic-

10

Stria of molecular layer. Stria laminae

ularis). Part of the corpus striatum that arises

molecularis (plexiformis). Band of tangential

from the telencephalon and diencephalon. D

17

fibers in the 1st layer of the cerebral cortex. A

27

Putamen. Lateral, telencephalic portion of the

11

Stria of external granular layer. Stria laminae

lentiform nucleus. B

18

granularis externa. Thinner band of tangential

28

Lateral medullary lamina. Lamina medullaris

fibers in the 2nd layer of the cerebral cortex. A

lateralis. Medullary layer of the corpus striatum

19

12

Stria of internal granular layer. Stria laminae

situated between the globus pallidus and puta-

men. B

granularis interna. Band of tangential fibers in

29

Lateral globus pallidus. Globus pallidus later-

the 4th layer of the cerebral cortex [[outer stripe

20

of Baillarger]]. A

alis. Part of the diencephalic globus pallidus lo-

13

Stria

of

internal

pyramidal

layer.

Stria

cated between the lateral and medial medullary

21

laminae. B

laminae pyramidalis interna (ganglionaris).

30

Medial medullary lamina. Lamina medullaris

Band of tangential fibers in the 5th layer of the

22

cerebral cortex [[inner stripe of Baillarger]]. A

medialis. Medullary layer between the medial

and lateral parts of the globus pallidus. B

14 Arcuate fibers of cerebrum. Fibrae arcuatae

31

Medial globus pallidus. Globus pallidus medi-

cerebri. Arcuate fibers connecting the adjacent

23

alis. Part of the globus pallidus located medial to

cerebral gyri. F

the medial medullary lamina. B

15

Cingulum. Fiber bundle lying in the medulla of

24

32

Claustrum. Layer of gray matter between the

the cingulate gyrus. It arises from the area sub-

lentiform nucleus and the insular cortex. B

callosa, arches

around the

corpus

callosum,