Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

292

Brain

Basis pedunculi cerebri. Synonymous with

18

Trigone of lemniscus. Trigonum lemnisci. Tri-

1

1

anterior part of cerebral peduncle, the cerebral

angular field located laterally between the tec-

crus. B

tal lamina, superior cerebellar peduncle and

2

2

Corticospinal

fibers. Fibrae corticospinales.

19

cerebral crus. A

Pedunculus

Fibers of the pyramidal tract leading into the

Superior

cerebellar

peduncle.

3

spinal cord. B C

cerebellaris superior. It transmits fibers mainly

3

Corticonuclear

(corticobulbar)

fibers. Fibrae

from the dentate nucleus to the red nucleus

and thalamus. A

4

corticonucleares. Pyramidal tract fibers for the

20

Mesencephalic (cerebral) aqueduct. Aquae-

cranial nerve nuclei. B C

4 Corticopontine fibers. Fibrae corticopontinae.

ductus mesencephali (cerebri). Narrow canal in

5

the midbrain between the 3rd and 4th ventricle.

Fibers of the cerebropontocerebellar tract.

B C D

6

5

Parietotemporopontine fibers. Fibrae parie-

21

Sections through the mesencephalon. Sec-

totemporopontinae. Fibers of the cerebropon-

tiones mesencephalici. B C D

tine tract which originate from the parietal and

22

Reticular

formation

(substance). Formatio

temporal lobes. They lie in the lateral part of

7

(substantia) reticularis. Mesencephalic portion

the cerebral crus. B C

of reticular formation extending up from the

6

Frontopontine

fibers. Fibrae frontopontinae.

8

spinal cord. It lies around the cerebral aque-

Fibers of the cerebropontine tract which arise

duct, and its scattered ganglion cells function in

from the frontal lobes and occupy the medial

the integration of muscular activities. B C D

9

sixth of the cerebral crus. B C

23

Corticoreticular fibers. Fibrae corticoreticu-

7 Substantia nigra. Black nucleus lying on the

lares. Nerve fibers extending from the cerebral

10

cerebral crus. Its name is derived from its con-

motor cortex to the ganglion cells of the reticu-

tent of numerous pigmented ganglion cells

lar formation.

11

rendering it visible with the naked eye. B C

24

Medial

longitudinal

fasciculus.

Fasciculus

8

Compact part. Pars compacta. Dense part of

longitudinalis medialis. Fiber bundle with con-

substantia nigra containing pigmented cells.

nections to the ocular muscles, neck muscles

12

9

Pars reticularis. Reticular (fibrous) part of sub-

and vestibular nuclei for coordination of move-

ments of the eyeball and head. B C D

stantia

nigra. It contains

disaggregated pig-

25

Posterior longitudinal

fasciculus. Fasciculus

13

mented fibers facing the cerebral crus. Its cells

longitudinalis posterior [[Schütz]]. Descending

are irregularly dispersed between the fibers of

and ascending fibers with projections to the

the cerebral crus.

14

10

Tegmentum

hypothalamus and cranial nerve nuclei III, V,

Mesencephalic

tegmentum.

VII, X, XII, as well as the nucleus ambiguus and

mesencephalicum. It extends from the sub-

the tractus solitarius and salivatorius. D

15

stantia nigra to an imaginary plane drawn

26

Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve. Trac-

through the cerebral aqueduct. B C

tus

mesencephalicus

nervi trigeminalis.

11 Central

gray

matter.

Substantia grisea

16

Trigeminal fibers to the nucleus of the tract of

centralis. Gray matter around the cerebral

the trigeminal nerve located lateral to the cere-

aqueduct. B C

bral aqueduct and the 4th ventricle. D

17

27

12

Mesencephalic tectum. Tectum mesencephali-

Nucleus of mesencephalic tract of the trigemi-

cum. Part of the mesencephalon located dorsal

nal nerve. Nucleus tractus mesencephalici

18

to the previously mentioned transverse plane

nervi trigeminalis (n. mesencephalica trigemi-

through the cerebral aqueduct. B C

nalis). Upper sensory trigeminal nucleus ex-

19

13

Tectal lamina (quadrigeminal plate). Lamina

tending to below the tectal lamina. D

28

Nucleus of oculomotor nerve. Nucleus nervi

tectalis [[quadrigemina]]. A

20

14

Inferior colliculus. Colliculus inferior. Inferior

oculomotorii (nucleus oculomotorius). It is

found in front of the cerebral aqueduct. B

hillock of quadrigeminal plate connected to the

29

Accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve. Nu-

auditory pathway. A

21

cleus

oculomotorius

accessorius

(autonomi-

15

Superior colliculus. Colliculus superior. Super-

cus). A parasymathetic portion of oculomotor

ior hillock of quadrigeminal plate connected to

nucleus. 96% supplies the ciliary muscle, the

22

the visual pathway. A

rest supplies sphincter pupillae muscle.

16

Brachium of inferior colliculus. Brachium col-

30

Nucleus of trochlear nerve. Nucleus nervi

23

liculi inferioris. Connecting arm between the

trochlearis (nucleus trochlearis). It is located in

inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate

the central gray matter caudal to the nucleus of

24

body. A

the oculomotor nerve. C

17

Brachium of superior colliculus. Brachium col-

31

Interpeduncular nucleus. Nucleus inter-

liculi superioris. Connecting arm between the

peduncularis. Located in the floor of the inter-

25

superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate

peduncular fossa and has projections to the ol-

body. A

factory tract. C

294

Brain

Interstitial nucleus of Cajal. Nucleus inter-

14

Lemniscus medialis. Decussating connection

1

1

stitialis [[Cajal]]. Group of cells located lateral to

between nuclei of posterior funiculus and

the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, from

thalamus. B C D

2

which it is separated by the medial longitudinal

15 Spinal lemniscus. Lemniscus spinalis. Segment

fasciculus. It contains fibers from the vestibular

of spinothalamic tract lodging in the midbrain

nuclei, globus pallidus and stratum griseum of

3

adjacent to the medial lemniscus. D

the superior colliculus. B

16 Trigeminal lemniscus. Lemniscus trigeminalis.

2

Tegmental nuclei. Nuclei tegmenti (tegmen-

4

Crossing fiber tract between the sensory nuclei

tales). Nuclei in the reticular formation dorsal

of the trigeminal and the thalamus. It also lies

to the trochlear nucleus and ventral to the me-

in the vicinity of the medial lemniscus.

5

dial longitudinal fasciculus. C

17 Mesencephalic tectum. Tectum mesencephali-

3 Red nucleus. Nucleus ruber. Iron-rich nucleus

cum. Part of midbrain located dorsal to the

6

between the substantia nigra and central gray

above-mentioned plane through the cerebral

matter with tributaries from the cerebral cor-

aqueduct. B C

tex and thalamus. It is inserted in the tract from

18

Tectal lamina.

Lamina

tectalis

[[quad-

7

the cerebellum to the spinal cord. B

rigemina]]. Quadrigeminal plate. A

4

Parvicellular part. Pars parvocellularis. Group

19 Nucleus of inferior colliculus. Nucleus colliculi

8

of small cells forming the larger part of the red

inferioris. Nucleus connecting the

auditory

nucleus and part of the rubrospinal tract.

tract with the extrapyramidal system. C

5

Magnocellular

part.

Pars magnocellularis.

9

20 Brachium of inferior colliculus. Brachium col-

Group of large cells occupying the caudal part

liculi inferioris. Connecting arm between the

of the red nucleus; most of its fibers enter the

inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body.

10

rubrospinal tract.

A

6

Endopeduncular nucleus. Nucleus en-

21 Commissure of

inferior colliculus. Commis-

11

dopeduncularis. Cell group located medially in

sura colliculorum inferiorum. Connection be-

the cerebral crus directly after the site where it

tween the right and left inferior colliculi which

12

enters the base of the brain. It probably inserts

also receives fibers from the lateral lemniscus

in the tract between the globus pallidus and re-

of the opposite side. C

13

ticular formation.

22 Gray and white layers of superior colliculus.

7

Decussations

of

tegmentum. Decussationes

Strata [grisea et alba] colliculi superioris. Gray

tegmenti (tegmentales). Crossing of the ru-

matter and white matter surrounding the su-

14

brospinal, rubroreticular and tectospinal tracts.

perior colliculus. B

B

23 Brachium of superior colliculus. Brachium col-

8 Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle.

15

liculi superioris. Connection between the su-

Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium su-

perior colliculus and lateral geniculate body. A

periorum. Crossing of the superior cerebellar

24 Commissure of superior colliculus. Commis-

16

peduncle below the inferior colliculus and

sura colliculorum superiorum. Connection be-

anterior to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. C

tween the right and left superior colliculi. B

9 Dentatorubral fibers. Fibrae dentatorubrales.

17

25

Decussation of

trochlear

nerve. Decussatio

Component of the superior cerebellar peduncle

trochlearis (d. nervorum trochlearium). Fibers

which passes into the red nucleus.

18

of trochlear nerve crossing in the white matter.

10 Rubrospinal

tract.

Tractus rubrospinalis

D

[[Monakow]]. From its origin in front of the

26 Central tegmental tract. Tractus tegmentalis

19

lateral pyramidal tract, this extrapyramidal

centralis. Tract passing to the olive, thought to

tract passes from the red nucleus to the ante-

partially arise from the thalamus. B D

20

rior horn cells.

23

12

Tectospinal tract. Tractus tectospinalis. Ini-

tially courses similar to the tectobulbar tract,

then descends in the anterior funiculus of the

24

spinal cord.

296

Brain

1

FOREBRAIN. Prosencephalon. Terminal portion

1

of neural tube situated anterior to the anterior

surale. Group of specialized ependymal cells

margin of the mesencephalon. It comprises the

below the posterior commissure. They produce

2

telencephalon and diencephalon.

Reissner’s fiber. B

2

DIENCEPHALON. The part of the prosencephalon

20 Dorsal thalamus. Thalamus dorsalis. Portion of

thalamus located cranial to the hypothalamic sul-

that extends from the anterior margin of the

3

anterior colliculus to the interventricular fora-

cus.

men.

21 Interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia). Ad-

4

3

Epithalamus. It consists mainly of the habenulae,

hesio interthalamica. Inconstant (70−85%) con-

nection between right and left thalami. B

their accessories and the epiphysis.

4

Habenula.

Dorsal continuation of

the stria

22 Anterior tubercle of thalamus. Tuberculum an-

5

terius thalamicum. Small protuberance dorsal to

medullaris of the thalamus. A B

the anterior end of the thalamus above the ante-

5

Habenular

sulcus. Sulcus habenuale

(habenu-

rior nucleus of the thalamus. A

trigone and the pulvinar. A

medullares interna/externa. Layers of white mat-

7

6 Trigone of habenula. Trigonum habenulae (t.

ter located partly lateral to the thalamus and

habenulare). Triangular field between the stria

partly in it. They incompletely separate the in-

medullaris of the thalamus and the habenula. The

dividual thalamic nuclei. E

8

habenular nuclei lie beneath it. A

24

Medullary stria of thalamus. Stria medullaris

7 Commissure of habenula. Commissura habenu-

thalamica. Bundle located at the medial side of

larum (habenularis). Fibers of the habenulae

the thalamus below the thalamic tenia. It con-

9

crossing over the midline. The decussation lies

tinues dorsally into the habenula and receives

superior to the pineal recess. B

fibers from the fornix of the stria terminalis and

10

8 Posterior (epithalamic) commissure. Commis-

the precommissural septum. A B

25

Pulvinar. Posterior part of thalamus projecting

sura epithalamica (posterior). Commissure lo-

cated between the pineal recess and entrance

freely. A

11

26

Metathalamus. Appendage of thalamus below

into the cerebral aqueduct; its fibers cross from a

nearby area. B

the pulvinar. A C

27 Medial geniculate body. Corpus geniculatum

12

9

Pineal gland (body), epiphysis. Corpus pineale

mediale. United with the inferior colliculus, it

(glandula pinealis). Topographically speaking, it

forms a part of the auditory pathway. A C

lies free on the quadrigeminal plate and is sus-

13

28 Lateral geniculate body. Corpus geniculatum

pended from the habenula withouth a functional

laterale. Connects

with the

superior colliculus

connection. A B C

and visual cortex; it is the termination of most of

10 Sections of epithalamus. Sectiones epithalamici.

14

the fibers of the optic tract. A C

11

Medial and lateral habenular nuclei. Nuclei

29

Ventral thalamus (subthalamus). Thalamus

habenulares medialis et lateralis. Cell groups

ventralis (subthalamus). Part of the diencephalon

15

contained in the reflex tract of the rhinen-

situated basally with respect to the hypothalamic

cephalon. D

sulcus.

16

12

Habenulointerpeduncular

tract.

Tractus

30

Hypothalamus. Basal part of the diencephalon. B

habenulointerpeduncularis. Connection between

31

Preoptic area. Area preoptica. Area behind the

habenulae and interpeduncular nucleus. D

lamina terminalis and in front of the paraventric-

17

13

Commissure of habenula. Commissura habenu-

ular nucleus, partly also in front of the supra-

larum (habenularis). See p. 7 A B

optic nucleus. Its nuclei are probably inserted be-

18

14

Pretectal area. Area pretectalis. Region extend-

tween the olfactory tract and tuber cinereum. B

32

Optic chiasma. Chiasma opticum. Decussation of

ing from in front of the upper margin of superior

medial optic nerve fibers between the optic tract

colliculus as far as the

commissure

of the

19

and nerve. B C

epithalamus. C

33 Optic tract. Tractus opticus. Superficial part of

15

Pretectal nuclei. Nuclei pretectales. From their

the visual pathway between the optic chiasma

20

origin dorsolateral to the

commissure

of the

and lateral geniculate body visible at the base of

epithalamus, they extend as far as the superior

the brain. C

colliculus. They receive fibers from the occipital

34

Lateral root. Radix lateralis. Fibers of optic tract

21

lobe and the area in front of it, as well as the optic

which end in the lateral geniculate body or su-

tract and send fibers to the accessory nucleus of

perior colliculus. C

the oculomotor nerve for the sphincter pupillae

35

22

Medial root. Radix medialis. C

muscle.

16

Posterior (epithalamic) commissure. Commis-

36

Mamillary body.

Corpus

mamillare. Paired,

round elevation on the floor of the diencephalon

23

sura epithalamica (posterior). See p. 8 B

connected with the thalamus and midbrain. B

17

Pineal gland (body). Corpus pineale (glandula

37

Tuber cinereum. Gray matter in the posterior

24

pinealis). See p. 9 A B C

wall of the infundibulum. B

18

Subfornical organ. Organum subfornicale. Organ

38

Infundibulum. Funnel-shaped passage to the

in the interventricular foramen between right

posterior lobe of the hypophysis. B

25

and left fornix. It influences blood pressure and

39

Neurohypophysis. Posterior lobe of hypophysis

water excretion. B

suspended by the infundibulum. B