Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

282

Brain

Olivospinal tract. Tractus olivospinalis. Ex-

16

Cochlear nuclei. Nuclei cochleares. Mass of

1

1

trapyramidal tract limited to the cervical cord.

nerve cells situated below the lateral recess of

It influences head and hand movements. D

the 4th ventricle, where it may form a slight

2

2

Spino-olivary tract. Tractus spino-olivaris.

elevation, the tuberculum acusticum. A

Tract that extends throughout the entire spinal

17

Anterior cochlear nucleus. Nucleus cochlearis

3

cord and provides information for the olive,

anterior. Its fibers pass to the opposite side pri-

partly for its own needs, partly for those of the

marily via the trapezoid body and join the

4

cerebellum. D

lateral lemniscus. A

3

Olivocerebellar tract. Tractus olivocerebellaris.

18

Posterior

cochlear

nucleus.

Nucleus

It passes through the inferior cerebellar

cochlearis posterior. Its fibers pass mostly to

5

peduncle from the olive to the cerebellum. B

the midline just beneath the floor of the rhom-

4 Inferior cerebellar peduncle. Pedunculus cere-

boid fossa, where they penetrate deeply in

6

bellaris inferior. Inferior connection to the cere-

order to join the trapezoid body. A

bellum without a sharply defined boundary

19

Commissural nucleus. Nucleus commissuralis.

from the middle cerebellar peduncle. It con-

Little-known nucleus in the medulla oblongata.

7

tains fibers primarily from the spinocerebellar

20

Nucleus

ambiguus.

Nucleus of

origin for

tract and olive. A B

cranial nerves IX and X as well as the cranial

5

Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (hypoglossal

8

portion of XI. It is located behind the olive. C D

nucleus). Nucleus nerve hypoglossi (nucleus

21 Inferior salivary nucleus. Nucleus salivarius in-

hypoglossalis). It is located below the floor of

ferior. Autonomic nucleus for the parasympa-

9

the lower rhomboid fossa. C D

thetic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve. A C

6 Posterior paramedian nucleus. Nucleus para-

22 Arcuate nucleus. Nucleus arcuati. Located in

medianus posterior. Cell group in the vicinity of

10

front of and medial to the pyramidal tract. This

the hypoglossal nucleus that communicate

group of nuclear cells gives origin to the exter-

with the reticular formation.

11

7

nal arcuate fibers. It corresponds to caudally

Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve (dorsal vagal

displaced pontine nuclei. B

nucleus). Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi (nucleus

23 Anterior external arcuate fibers. Fibrae ar-

vagalis dorsalis). Autonomic and sensory cell

12

cuatae externae anteriores. Fibers from the ar-

group located lateral and caudal to the hypo-

cuate nucleus which

pass externally around

glossal nucleus. C D

13

and transversely across the olive into the cere-

8

Nucleus intercalatus. Nuclear group of un-

bellar peduncles. C

known function situated between the nucleus

24 Posterior external arcuate fibers. Fibrae ar-

14

of the hypoglossal nerve and the dorsal nucleus

cuatae externae posteriores. Fibers which pass

of the vagus. C

uncrossed from the lateral part of the arcuate

9 Tractus solitarius. Taste fibers of cranial nerves

15

nucleus to the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

V, VII, IX and X for the nucleus of the tractus

They replace the posterior spinocerebellar tract

solitarius. C

for the region above C8. The thoracic nucleus is

16

10

Nucleus solitarius. Row of cells for the tractus

absent here. D

solitarius extending from the middle of the

25

Raphe of medulla oblongata. Raphe medullae

rhomboid fossa to the decussation of the py-

17

oblongatae. Median line in the decussation of

ramids. C

the lemniscus. C

11 Nucleus parasolitarius. Dispersed cells ven-

26

Nuclei raphae. Cells of the reticular structure

18

trolateral to the nucleus solitarius with no

located near the median plane.

known function.

19

12

Vestibular nuclei. Nuclei vestibulares. Four ter-

minal nuclei of the vestibular division. They

have projections to the spinal cord, cerebellum

20

and medial longitudinal fasciculus. A

13

Inferior vestibular nucleus. Nucleus vestibu-

284

Brain

METENCEPHALON. Part of the rhomben19

Medial

fasciculus.

Fasciculus

1

1

cephalon consisting of the pons, cerebellum

longitudinalis medialis. Tract that connects the

and tegmentum.

nuclei of the ocular and neck muscles on one

2

2

PONS. Located between the interpeduncular

side and the vestibular organ on the other. C

fossa and pyramids. It consists mostly of cross-

20

Posterior longitudinal

fasciculus. Fasciculus

3

ing fibers and cells of the cerebral, pontine and

longitudinalis

posterior [[Schütz]]. Reciprocal

cerebellar tracts. A B

connections between the hypothalamus and

3

Bulbopontine (pontobulbar)

sulcus. Sulcus

the nuclei of cranial nerves III, V, VII, X; XII, the

4

nucleus ambiguus, and the tractus solitarius

bulbopontines. Limiting furrow between the

inferior margins of the medulla oblongata and

and salivatorius in the mesencephalic central

gray region. C

5

pons. Site of exit of cranial nerves VI, VII and

21

Medial lemniscus. Lemniscus medialis. De-

VIII. A

4 Basilar sulcus of pons. Sulcus basilaris. Median

cusssating connection between the nuclei of

6

the posterior funiculus and the thalamus lo-

groove produced by the pyramidal tract fibers

situated to the right and left of the midline. It is

cated mainly medially but also laterally. C

22 Tectospinal (spinotectal) tract. Tractus tec-

7

occupied by the basilar artery. A C

tospinalis. It begins in the superior colliculus,

5 Middle (pontine) cerebellar peduncle. Pedun-

crosses the opposite side and then lies ventral

8

culus cerebellaris medius (pontinus). Thick

to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. It is con-

middle peduncle containing the pontocerebel-

cerned with optic reflexes. C

lar tract. A

9

23

Reticular formation. Formatio reticularis. Lo-

6

Pontocerebellar trigone. Trigonum pontocere-

bellare. Clinically important angle between the

cated in the posterior part of the pons; this long

group of cells is permeated by nerve fibers and

10

pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum. A

continues anterosuperiorly and caudally. It is

7 SECTIONS OF PONS. Senctiones pontis.

concerned with the integration of visceral and

11

8

Anterior (balisar) part of pons. Pars anterior

muscular functions. C

(balisaris) pontis. Portion of pons consisting

24

Spinal lemniscus. Lemniscus spinalis. Cranial

12

mainly of fibers of the cerebropontocerebellar

continuation of the lateral and anterior

tract. C

spinothalamic tracts. C

9

Longitudinal pontine fibers. Fibrae pontis

25

Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve. Tractus spi-

13

longitudinales. Longitudinally

coursing tracts

nalis nervi trigeminalis. Trigeminal fibers de-

of fibers described below.

scending as far as C4 to join the nucleus of the

14

10

Corticospinal fibers. Fibrae

corticospinales.

26

spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. B

Part of the pyramidal tract passing into the spi-

Spinal (inferior) nucleus of trigeminal nerve.

15

nal cord. C

Nucleus spinalis (inferior) nervi trigeminalis.

11

Corticonuclear (corticobulbar) fibers. Fibrae

Nucleus belonging to the spinal tract of the

corticonucleares. Fibers of the pyramidal tract

trigeminal nerve. B

27

Pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve. Nucleus

16

passing to the motor nuclei of cranial nerves. C

12

Corticoreticular fibers. Fibrae corticoreticu-

pontinus nervi trigeminalis. Main nucleus of

trigeminal serving primarily for the sense of

17

lares. Fibers passing from the cerebral cortex to

touch. B

the reticular formation.

28

Trigeminal

lemniscus

(trigeminothalamic

13

Corticopontine fibers. Fibrae corticopontinae.

18

tract). Lemniscus trigeminalis (tractus trige-

Fibers extending to the pontine nuclei from the

frontal, occipital and temporal lobes. C

minothalamicus). Crossed fibers of the trigemi-

nal nucleus extending to the thalamus. C

19

14

Transverse pontine fibers. Fibrae pontis trans-

29 Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve. Trac-

versae. Transversely coursing fibers of the cere-

tus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis (trac-

20

bropontocerebellar tract. C

tus mesencephalicus trigeminalis). Trigeminal

15

Pontocerebellar fibers. Fibrae pontocerebel-

fibers for the nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

lares. Fibers of the pontocerebellar tract pass-

tract located lateral to the cerebral aqueduct

21

ing from the pons to the cerebellum. C

and in the lateral part of the arch to the 4th ven-

16

Pontine nuclei. Nuclei pontis. Intercalary cells

tricle. B C

22

of the cerebropontocerebellar tract situated in

30

Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve.

the ventral part of the pons. C

Nucleus

mesencephalicus nervi

trigeminalis

23

17

Posterior part of pons (tegmentum of pons).

[nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis]. Upper

sensory nucleus extending to the area below

Pars posterior pontis (tegmentum pontis). Part

24

of pons situated between the 4th ventricle and

the tectal lamina. B

the transverse pontine fibers. C

286

Brain

Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve. Nucleus

16

Posterior nucleus of trapezoid body. Nucleus

1

1

motorius nervi trigeminalis [nucleus motorius

corporis trapezoidei posterior. It lies behind the

trigeminalis]. It is located near the exit of the

anterior nucleus. D

2

trigeminal nerve. A B

17

Lateral lemniscus. Lemniscus lateralis. Ascend-

2 Nucleus of abducens nerve. Nucleus nervi ab-

ing continuation of the trapezoid body. Part of

3

ducentis

[nucleus

abducens].

It

is

found

the hearing pathway. D

beneath the facial colliculus. A B

18 Nucleus of lateral lemniscus. Nuclei lemnisci

3 Nucleus of facial nerve. Nucleus nervi facialis

4

lateralis. Ganglion

cells interspersed

in the

[nucleus facialis]. This motor nucleus lies later-

lateral lemniscus.

5

ally below the nucleus of the abducens. A B

19 Fourth ventricle. Ventriculus quartus. Dilata-

4

Genu of facial nerve. Genu nervi facialis. Arch

tion of the lumen of the embryonic neural tube

formed by fibers of facial nerve below the facial

in the rhombencephalon. D

6

colliculus and above the nucleus of the abdu-

20

Rhomboid fossa. Fossa rhomboidea. Floor of

cens. B

4th ventricle. A C

7

5

Superior salivary

(salivatory)

nucleus. Nu-

21

Lateral

recess.

Recessus

lateralis.

Lateral

cleus salivarius superior. Autonomic nucleus

corner

of the 4th

ventricle

ending with the

for the

parasympathetic fibers

of

the

facial

8

lateral aperture. C D

nerve. It supplies preganglionic fibers for the

22

Median sulcus. Sulcus medianus. Median fur-

pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia. A

9

B

row passing through the rhomboid fossa. C

6

Lacrimal nucleus. Nucleus lacrimalis. Auton-

23

Medial eminence. Eminentia medialis. Oblong

10

omic cells lying beside the superior salivary nu-

elevation located between the median sulcus

cleus for the control of lacrimal secretion. A B

and the sulcus limitans. C

11

7

Superior olivary nucleus. Nucleus olivaris su-

24

Facial colliculus. Colliculus facialis. Promi-

perioris. It lies lateral to the trapezoid body,

nence above the medullary striae produced by

contains fibers from the cochlear nuclei and in-

the genu of the facial nerve and the nucleus of

12

tegrates hearing via the olivocochlear tract. D

the abducens nerve. C

8

Olivocochlear tract. Tractus olivocochlearis.

25

Limiting sulcus. Sulcus limitans. Shallow fur-

13

Tract from the superior olivary nucleus to the

row situated lateral to the medial eminence. C

hair cells of the ear.

26

Vestibular area. Area vestibularis. Field above

9 Vestibular nuclei. Nuclei vestibulares. Four ter-

14

the vestibular nuclei and lateral to the limiting

minal nuclei of the vestibular division with

sulcus at the beginning of the lateral recess. C

projections to the spinal cord, cerebellum and

27

Superior fovea. Fovea superior. Pit situated

15

medial longitudinal fasciculus. A B

lateral to the facial colliculus. C

10 Medial vestibular

nucleus. Nucleus vestibu-

28

Locus ceruleus. Locus caeruleus. Elongated

16

laris medialis. Nucleus of nerve cells that lies

group of bluish cells located in the lateral wall

lateral to the sulcus limitans and gives attach-

of the 4th ventricle and under it. C

ment to the medial longitudinal fasciculus of

17

29

Inferior fovea. Fovea inferior. Pit at the apex of

both sides. A D

11 Lateral vestibular nucleus. Nucleus vestibu-

the trigone of the vagus nerve. C

18

30

Medullary striae. Striae medullares. Strongly

laris lateralis. Smaller nucleus of nerve cells sit-

uated near the lateral recess with projections to

myelinated transverse nerve bundles from the

19

the anterior horn of the spinal cord. A D

arcuate nucleus to the cerebellum. C

12

Superior vestibular nucleus. Nucleus vestibu-

31

Trigone of hypoglossal nerve. Trigonum

20

laris superior. Nucleus located above the lateral

nervi hypoglossi (t. hypoglossale). Triangular

nucleus with projections to the medial longi-

bulge over the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve

tudinal fasciculus and cerebellum. A D

located between the median sulcus and the sul-

21

13

Cochlear nuclei. Nuclei cochleares. Dorsal and

cus limitans. C

ventral terminal nuclei of the cochlear division

32

Funiculus separans. Transparent strip of

22

of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Both lie below

ependyma between the trigone of the vagus

the lateral recess. A D

nerve and the area postrema. C

23

14

Trapezoid body. Corpus trapezoideum. Mass of

33

Trigone of vagus nerve. Trigonum nervi vagi

fibers arising from the cochlear nuclei that

(t. vagale). Triangle over the dorsal nucleus of

forms part of the auditoy pathway. D

the vagus nerve caudal to the trigone of hypo-

24

15

Anterior nucleus of trapezoid body. Nucleus

glossal nerve. C

corporis trapezoidei anterior. Smaller nucleus

34

Area postrema. A triangular field caudal to the

25

situated posterolaterally in the trapezoid body.

trigone of the vagus with highly vascularized,

D

glia-rich tissue. C