Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

272

Spinal cord

1

Cranial pia mater. Pia mater cranialis (en-

14

Cervical enlargement. Intumescentia cervi-

1

cephali). Delicate meninx bearing blood vessels

calis. Enlargement of the spinal cord from C3 to

and covering the surface of the brain as well as

T2 owing to the larger supply region for the

2

extending into its sulci.

arms. D

2

Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle. Tela 15

Lumbosacral

enlargement.

Intumescentia

choroidea ventriculi quarti. Thin membrane of

lumbosacralis. Expansion of the spinal cord

3

pia mater and ependyma in lower part of roof

from T9−10 to L1−2 caused by the greater

of fourth ventricle. It is attached laterally to the

supply region for the lower limbs. D

4

tenia and exhibits lateral and median aper-

16

Conus medullaris. Tapered termination of the

tures. B

spinal cord at the level of L1−2 where it be-

5

3

Choroid

plexus

of

fourth

ventricle. Plexus

comes continuous with the filum terminale. D

choroideus ventriculi quarti. Paired garland-

17

Filum terminale (spinale). Thin terminal pro-

like, ependyma-covered villous projections

longation of spinal cord attached inferiorly to

6

which extend into both lateral apertures. B

the posterior surface of the coccyx. D E

4 Tela choroidea

of

third

ventricle.

Tela

18

Terminal ventricle. Ventriculus terminalis. En-

7

choroidea ventriculi

tertii. Thin,

ependyma-

largement of the central canal at the end of the

covered membrane of pia mater between right

conus medullaris. E

and left teniae of thalamus. C

19

Anterior median fissure. Fissura mediana

8

5

Choroid plexus of third ventricle. Plexus

anterior. Deep longitudinal fissure along the

choroideus ventricul tertii. Paired, highly

anterior aspect of the spinal cord. F

9

vascularized villous formations projecting from

20

Posterior

median

sulcus. Sulcus

medianus

the thin roof into the third ventricle and con-

posterior. Median longitudinal groove between

tinuing anteriorly through the interventricular

the right and left posterior funiculi. F

10

foramina into the choroid plexuses of the

21

Posterior

median

septum.

Septum

medi-

6

lateral ventricles. C

ventricle. Plexus

anum posterius.

Thickening

of

the

sub-

11

Choroid

plexus

of

lateral

arachnoid connective tissue within the poste-

choroideus ventriculi lateralis. Villous, highly

rior median sulcus, less in the cervical region,

vascularized garland invaginated into

the

more in the thoracic segment. F

12

lateral ventricle through the choroid fissure. It

22

Anterolateral

sulcus. Sulcus

anterolateralis.

extends from the interventricular foramen to

Shallow furrow occasionally present at the exit

the inferior horn. C

13

of the ventral root fibers. F

7

Choroid

glomus.

Glomus

choroideum.

23 Posterolateral sulcus. Sulcus posterolateralis.

Enlargement of the choroid plexus in the region

14

Longitudinal groove external to the boundary

of the collateral trigone at the root of the infe-

between the lateral and posterior funiculi. It

rior horn. C

marks the

site

of

entry of the dorsal spinal

15

8 Spinal pia mater. Pia mater spinalis. Vascu-

nerve roots. F

larized

connective tissue membrane firmly

24 Posterior intermediate sulcus. Sulcus inter-

united to the surface of the spinal cord. A

16

medius posterior. Shallow longitudinal fissure

9

Denticulate ligament. Lig. denticulatum. Fron-

on both sides of the median sulcus. Externally it

tally situated connective tissue membrane con-

marks the boundary between the funiculi

17

necting the spinal cord with the spinal dura

gracilis and cuneatus. F

mater. It has bow shaped recesses at the level of

the spinal nerve roots. A

274

Spinal cord

Funiculi of spinal cord. Funiculi medullae spi-

14

White matter. Substantia alba. Consists of my-

1

1

nalis. Three columns of white matter seg-

elinated nerves and is organized into three

mented by the posterior and anterior horns and

cords (funiculi) which contain the nerve path-

2

their root fibers.

ways. A

2

Anterior funiculus. Funiculus anterior. Con-

15

Substantia gelatinosa centralis. A narrow zone

3

duction bundle located between the anterior

around the central canal with processes from

median fissure and the anterior horn with its

ependymal cells.

4

root fibers. A

16

GRAY COLUMNS. Columnae griseae. Three

3

Lateral funiculus. Funiculus lateralis. Conduc-

ridge-like columns of gray matter. B

tion bundle located lateral to the gray matter

17

Anterior column. Columna anterior. It is com-

5

and between the posterior and anterior spinal

prised predominantly of motor neurons (ante-

nerve roots. A

rior horn cells). B

6

4

Posterior funiculus. Funiculus posterior. Post-

18

Anterior horn. Cornu anterius. Hook-shaped

erior column situated between the posterior

structure seen in transverse section of the spi-

horn with its root fibers and the posterior me-

nal cord. D

7

dian septum. A

19

Anterolateral nucleus. Nucleus anterolater-

5 Segments of spinal cord. Segmenta medullae

alis. Situated anterolaterally in the anterior

8

spinalis. Here, the spinal cord segments are de-

horn, it is localized in segments C4−8 and L2−

fined as regions where root fibers pass through

S1 and innervates the muscles of the limbs. D

9

a specific intervertebral foramen. The boundar-

20

Anteromedial

nucleus. Nucleus anterome-

ies are not determinable in the isolated spinal

dialis. From its anteromedial position in the

cord.

anterior horn, it extends the entire length of the

10

6

Cervical segment. Segmenta cervicalia [1−8] =

spinal cord. D

pars cervicalis. Eight cervical segments repre-

21

Posterolateral nucleus. Nucleus posterolater-

sent the seven cervical vertebrae because the

11

alis. It lies posterior to the anterolateral nucleus

root fibers of segments 1−7 exit above the

in segments C5−T1 and L2−S2 and innervates

vertebrae of the same number. Root fibers of

the muscles of the limbs. D

12

the 8th cervical segment, on the other hand, exit

22

Retroposterolateral nucleus. Nucleus retro-

below C7. The cervical portion of the spinal

posterolateralis. It lies posterior to the post-

cord extends from the atlas to the middle of C7.

13

erolateral nucleus in segments C8−T1 and S1−3.

C

7

Thoracic segment. Segmenta thoracica [1−12]

D

14

23

Posteromedial

nucleus. Nucleus posterome-

= pars thoracica. The 12 segments comprising

dialis. From the vicinity of the white matter, it

this group extend from the middle of C7 to the

extends over segments T1−L3 and probably in-

15

middle of T11. C

nervates the trunk musculature. D

8

Lumbar segment. Segmental lumbaria [1−5] =

24

Central nucleus. Nucleus centralis. A less

pars lumbaris. Comprised of five segments; it

16

prominent group in several cervical and lumbar

extends from the middle of the body of T11 to

the upper border of the body of L1. C

segments. D

25 Nucleus of accessory nerve. Nucleus nervi ac-

17

9

Sacral segment. Segmenta sacralia [1−5]

=

cessorii (nuc. accessorius). It lies in segments

pars sacralis. These five sacral segments

lie

C1−6 in the area of the anterolateral nucleus

posterior to the body of L1. C

18

and provides the root fibers of the spinal por-

10

Coccygeal segment. Segmenta coccygea [1−3]

tion of the accessory nerve. D

= pars coccygea. Three quite small segments. C

26

Nucleus of phrenic nerve. Nucleus nervi

19

11

SPINAL CORD SECTIONS. Sectiones medullae

phrenici (nuc. phrenicus). It lies in the middle

20

spinalis. These serve mostly as a foundation for

of the anterior horn and extends from seg-

description of the following parts.

ments C4−C7. D

276

Posterior column. Columna posterior. It is

18 Anterior white commissure. Commissura alba

1

1

composed primarily of sensory neurons. B

anterior. White matter with fibers crossing be-

2 Posterior horn. Cornu posterius. Hook-shaped

tween the central intermediate gray matter and

2

the anterior median commissure. C

structure seen in transverse section of the spi-

nal cord. A

18 a Posterior

white

commissure.

Commissura

3

3

Apex. Apical cap of posterior horn consisting of

alba posterior. Individual fibers crossing into

large nerve cells ventral to the substantia gelat-

the posterior gray commissure.

4

inosa. A C

19 Anterior funiculus. Funiculus anterior. Mass of

4

Head. Caput. Thickened middle part of poste-

white matter between anterior root fibers,

rior horn in the lower cervical and thoracic spi-

anterior horn and anterior median fissure. A C

20

Anterior

fasciculi

proprii. Fasciculi proprii

5

nal cord. A

5 Cervix. Thinner segment of posterior horn be-

anteriores. Lying directly on the gray matter,

these bundles comprise longer

and shorter

6

tween the head and base. A

fibers involved in connecting individual sem-

6

Base. Basis. Broadened attachment of the post-

gents of the spinal cord with one another. Re-

erior horn to the middle part of the gray matter.

7

flex apparatus. C

A

21

Sulcomarginal fasciculus. Fasciculus sulcom-

7 Substantia gelatinosa. Mobile, slightly glassy

arginalis. Fibers of the reflex apparatus located

8

substance above the apex of the posterior horn.

at the anterior median fissure.

It consists primarily of glia and small ganglion

22 Anterior corticospinal (pyramidal) tract. Trac-

cells. A C

9

tus corticospinalis (pyramidalis) anterior. Un-

8 Secondary

visceral

substance.

Substantia

crossed portion of pyramidal tract lateral to the

visceralis secundaria. Small field of autonomic

anterior median fissure. C

10

ganglion cells anterior to the central interme-

23

Vestibulospinal tract. Tractus

vestibulospi-

diate substance. A

nalis. Fibers in the anterior funiculus for im-

9 Lateral column. Columna lateralis. Gray matter

11

pulses from the vestibular organ. C

between the anterior and posterior horns. B

24

Reticulospinal tract. Tractus reticulospinalis.

10 Lateral horn. Cornu laterale. Lateral promi-

12

Arising from the reticular formation of the

nence of gray matter. A

brain stem, it forms a nondefinable tract in the

11

Interomediolateral

(autonomic)

column.

middle of the anterior funiculus and ends in the

13

Columna

intermediolateralis (autonomica).

anterior horn. C

Structure seen as the lateral horn in transverse

25

Anterior spinothalamic tract. Tractus sphino-

14

section. It

contains

cells of the sympathetic

thalamicus anterior. Fibers ascending to the

nervous system and extends from T1−L2. A B

thalamus for pressure and tactile sensation. C

15

12 Central intermediate gray matter. Substantia

26

Lateral funiculus. Funiculus lateralis. It lies be-

[grisea] intermedia centralis. Ganglion cells at

tween the anterior and posterior horns together

the central canal. A C

with their root fibers. A C

16

13

Lateral intermediate gray matter. Substantia

27

Lateral fasciculi proprii. Fasciculi proprii later-

[grisea] intermedia lateralis. Part of the sympa-

ales. Shorter fibers on the gray matter for con-

thetic nervous system in the lateral horn. It ex-

nection with individual spinal cord segments. C

17

tends from T1−L2. A C

28

Lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract. Trac-

14

Thoracic column. Columna thoracica (nuc.

tus corticospinalis [pyramidalis] lateralis. Sit-

18

thoracicus) [[Stilling-Clarke]]. It lies at the base

uated in front of the posterior horn. It transmits

of the posterior horn and usually extends from

conscious motor impulses. C

19

C8−L2. It belongs partly to the posterior

29

Rubrospinal tract. Tractus

rubrospinalis

spinocerebellar tract. A C

[[Monakow]]. It passes from the red nucleus to

15 Sacral parasympathetic nuclei. Nuclei para-

the anterior horn cells and lies in front of the

20

sympathici sacrales. Cells of the sacral para-

lateral corticospinal tract. C

symphathetic nervous system in segments S2−

30

Bulboreticulospinal tract. Tractus bulboreticu-

21

4 situated between the anterior and posterior

lospinalis. A tract the existence of which is con-

horns.

troversial in man.

22

16 Reticular formation. Formatio reticularis. Net-

31

Pontoreticulospinal tract. Tractus pontoreticu-

like mixture of gray and white matter in the

lospinalis. Likewise, a controversial tract in man.

angle between the lateral and posterior horns.

32 Tectospinal tract. Tractus tectospinalis. Fibers

A C

23

in the anterolateral region of the anterior

16 a

Anterior/posterior gray commissure. Com-

funiculus from the tectal lamina. They cross

24

missura grisea anterior/posterior. Gray matter

into the brain stem and terminate in the ante-

situated in front of and behind the central

rior horns. C

canal. C

33 Olivospinal tract. Tractus olivospinalis. Present

25

17

WHITE MATTER. Substantia alba. It consists pri-

only in the cervical cord, its fibers pass from the

marily of myelinated nerve fibers.

olive region to the anterior root fibers. C