Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

262

Lymphatic system

1

Abdomen − parietal lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

16

[Anulus lymphaticus cardiae]. Lymphatic ring

1

phatici parietales. Lymph nodes in the abdom-

occasionally present around the cardia of the

inal wall.

stomach. C

2

17

2

Left lumbar lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

Gastro-omental lymph nodes [right and left].

lumbales (lumbares) sinistri. Nodes situated

Nodi lymphatici gastro-omentales [dextri/sin-

3

along the abdominal aorta. They mainly serve

istri]. Nodes located along the course of the

as secondary filter stations for lymph nodes lo-

right and left gastro-omental arteries at the

cated further below, but also as primary filter

greater curvature of the stomach. Their affer-

4

stations for the suprarenal gland, kidney, ure-

ents receive lymph from the stomach and the

ter, testis, ovary, uterine tubes, fundus of uterus

greater omentum and their efferents convey

and abdominal wall. Efferents: primarily into

lymph along the right side to the lymph nodes

5

the lumbar trunk. They can be divided into the

of the liver and along the left side to the lymph

following three groups.

nodes of the spleen and pancreas. C

6

3

Lateral aortic lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

18

Pyloric lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici pylorici.

aortici laterales. Group on the left side of the

Situated around the pylorus. Their efferents

aorta. A

drain into the hepatic or celiac lymph nodes.

preaortici. Group situated in front of the aorta. A

Node situated above the pylorus. C

8

20

Subpyloric nodes. [Nodi subpylorici]. Nodes

5

Postaortic lymph

nodes. Nodi lymphatici

situated caudal to the pylorus. C

postaortici. This group lies between the aorta

9

and vertebral column. A

21

Retropyloric

nodes.

[Nodi

retropylorici].

6 Intermediate lumbar lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

Group of nodes located dorsal to the pylorus. C

22

Pancreatic lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici pan-

10

phatici lumbales (lumbares) intermedii. Group

situated between the aorta and inferior vena

creatici. Situated along the upper and lower

cava. They function as described in 2−A

margins of the pancreas. Their efferent vessels

11

7

Right lumbar lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

convey lymph to the

splenic

lymph

nodes,

mesenteric

lymph nodes and pancreati-

lumbales (lumbares) dextri. Group situated

coduodenal lymph nodes.

12

along the inferior vena cava. They function as de-

23

Superior pancreatic lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

scribed in (2) and are subdivided into the follow-

ing three groups.

phatici pancreatici superiores. Group of nodes

13

located along the upper margin of the pancreas.

8

Lateral caval lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

A C

cavales laterales. Nodes on the right side of the

14

24

Inferior pancreatic lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

inferior vena cava. A

phatici pancreatici inferiores. Group of nodes lo-

9

Precaval lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici pre-

cated along the lower margin of the pancreas. A C

15

cavales.Nodessituatedinfrontofthevenacava.A

25

Splenic (lienal) lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

10

Postcaval lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

splenici (lienales). Nodes near the hilum of the

16

postcavales. Nodes

located behind the vena

spleen that convey their lymph to the celiac

cava. A

lymph nodes. A C

17

11

Inferior phrenic lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

26

Pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

phrenici inferiores. Nodes situated along the

phatici pancreaticoduodenales. Small nodes be-

inferior surface of the diaphragm near the aor-

tween the pancreas and duodenum. Afferent re-

18

tic opening. A C

gions: duodenum and pancreas.

12

Inferior epigastric lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

27

Superior

pancreaticoduodenal

lymph

19

phatici epigastrici inferiores. Three or four

nodes. Nodi lymphatici pancreaticoduodenales

nodes along the inferior epigastric artery that

superiores. Cranially situated group of nodes.

20

receive lymph from its supply area. B

Efferents: hepatic nodes. C

13

Visceral nodes. Abdomen − nodi lymphatici

28

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes.

viscerales. Lymph nodes of the abdominal

Nodi lymphatici pancreaticoduodenales inferi-

21

viscera.

ores. Caudal group of lymph nodes. Efferents:

14 Celiac lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici coeliaci.

mesenteric lymph nodes. C

29

Hepatic lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici hepat-

22

Nodes situated the celiac trunk. They form the

secondary filter station for the stomach,

ici. Nodes situated near the hilum of the liver and

duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and

in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Their lymph is

23

spleen.Efferents:someformtheintestinaltrunk,

taken partly from the liver, partly from adjacent

some pass directly into the cisterna chyli. A C

lymph nodes and transported to the celiac

24

15 Gastric lymph nodes [right and left].Nodilym-

lymph nodes.

30

Cystic node. Nodus cysticus. Larger lymph node

phatici gastrici [dextri/sinistri]. From the lesser

curvature of the stomach, they follow the course

near the neck of the gallbladder. C

25

of the right and left gastric arteries. Afferent re-

31

Foraminal node. Nodus foraminalis. Larger

gion: stomach. Efferents: celiac lymph nodes. C

lymph node near the epiploic foramen. C

Lymphatic system

263

11

1

14

23

25

2

9

3

6

4

4

24

5

10

3

6

7

8

5

8

12

9

9

10

11

12

B Anterior abdominal wall from behind

13

A Deep lymph nodes at abdominal cavity

14

15

16

16

17

11

25

18

15

14

23

19

20

30

21

31

21

19

20

24

22

27

23

28

17

C

Lymph nodes in

24

264

Lymphatic system

Mesenteric lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

15

Common iliac lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

1

1

mesenterici. Numerous (100−150) lymph nodes

iliaci communes. Group of nodes situated

important for the prevention of lipidemia. Their

along the internal iliac vein. They serve as the

2

efferent vessels drain lymph via the celiac lymph

second station for the lymph nodes of the

nodes.

pelvic organs, (= pelvic), interior pelvic wall,

3

2

Juxtaintestinal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

abdominal wall up to the navel, hip muscles,

and gluteal muscles. Efferents: lumbar lymph

juxtaintestinales.

Subgroup

of

mesenteric

nodes and lumbar trunk. Individually, the fol-

lymph nodes located close to the small intestine.

4

lowing subgroups are distinguished.

3

Superior [central] lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

16

Medial common iliac lymph nodes. Nodi

5

phatici superiores [centrales]. Subgroup of

lymphatici iliaci communes mediales. Sub-

mesenteric lymph nodes located near the stem

group situated medial to the vascular cord. B

6

of the superior mesenteric artery. A

17

Intermediate common iliac lymph nodes.

4

Ileocolic lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici ileo-

Nodi lymphatici iliaci communes intermedii.

colici. Group of nodes situated along the ileocolic

Subgroup

situated between the medial and

lateral groups behind the vascular cord. B

7

artery. Efferents: celiac lymph nodes. A

18

Lateral common iliac lymph nodes. Nodi

5

Prececal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici precae-

lymphatici iliaci communes laterales. Sub-

8

cales. Nodes situated along the anterior cecal

group located lateral to the vascular cord. B

artery. A

19

Subaortic common iliac lymph nodes. Nodi

9

6

Retrocecal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici ret-

lymphatici iliaci communes subaortici. Sub-

rocaecales. They situated along the posterior

group located caudal to the aortic bifurcation

10

cecal artery. A

in front of L4. B

7

Appendicular lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

20

Promontory common iliac lymph nodes.

Nodi lymphatici iliaci communes promontorii.

11

appendiculares. Nodes situated along the ap-

Subgroup situated in front of the promontory. B

pendicular artery. They are absent in 33−50% of

12

cases. A

21

External iliac lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici il-

8 Mesocolic lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici me-

iaci externi. Group of nodes located along the

external iliac vessels. They are the first lymph

socolici. Nodes for the greater part of the colon.

station for a part of the urinary bladder and

13

Predominantly located in the mesocolon. Their

vagina, and second lymph station for the ingui-

efferents convey

lymph to the

celiac lymph

nal lymph nodes. Efferents: common iliac

14

nodes.

lymph nodes. They are divided into the follow-

9

Paracolic lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici para-

ing groups.

22

Medial external iliac lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

15

colici. Subgroup of mesocolic lymph nodes lo-

cated along the colon. A

phatici iliaci externi mediales. Group located

16

10

Right/middle/left colic lymph nodes. Nodi

medial to the vascular cord. B

23

Intermediate external iliac lymph nodes.

lymphatici colici

[dextri/medii/sinistri]. Sub-

Nodi lymphatici iliaci externi intermedii. Group

group of mesocolic lymph nodes situated along

located between the lateral and medial groups

17

the stems of the right, middle and left colic ar-

and behind the artery. B

teries. A

18

24

Lateral external iliac lymph nodes. Nodi

11

Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

lymphatici

iliaci externi

laterales. Group lo-

phatici mesenterici inferiores. Nodes located

cated lateral to the vascular bundle. B

19

along the inferior mesenteric artery. Afferent

25

Medial lacunar node. [Nodus lacunaris medi-

areas: part of the descending colon, sigmoid

and part of the rectum. Efferents: pre-aortic

alis]. Node situated in the vascular lacuna me-

dial to the vascular cord. B

20

lymph nodes at the level of the inferior mesen-

26

Intermediate lacunar node. [Nodus lacunaris

teric artery. A

21

12

Sigmoid lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici sig-

intermedius]. When present, it lies in the

middle of the vascular lacuna. B

moidei. Nodes

located along

the sigmoid

27

Lateral lacunar node. [Nodus lacunaris later-

artery. They drain the sigmoid and the adjoin-

22

alis]. Node situated laterally in the vascular

ing segment of colon. A

13

Superior rectal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphat-

lacuna. B

23

28

Interiliac

external iliac

lymph nodes. Nodi

ici rectales superiores. Nodes

located along

lymphatici

iliaci externi

interiliaci. Lymph

the superior rectal artery for drainage of the

nodes in the bifurcation between the internal

24

rectum. A

and external iliac arteries. B

14

Parietal nodes of pelvis. Pelvis − nodi lym-

29

Obturator external iliac lymph nodes. Nodi

25

phatici parietales. Lymph nodes along the

lymphatici iliaci externi obturatorii. Group lo-

wall of pelvis.

cated at the obturator artery. B

266

Lymphatic system

1 Internal iliac lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici ili-

17

Inferior lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici inferi-

1

aci interni. Located along the internal iliac

ores. Group arranged along a vertical line at the

artery; they drain the pelvic organs, the deep

proximal end of the great saphenous vein. They

2

perineal region and both the external and inter-

drain the superficial lymphatic vessels of the

nal walls of the pelvis. Their efferents com-

leg. B

3

municate with the common iliac lymph nodes.

18 Deep inguinal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

2

Superior gluteal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphat-

inguinales profundi. Positioned below the fas-

ici gluteales superiores. Nodes for the pelvic

cia lata at the level of the saphenous hiatus. The

4

wall located at the superior gluteal artery. A

uppermost node can be especially large and

3

Inferior gluteal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphat-

may occupy the femoral canal (Rosenmüller’s

node). Afferent region: deep lymphatic vessels

5

ici gluteales inferiores. Nodes for the prostate

of the leg. Efferents: external iliac lymph nodes.

and proximal urethra are situated along the in-

B

ferior gluteal artery. A

6

19 Superficial popliteal lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

4

Sacral lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici sacrales.

phatici popliteales superficiales. They lie at the

7

Nodes for the prostate and cervix found along

proximal end of the small saphenous vein and

the sacrum. A

receive lymph from the lateral margin of the

5 Visceral nodes of pelvis. Pelvis − nodi lympha-

foot and calf. Their efferents pass anteriorly

8

tici viscerales.

through the hiatus tendineus into the deep in-

6

Perivesicular lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

guinal lymph nodes. C

20 Deep popliteal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

9

paravesiculares. Nodes for the urinary bladder

popliteales

profundi. Situated between the

and partly also for the prostate located along

knee joint

capsule and the popliteal artery.

the bladder. A

10

They receive lymph from the posterior side of

7

Prevesicular lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

the lower leg and their efferents convey it ante-

11

prevesiculares. Subgroup located between the

riorly through the hiatus tendineus to the deep

urinary bladder and symphysis. A

inguinal lymph nodes. C

8

Postvesicular lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

21 Anterior tibial node. [Nodus tibialis anterior].

12

postvesiculares. Subgroup behind the urinary

Lymph node occasionally present along the

bladder. A

anterior tibial artery.

9

Lateral vesicular lymph nodes. Nodi lym-

22

Posterior tibial node. [Nodus tibialis poste-

13

rior]. Lymph node occasionally present along

phatici vesiculares laterales. Nodes situated at

the lower end of the medial − formerly lateral −

the posterior tibial artery.

14

umbilical ligament. A

23 Fibular node. [Nodus fibularis]. Lymph node

10

Parauterine lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

occasionally present along the peroneal (fibu-

15

lar) artery.

parauterini. Nodes for the cervix uteri situated

beside the uterus. A

16

11

Paravaginal lymph nodes. Nodi lymphatici

paravaginales. Located beside the vagina; they

drain lymph from part of this organ. A

17

12

Pararectal (anorectal) lymph nodes. Nodi

lymphatici pararectales (anorectales). Located