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Brain 287

 

 

 

 

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A

Rhomboid fossa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nuclei of rhombencephalon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B

 

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23

 

 

 

 

28

 

medial view

 

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11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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31

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32

 

 

 

 

14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

34

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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22

C Rhomboid fossa D Cross section through rhomboid fossa 23 at level of lateral recess

24

25

288 Brain

1

1 Tegmen of fourth ventricle. Tegmen ventriculi

quarti. Roof of 4th ventricle. A

2 Superior medullary velum. Velum medullare

2superius. Lamina of white matter spread out be-

 

tween the right and left superior cerebellar

3

peduncles. It is fused with the lingula of the cere-

bellum. A

3 Frenulum of superior medullary velum. Frenulum

4

 

veli medullaris superioris. Band-like ridge from

 

 

the superior medullary velum to the tectal

5

 

lamina. A

4

Inferior medullary velum. Velum medullare in-

 

 

 

ferius. Plate of white matter in the upper part of

6

 

 

the lower roof of the rhomboid fossa. It is fused

 

 

with the peduncle of the flocculus and the

 

 

 

 

nodulus of the cerebellum. A

7

5

Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle [ventriculi

 

quarti]. Clear pia mater carrying the choroid

8plexus and stretched between the inferior medullary velum and tenia of the fourth ventricle. A

96 Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle. Plexus choroideus [ventriculi quarti]. Paired, garland-

10like ependyma-covered, highly vascularized tufted projection which extends into the two lateral apertures. A

117 Tenia of fourth ventricle. Taenia [ventriculi

 

quarti]. Ridge on lower portion of roof of rhom-

12

boid fossa. A

8Obex. Small bridge at lower end of rhomboid

13

fossa. A

 

9Median aperture of fourth ventricle [foramen

of Magendie]. Apertura mediana [ventriculi

14quarti] [Magendie]. Unpaired opening directly above the obex for passage of cerebrospinal fluid.

15A

10 Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle [foramen of Luschka]. Apertura lateralis [ventriculi quarti]

16[[Luschkae]]. Opening for passage of cerebrospinal fluid located at the end of the right and left

17lateral recesses. A

11CEREBELLUM. It is located above the rhomboid fossa.

1812 Folia of cerebellum. Folia cerebelli. Delicate cerebellar convolutions (gyri) separated by fissures.

19B

13Cerebellar fissure. Fissura cerebelli. Deeply branched furrow located between two cerebellar

20

folia. B

 

14 Vallecula. Deep median groove located inferiorly

21between the right and left halves of the cerebellum. It lodges the medulla oblongata. C

2215 Body of cerebellum. Corpus cerebelli. Entire

cerebellum except for the flocculonodular lobe.

16 Vermis of cerebellum. Vermis cerebelli. Phylo-

23 genetically older, unpaired segment of the cerebellum. B

24 17 Cerebellar hemisphere. Hemisphaerium cerebelli. Either of the two halves of the cerebellum. C

2518 Anterior lobe of cerebellum. Lobus anterior cerebelli. Region cranial to primary fissure. B D

19Lingula. Unpaired part of vermis fused with the superior medullary velum. It belongs to the archeocerebellum. C D

20Central lobule. Lobulus centralis. It lies over the lingula and is continuous on both sides with the ala of the central lobule. C D

21Culmen. Segment of vermis between the central lobule and primary fissure. B C D

22Ala of central lobule. Ala lobuli centralis. Lateral extension of central lobule for connection with the cerebellar hemispheres. B C D

23Quadrangular lobule. Lobulus quadrangularis (pars anterior). Part attaching laterally to the declive. B C D

24Primary fissure. Fissura prima. Identation between the quadrangular and simplex lobules. B D

25Posterior lobe of cerebellum. Lobus posterior cerebelli. Region located between the primary and dorsolateral fissures. D

26Declive. Part of vermis declining posteriorly from the culmen. B D

27Folium of vermis. Narrow midline connection between the left and right superior semilunar lobules. B D

28Tuber of vermis. Median connection between the right and left inferior semilunar lobules. B C D

29Pyramid of vermis. Pyramis vermis. Segment situated between the right and left biventral lobules. C D

30Secondary (postpyramidal) fissure. Fissura secunda. Fissure between the pyramid and uvula of the vermis. C D

31Uvula vermis. Part of the vermis lying between the cerebellar tonsils. C D

32Lobulus simplex (lobulus quadrangularis) (pars inferoposterior). Portion located between the quadrangular and superior semilunar lobules. B C D

33Superior semilunar lobule. Lobulus semilunaris superior. Part situated between the inferior semilunar lobule and lobulus simplex. B C D

34Horizontal fissure. Fissura horizontalis. Deep groove between the superior and caudal semilunar lobules. B C D

35Inferior semilunar lobule. Lobulus semilunaris inferior. Part of the cerebellum located between the superior semilunar and biventral lobules. B C D

36Gracile (paramedian lobule). Lobulus gracilis (l. paramedianus). It is located between the caudal semilunar and biventral lobules. D

37Biventral lobule. Lobulus biventer. It lies between the paramedian lobule and cerebellar tonsil. C D

38Tonsil of cerebellum. Tonsilla cerebelli. Small bean-shaped portion of the hemisphere lateral to the uvula. C D

39Posterolateral fissure. Fissura posterolateralis. Furrow separating the nodulus and flocculus on one side and the cerebellar tonsil and biventral lobe on the other. C D

Brain 289

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8 10

A Roof of rhomboid fossa

 

21

 

 

 

 

 

17

20

 

19

22

 

31

29 38

30

14

28

C Cerebellum from below

 

 

 

21

22

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23

 

13

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24

18

26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

27

35

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

34

 

 

 

28

 

 

 

 

 

Cerebellum from above

 

 

B

 

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32

 

 

 

 

 

 

33

 

 

 

 

 

 

35

34

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19

 

 

39

 

 

22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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18

 

23

 

 

 

 

 

 

21

 

24

32

 

26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

33

 

27

 

 

35

 

28

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

36

 

29

 

 

 

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37

 

 

 

 

31

 

 

38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

39

D Cerebellum, schematic

2

3

4

5

6

7

32

8

339

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290

Brain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 Flocculonodular lobe. Lobus flocculonodularis.

19 Hilum of dentate nucleus. Hilum nuclei dentati.

1

 

 

 

 

 

Small archicerebellar portion of the cerebellum

 

Opening of dentate nucleus from which

 

 

 

 

located caudal to the dorsolateral fissure.

 

emerges most of the superior cerebellar

2

 

2

Nodulus. Medial protuberance of the vermis

 

peduncle. C

 

 

20

Emboliform nucleus. Nucleus emboliformis. It

 

 

 

 

united with the flocculus by the peduncles. E

3

 

3

Flocculus. Claw-like portion of the cerebellum

 

is found just in front of the hilum of the dentate

 

 

nucleus. C

 

 

 

 

 

 

between the inferior cerebellar peduncle and

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21

Globose nucleus. Nucleus globosus. It lies me-

4

 

 

 

biventral lobule. E

 

 

 

 

4 Peduncle of flocculus. Pedunculus floccularis.

 

dial to the dentate nucleus. C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22

Fastigial nucleus. Nucleus fastigii. The most

5

 

 

 

Band of nerve fibers connecting the flocculus to

 

 

 

the nodulus. Part of it extends into the inferior

 

medial of the deep cerebellar nuclei. C

6

 

 

 

medullary velum. E

 

 

23 Cerebellar peduncles. Pedunculi cerebellares.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

Paraflocculus. In humans, a small insignificant

 

Fibers that provide connections to and from the

 

 

 

 

part of the caudal lobe of the cerebellum that

 

cerebellum.

 

7

 

 

 

communicates with the flocculus.

 

24

Inferior

cerebellar peduncle

(restiform

 

 

6

Archicerebellum. Archaeocerebellum. Phylo-

 

body). Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior. Infe-

8

 

 

 

genetically the oldest part of the cerebellum; it

 

rior connection to the cerebellum formed by

 

 

 

 

fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar tract and

 

 

 

 

consists of the lingula and the flocculonodular

 

9

 

 

 

lobe. A

 

 

 

 

olive. E F

 

 

 

 

7 Paleocerebellum. An old part of the cerebel-

25 Middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pon-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

lum consisting of the central lobule, culmen,

 

tis). Pedunculus cerebellaris medius (pon-

10

 

 

 

pyramid, uvula, ala of the central lobule and

 

tinus). Large peduncle containing fibers origi-

 

 

 

 

quadrangular lobule. A

 

 

 

nating from the pontocerebellar tract. E F

11

 

8

Neocerebellum. Phylogenetically young por-

26 Superior

cerebellar peduncle

(brachium

 

 

 

 

tion of the cerebellum; it comprises the declive,

 

conjunctivum). Pedunculus cerebellaris su-

 

 

 

 

 

perior. Superior, paired (right and left) connect-

12

 

 

 

folium, tuber, lobulus simplex, cranial and

 

 

 

 

 

ing fibers extending from the cerebellum to the

 

 

 

caudal semilunar lobules, paramedian lobule

 

 

 

 

 

and tonsil. A

 

 

 

brain stem. The superior medullary velum ex-

13

 

 

 

 

 

 

tends between them. E F

 

 

9

CEREBELLAR SECTIONS. Sectiones cerebellares.

 

 

 

27 MIDBRAIN. Mesencephalon. It consists of cere-

 

 

 

 

Anatomical subdivisions of the cerebellum.

14

 

 

 

 

bral crura, tegmentum and quadrigeminal plate

 

10

Arbor vitae [cerebelli]. Treelike pattern of the

 

 

 

(tectal lamina).

 

 

 

 

 

white matter seen in prepared sections of the

28 Cerebral peduncle. Pedunculus cerebri (cere-

15

 

 

 

cerebellum. C

 

 

 

bralis). It comprises the cerebral crura and the

 

11

Medullary body. Corpus medullare. White

 

 

 

 

tegmentum and extends up to cerebral aque-

16

 

 

 

matter consisting of myelinated fibers. C

 

duct. D

 

 

 

12

White laminae. Laminae albae. White matter

29 Anterior part (cerebral crus, basis pedunculi).

 

 

 

 

17

 

 

 

extending

into the folia

from the

medullary

 

Part anterior (crus cerebri). It consists of the

 

 

 

body. C

 

 

 

 

previously mentioned cerebral crura. D

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13 Cerebellar cortex. Cortex cerebellaris. Superfi-

30

Part posterior. Posterior part of cerebral

18

 

 

 

cial gray matter of the cerebellum, about 1 mm

 

peduncle or tegmentum. See p. 292.10 D

 

 

 

 

thick, that consists pirmarily of nerve cells. B C

31 Oculomotor sulcus. Sulcus oculomotorius. Fur-

19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14

Molecular

(plexiform)

layer.

Stratum

 

row on the medial surface of the cerebral crus,

 

 

 

 

moleculare (plexiforme). External cortical layer

 

exit site of the oculomotor nerve. D

20

 

 

 

rich in dendrites and axons, poor in cell bodies.

32

Interpeduncular fossa. Fossa interpeduncu-

 

 

 

 

The nuclei of the Purkinje cells are found at its

 

laris. Fossa situated between the cerebral crura.

 

 

 

 

border with the granular layer.

 

 

21

 

 

 

 

 

D

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15

Purkinje cell layer. Stratum neurium piri-

33

Interpeduncular (posterior) perforated sub-

 

 

 

 

formium. The layer in which the perikarya of

 

stance. Substantia perforata interpeduncularis

22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the Purkinje cells are located. B

 

 

[posterior]. Perforated floor of interpeduncular

 

16

Stratum granulosum. Internal nuclear layer

 

fossa produced by openings for numerous ves-

23

 

 

 

containing numerous closely packed small

 

sels. D

 

 

 

 

 

 

neurons. B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2417 Nuclei of cerebellum. Nuclei cerebellaris.

18 Dentate nucleus. Nucleus dentatus. Large

25cerebellar nucleus located in the medullary body and resembling a folded pouch. C

Brain 291

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7

8

7

6

A Cerebellum, schematic

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

22 21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13

 

 

 

 

11

 

 

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

19 18

14

15 13

16

B Layers of cerebellar cortex

30

28

 

 

33

 

 

29

32

 

 

 

31

 

 

 

 

 

D Section through midbrain

1

2

3

4

5

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8

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10

11

12

13

14

15

 

10

 

 

16

 

10

 

 

 

C Horizontal section through cerebellum

 

 

17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18

 

 

 

26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25

19

 

 

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

26

 

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

21

 

2

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

24

E

F

 

 

Cerebellar peduncles

Cerebellum from below

25

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