Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

150

Respiratory system

BRONCHOPULMONARY

SEGMENTS. Segmenta

19

Superior lingular segment (S IV). Segmen-

1

1

bronchopulmonalia. Lung segments supplied by

tum lingulare superius. It lies predominantly

individual bronchi and arteries and separated by

on the inferior lingular segment. B

2

veins and connective tissue septa. A B

20

Inferior lingular segment (S V). Segmentum

2 Upper lobe of right lung. (According to Dor-

lingulare inferius. It lies between the superior

3

land’s lobus superior pulmonis dextri). Pulmo

lingular segment and the oblique fissure. B

dexter, lobus superior. A

21 Lower lobe of left lung. (Lobus inferior pul-

3 Apical segment of upper lobe of right lung.

4

monis sinistri). Pulmo sinister, lobus inferior

Segmentum apicale (S

I). It is inserted like a

B

wedge between the anterior and posterior seg-

22

Superior segment (S VI).

Segmentum su-

5

ments. A

perius. Apical portion of lower lobe situated

4

Posterior segment of upper lobe of right

posterosuperiorly near the vertebral column.

lung. Segmentum posterius (S II). It lies be-

B

6

tween the apical segment and the lower lobe. A

23

Subapical segment. [[Segmentum subapi-

5

Anterior segment of upper lobe of right

cale]]. Accessory segment occasionally pre-

7

lung. Segmentum anterius (S III). It lies be-

sent below the superior segment of the lower

tween the apical segment and the middle lobe. A

lobe.

8

6

Middle lobe of right lung. (Lobus medius pul-

24

Medial basal (cardiac) segment (S VII). Seg-

monis dextri). Pulmo dexter, lobus medius. A

mentum basale mediale (cardiacum). It is

9

7

Lateral segment of middle lobe. Segmentum

often an inseparable part

of the anterior

laterale (S IV). It occupies the dorsal portion

basal segment. B

of the middle lobe and does not

reach the

25

Anterior basal segment (S

VIII). Segmentum

10

hilum. A

basale anterius. It lies between the oblique

8

Medial segment of middle lobe. Segmentum

fissure and the lateral basal segment. B

11

mediale (S V). It forms the medial and dia-

26

Lateral basal segment (S

IX). Segmentum

phragmatic surfaces of the middle lobe. A

basale laterale. It lies between the anterior

12

9

Lower lobe of right lung. (Lobus inferior pul-

and posterior basal segments. B

monis dextri). Pulmo dexter, lobus inferior. A

27

Posterior basal segment (S X). Segmentum

10

Superior segment.

Segmentum

superius

basale posterius. It lies beside the vertebral

13

(S VI). Posterosuperiorly situated apical por-

column below the superior segment of the

tion of lower lobe. A

lower lobe. B

18

lobe and diaphragm. A

152

Respiratory system

Bronchioles.

Bronchioli.

Noncartilaginous

16

Mediastinal part of parietal pleura (mediastinal

1

1

segments of the respiratory tree directly fol-

pleura). Pars mediastinalis. Portion of the

lowing the bronchi. They are lined initially by

parietal pleura lining the mediastinum. B C

2

pseudostratified,

ciliated,

columnar

17

Costal part of parietal pleura (costal pleura). Pars

epithelium which is subsequently replaced by

costalis. It lines the ribs. B C

simple cuboidal epithelium. A

3

18

Diaphragmatic part of parietal pleura (diaphrag-

2

Respiratory bronchioles. Bronchioli respira-

matic pleura). Pars diaphragmatica. It covers

torii. Last bronchiolar segment the wall of

4

the diaphragm. B

which already consists partially of alveoli. A

19 Pleural recesses. Recessus pleurales. Fissure-

3

Alveolar ducts. Ductuli alveolares. Terminal

shaped spaces formed by the parietal pleura

5

branches of the respiratory bronchioles the

for reception of the lungs during inspiration.

walls of which contain only alveoli. A

20

Costodiaphragmatic recess. Recessus cos-

4

Alveolar sacs. Sacculi alveolares. Blind, ex-

6

todiaphragmaticus. Pleural recess

between

panded ends of the alveolar ducts. A

the descending sides of the diaphragm and

5 Pulmonary alveoli. Alveoli pulmonis. Small-

the lateral wall of the thorax. B

7

21

Costomediastinal recess. Recessus costome-

est outpocketings, 0.1−0.9 mm. in diameter,

the thin walls of which permit the exchange

diastinalis. Anterior pleural space between

8

of gases. A

the costal and mediastinal pleura; it is more

6

THORACIC

CAVITY.

Cavitas

thoracis

extensive on the left than on the right. C

9

22

Phrenicomediastinal

recess.

Recessus

(thoracica). Internal thoracic space enclosed

by the ribs and limited inferiorly by the dia-

phrenicomediastinalis. Pleural recess situated

10

phragm. B C

dorsally between the diaphragm and the me-

diastinum.

pulmonales. Regions connecting the pleura

23 Pulmonary ligament. Lig. pulmonale. Double

11

fold extending from the right and left sides of

and lungs.

8

Endothoracic

fascia.

Fascia

endothoracica.

the hilum, connecting the visceral and medi-

12

astinal pleura. Between both folds the lung

Displaceable layer of loose connective tissue

abuts against the mediastinal connective

between the parietal pleura and chest wall. B

tissue free of pleura. B. See also p. 149 B D

13

9

Suprapleural membrane. Membrana supra-

24

Mediastinum. Thoracic area between both

pleuralis [[Sibson]]. Thickened portion of the

pleural sacs. It extends from the anterior sur-

14

endothoracic

fascia

in the

region

of

the

face of the vertebral column to the posterior

pleural cupola. B

surface of the sternum and from the upper

10

Phrenicopleural fascia. Fascia phrenico-

thoracic aperture to the diaphragm. B

15

25 Superior mediastinum. Mediastinum su-

pleuralis. Portion of the endothoracic fascia

which connects the parietal pleura with the

perius. Portion of the mediastinum above the

16

diaphragm. B

heart. It contains the arch of the aorta to-

11

Pleural cavity. Cavitas pleuralis. Capillary fis-

gether with its branches, as well as the bra-

chiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, tra-

17

sure-like

space

between

the parietal

and

chea, esophagus, vagus nerves, thoracic duct,

visceral pleura containing a small amount of

thymus, etc. B

serous fluid. B C

18

26

Inferior mediastinum. Mediastinum inferius.

12

Pleura.

Serous

membrane

consisting

of

Collective term for the following three divi-

simple squamous epithelium and underlying

sions.

19

connective tissue. It comprises two portions

27 Anterior mediastinum. Mediastinum an-

(visceral and parietal pleura) which become

continuous at the hilum. The visceral (pulmo-

terius. Area between the pericardium and

20

nary) pleura covers the lungs whereas the

sternum. C

parietal pleura lines the chest wall, dia-

28

Middle mediastinum. Mediastinum medium.

21

phragm and mediastinum. B

Area occupied by the heart, pericardium and

13

Cupula (dome) of pleura. Cupula pleurae. It

phrenic nerves with their accompanying ves-

sels. C

22

covers the apex of the lung at the superior

29

Posterior mediastinum. Mediastinum post-

thoracic aperture and forms the boundary be-

tween the neck and thorax. B

erius. Area between the pericardium and the

23

14

Visceral (pulmonary) pleura. Pleura

viscer-

vertebral column. It contains the esophagus,

alis (pulmonalis). Portion

of

the pleura

that

vagus nerves, descending aorta, thoracic duct

and the azygos and hemiazygos veins. C

24

envelops the lung and passes into the inter-

lobar spaces. B C

154

Urogenital system

Apparatus urogenitalis

26

Renal cortex. Cortex renalis. About 6 mm

1

1

UROGENITAL SYSTEM.

(systema urogenitale).

Urinary and genital or-

thick, it consists of glomeruli and predomi-

gans.

nantly convoluted uriniferous tubules. With

2

2

URINARY ORGANS. Organa urinaria.

the renal columns, it extends up to the wall of

3 KIDNEY. Ren (nephros). A B F

the renal pelvis. F

3

27

Convoluted part (cortical labyrinth). Pars

4

Lateral margin. Margo lateralis. Convex lateral

convoluta. Cortical region consisting of glomer-

4

border of kidney. A

uli and convoluted uriniferous tubules. F

5

Medial margin. Margo medialis. Border of the

28

Radiating part (medullary rays). Pars radi-

kidney which becomes concave at the hilum. A

ata. Collecting tubules coursing radially into

5

6

Renal hilum. Hilum renale. Site of entry and

the cortex from the medulla. F

exit of renal blood vessels and ureter. A

29

Cortical lobules. Lobuli corticales. Areas

6

7

Renal sinus. Sinus renalis. Very concave cavity

delimited by interlobular arteries.

at the medial border for the renal hilum. B D

29 a

Medullary rays. Radii medullares. Consisting

8 Anterior surface. Facies anterior. Curved ante-

of pale collecting tubules which project into the

7

rior surface of the kidney. A D

cortex. F

9

Posterior surface. Facies posterior. Nearly flat

30

Renal medulla. Medulla renalis. Medullary

8

tissue in the shape of renal pyramids and con-

posterior surface of the kidney. D

10 Upper pole of kidney. Extremitas superior. A B

sisting of the straight portions of the urinifer-

ous tubules and the collecting ducts. F

9

11

Lower pole of kidney. Extremitas inferior. B

31

Renal pyramids. Pyramides renales. Six to 20

12 Renal fascia. Fascia renalis. Fibrous sheath that

pyramidal areas separated by renal columns.

10

separates the adipose capsule from the per-

They form the medullary substance. F

irenal fat. D

32

Base of pyramid. Basis pyramidis. It lies at the

11

13

Pararenal fatty body. Corpus adiposum para-

corticomedullary border. F

renale. Fat pad between the posterior layer of

33

Renal papillae. Papillae renales. Rounded apical

the renal fascia and the transversalis fascia. D

portion of the renal pyramid projecting into the

12

14 Fatty capsule. Capsula adiposa. Fatty capsule of

renal calyx. F

the kidney, more prominent posteriorly and

34

Area cribrosa. Surface of renal papillae with

13

medially. D

sieve-like perforations created by the openings

15 Fibrous capsule. Capsula fibrosa. Tough organ

of the uriniferous tubules. F

14

capsule fused with the surface of the kidney,

35

Papillary foramina. Foramina papillaria. Holes

but removable. D F

in the area cribrosa produced by the openings

15

16

Renal segments. Segmenta renalia. Five seg-

of the uriniferous tubules.

Renal columns. Columnae renales. Cortical

ments of the kidney corresponding to the blood

36

supply regions of the branches of the renal

substance which extends toward the hilum be-

16

artery.

tween the renal pyramids. F

17

Superior segment. Segm. superius. Upper seg-

37

Renal corpuscle. Corpusculum renale. Com-

17

ment extending up to the posterior surface. A B

posed of a glomerulus and its capsule; it lies in

18 Upper anterior segment. Segm. anterius su-

the convoluted part of the cortex. E

18

perius. A

38

Glomerulus. Capillary tuft within a renal cor-

19

Lower anterior segment. Segm. anterius in-

puscle. E

ferius. A

39

Glomerular [[Bowman’s]] capsule. Capsula

19

20 Inferior segment. Segm. inferius. It reaches as

glomerularis [[Bowman’s]]. The capsule around

far as the posterior and anterior surfaces. A B

a capillary

tuft (glomerulus) of

a

renal cor-

20

puscle. It

is continuous with

a

convoluted

21

Posterior segment. Segm. posterius. B

tubule. E

23

tubules. C