Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

140

Respiratory system

Cricoid cartilage. Cartilago cricoidea. Ring of

18

Triangular fovea. Fovea triangularis. Gland-

1

1

cartilage lying at the upper end of the trachea

filled depression above the oblong fovea. C

2

that articulates with the thyroid cartilage. A B D

19

Medial surface. Facies medialis. C

2

Arch of cricoid cartilage. Arcus cartilaginis cri-

20

Posterior surface. Facies posterior. C

coideae. Anterior and lateral parts of cricoid

21

Apex of arytenoid cartilage. Apex cartilaginis

3

cartilage. A B

arytenoideae. It

arches posteriorly from the

3 Lamina of cricoid cartilage. Lamina cartilaginis

arytenoid cartilage. C D

cricoideae. Tall posterior plate of the cricoid

4

22

Muscular process. Processus muscularis. Short

cartilage. A B

4

Articular surface for arytenoid cartilage. Fa-

process that projects posterolaterally from the

5

arytenoid cartilage for attachment of the poste-

cies articularis arytenoidea. Oblique, oval artic-

rior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. C

ular facet for the arytenoid cartilage located

23

Cricoarytenoid

joint. Articulatio

cricoaryte-

laterally at the upper margin of the cricoid

6

noidea. Cylindrical joint between the cricoid

lamina. A

5 Articular surface for thyroid cartilage. Fa-

and arytenoid cartilages. It permits oscillating

7

movements around an obliquely placed cylin-

cies articularis thyroidea. Somewhat promi-

drical axis and gliding movements parallel to

nent articular facet for the thyroid cartilage sit-

the axis. D

8

uated inferiorly on the lateral margin of the

24

Articular

capsule

of cricoarytenoid

joint.

lamina. A

Capsula

articularis

cricoarytenoidea.

Thin-

6

Cricothyroid joint. Articulatio cricothyroidea.

9

walled, flaccid capsule of joint between cricoid

Articulation between the thyroid and cricoid

and arytenoid cartilages. D

cartilages. It permits tilting movements as well

25

Cricoarytenoid

ligament. Lig.

cricoaryte-

10

as horizontal and vertical gliding movements. B

noideum. Important elastic ligament for the

7

Cricothyroid joint capsule. Capsula articu-

closure of the rima glottidis. It passes posteri-

11

laris cricothyroidea. Thin articular capsule. B

orly from the cricoid lamina to the medial part

7 a

Ceratocricoid ligament. Lig. ceratocri-

of the arytenoid. D

coideum. Capsular reinforcement for limitation

26

Cricopharyngeal ligament. Lig. cricopharyn-

12

of shearing movements. B

geum. Fiber tract beginning at the corniculate

8 Median cricothyroid ligament. Lig. cricothy-

cartilage. After attachment to the posterior side

13

roideum medianum. Strong vertical ligament

of the cricoid, it passes beneath the overlying

in the midline between the thyroid and cricoid

pharyngeal mucosa. D

14

cartilages. B D

27

Sesamoid

cartilage. [Cartilago sesamoidea].

9

Cricotracheal ligament.

Lig. cricotracheale.

Piece of elastic cartilage occasionally present in

Elastic membrane between the cricoid cartilage

the anterior end of the vocal ligament and near

15

and the first tracheal cartilage. B D

the arytenoid cartilage. D

10

Arytenoid cartilage. Cartilago anytenoidea.

28

Corniculate cartilage. Cartilago

corniculata

16

Pyramid-like cartilage on the cricoid cartilage.

[[Santorini]]. Small elastic cartilage at the apex

of the arytenoid cartilage. It produces the

C D

11 Articular surface. Facies articularis. Cylindrical,

corniculate tubercle. C D

17

29

Corniculate tubercle. Tuberculum cornicu-

concave joint surface below the muscular

process for articulation with the cricoid. C

latum. Mucosa-covered prominence over the

18

12

Base of arytenoid. Basis

cartilaginis aryte-

corniculate cartilage directly above the apex of

the arytenoid cartilage. See page 142.9

noideae. Undersurface of arytenoid cartilage. C

1

1

Cuneiform cartilage. Cartilago cuneiformis.

18 M. vocalis. o: Inner surface of thyroid cartilage

Variably small cartilage beneath a small group

near the midline. i: Vocal process and oblong

of glands in the aryepiglottic fold. D

fovea of arytenoid cartilage. A: By its tension it

2

2

Cuneiform tubercle. Tuberculum cuneiforme.

alters the intrinsic vibrations of the vocal cord.

Prominence in the aryepiglottic fold caused by

I: Recurrent laryngeal nerve. E

3

the cuneiform cartilage. If the cartilage is ab-

19 Thyroepiglottic muscle. [[M. thyroepiglotti-

sent, it can also be produced by glands. B D

cus]]. Now the thyroepiglottic part of the thy-

3

Epiglottis. Elastic cartilage shaped like a shoe-

roarytenoid muscle. See p. 20 D

4

horn. B C E

20 Thyroarytenoid muscle. M. thyroarytenoideus.

4

Stalk of epiglottis. Petiolus epiglottidis.

o: Anterior inner surface of thyroid cartilage. i:

5

Downward pointing end of the epiglottic car-

Muscular process and lateral surface of aryte-

tilage that is attached to the thyroid cartilage

noid cartilage. A: Synergist in closure of rima

by connective tissue. A D

glottidis. I: Recurrent laryngeal nerve. D E

Small prominence at the posterior surface of

Anterior, inner surface of thyroid cartilage. i:

7

the mucosa above the stalk. B

Epiglottis and quadrangular membrane. I: Re-

6 Epiglottic

cartilage. Cartilago

epiglottica.

current laryngeal nerve. D See p. 19.

Skeleton of epiglottis consisting of elastic car-

21

Oblique arytenoid muscle. M. arytenoideus

8

tilage. A C D

obliquus. o: Posterior surface of muscular

7

Thyroepiglottic ligament. Lig. thyroepiglotti-

process. i: Apex of contralateral arytenoid car-

9

cum. Ligament attaching

the

stalk

of

the

tilage. A: Draws the arytenoid cartilages closer

epiglottis to the posterior surface of the thyroid

together. Synergist in closure of rima glottidis. I.

cartilage. A D

Recurrent laryngeal nerve. B

10

8

Hyoepiglottic ligament. Lig. hyoepiglotticum.

21 a Aryepiglottic

part. Pars

aryepiglottica. o:

Ligament between the hyoid and epiglottis. C

Apex of arytenoid cartilage. i: Margin of

11

9

Corniculate tubercle. Tuberculum cornicu-

epiglottis. Foundation of aryepiglottic fold. A:

latum. Mucosa-covered prominence over the

Depresses the epiglottis. See 11.

corniculate cartilage just above the apex of the

22

Transverse arytenoid muscle. M. arytenoideus

12

arytenoid cartilage. B D

transversus. o: Posterior surface of arytenoid

10 Laryngeal musculature. Musculi laryngis. B C

cartilage. i: Same surface of contralateral aryte-

13

D E

noid cartilage. A: Approximates arytenoid car-

11

[[M. aryepiglotticus]]. Now the

aryepiglottic

tilages. Synergist in closure of rima glottidis. I:

part of the arytenoid muscle. See p. 21 a. B D

Recurrent laryngeal nerve. B

14

12

M. cricothyroideus. o: Anterolateral aspect of

23

Laryngeal cavity. Cavitas laryngis. E

cricoid cartilage. i: Interiorly at outer and inner

24

Laryngeal inlet (aditus). Aditus laryngis. En-

15

surfaces of the thyroid cartilage lamina. A:

trance into larynx between the epiglottis, ary-

Tenses vocal ligament by lifting the cricoid car-

epiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch. B E

16

tilage forward and tilting back the lamina and

25

Aryepiglottic

fold. Plica

aryepiglottica. Mu-

the arytenoid cartilage. I: Superior laryngeal

cosal fold over the aryepiglottic muscle. It ex-

nerve (different innervation than other intrin-

tends from the apex of the arytenoid cartilage

17

sic laryngeal muscles). C E

to the lateral margin of the epiglottis. B D

13

Straight part. Pars recta. Anterior, somewhat

26

Interarytenoid notch.

Incisura interaryte-

more steeply coursing fibers. C

18

noidea. Mucosa-covered slit between the two

14

Oblique part. Pars obliqua. Posterior, more

apices of the arytenoids. B

horizontally coursing fibers. C

27

Vestibule of

larynx.

Vestibulum laryngis.

19

15

M.

cri-

Posterior

cricoarytenoid

muscle.

Upper part of laryngeal cavity extending as far

coarytenoideus posterior. o: Posterior surface

as the vestibular [ventricular] folds. E

20

of cricoid

cartilage. i: Muscular process

of

28

Rima vestibuli. Interval between the two vesti-

arytenoid cartilage. A: By swinging the vocal

bular folds. E

process upward and outward, it opens the rima

21

glottidis. It is the only abductor of the vocal

29

Vestibular (ventricular) fold. Plica vestibu-

folds. I: Recurrent laryngeal nerve. B D

laris [ventricularis]. Fold produced by the vesti-

16

Ceratocricoid muscle. [M. ceratocricoideus].

bular ligament. It lies between the laryngeal

22

Anatomic variant. o: Inferior horn of thyroid

ventricle and vestibule. E

cartilage. i: Inferior margin of cricoid cartilage.

29 a Intermediate laryngeal cavity. Cavitas laryngis

23

I: Recurrent laryngeal nerve. B

intermedia. Space between the vestibular and

17 Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. M. cricoaryte-

vocal folds.

noideus lateralis. o: Upper lateral margin of cri-

144

Respiratory system

Ventricle of larynx. Ventriculus laryngis 17

TRACHEA. Airway characterized by its cartilage-

1

1

[[Morgagni]].

Lateral

outpocketings

between

containing wall and its branches, the bronchi. E

2

the vocal and vestibular folds. B C D

18 Cervical part. Pars cervicalis. The cervical seg-

2

Saccule (appendix) of larynx. Sacculus laryn-

ment of the trachea extending from C6 to C7.

gis [[appendix ventriculi laryngis]]. Small blind

19

Thoracic part. Pars thoracica. The thoracic seg-

3

sac directed upward from the ventricle. B

ment extending from T1 to T4.

3 Glottis. Voice-producing part of the larynx con-

20

Tracheal cartilages.

Cartilagines tracheales.

sisting of the two vocal folds and the interval

4

Horseshoe-shaped cartilages of the tracheal

(Rima glottidis) between them. A

4 Rima glottidis. Space between the two aryte-

wall. E F H

21

Tracheal muscle. Musculus trachealis. Smooth

5

noid cartilages and the vocal cords. A

5

Vocal fold. Plica vocalis. Mucosal

fold sup-

muscle between the free ends of the horseshoe-

shaped tracheal cartilages. H

6

ported by the underlying vocal ligament and

laterally by the vocalis muscle. A

22

Annular ligaments of trachea. Ligg. anularia

6

Intermembranous part. Pars intermem-

tracheae, Ligg.

trachealia. Connective tissue

7

bridges between the tracheal cartilages. E F

branacea. Portion of the rima glottidis extend-

ing from the thyroid cartilage to the apex of the

23

Membranous

wall.

Paries membranaceus.

8

vocal process. A

Posterior wall of trachea. F

7

Intercartilaginous

part.

Pars

intercar-

24 Bifurcation of trachea. Bifurcatio tracheae [tra-

9

tilaginea. Portion of rima glottidis between the

chealis]. Asymmetrical division of trachea at

arytenoid cartilages. A

level of T4. E G

7 a Interarytenoid fold.

Plica

interarytenoidea.

25

Carina tracheae. Ridge projecting into the

10

Mucosal fold between the arytenoid cartilages. A

lumen of the trachea at its bifurcation and pro-

8

Infraglottic cavity. Cavitas infraglottica. Lowest

viding an aerodynamic effect. G

11

portion of laryngeal cavity. It is enclosed by the

26

Tunica mucosa. Tracheal mucosa lined by pseu-

conus elasticus and extends from the rima glot-

tidis to the trachea. C

dostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with

12

goblet cells. H

9 Fibroelastic membrane of larynx. Membrana

27

Tracheal glands. Gll. tracheales. Mixed glands

fibroelastica

laryngis

[[membrana

elastica

13

laryngis]]. Submucosa of laryngeal wall provided

in the submucosa. H

with abundant elastic fibers. It begins at the

28

BRONCHI. Branches of trachea.

quadrangular membrane and ends at the lower

29

Bronchial tree. Arbor bronchialis. The entire

14

margin of the conus elasticus. B

10

Quadrangular membrane. Membrana quad-

branching system of the bronchi.

15

30

MAIN BRONCHUS (RIGHT AND LEFT). Bronchus

rangularis. Membrane spread out between the

epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold and vestibular fold.

principalis (dexter et sinister). Right and left

C D

stem bronchi arising directly from the trachea. E

12

Conus elasticus (membrana cricovocalis).

18

Reinforced fibroelastic membrane between the

vocal ligament and cricoid. D

13

Vocal ligament. Lig. vocale. It lies between the

19

vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage and the

thyroid cartilage and forms the upper end of the

20

conus elasticus. C

14

Tunica mucosa. Laryngeal mucous membrane