Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

126

Digestive system

Tunica muscularis. Bilayered muscle wall of

21

M. rectococcygeus. Thin plate of smooth

1

1

colon. B

muscle extending from the 2nd to 3rd coccygeal

2

2

Longitudinal layer.

Stratum

longitudinale.

vertebrae to the rectum. C

22

M. rectourethralis. Smooth muscle fibers ex-

Distinct outer layer of longitudinally oriented

muscle of variable thickness. B

tending from the membranous part of the

3

3

Taeniae coli. About

1 cm wide, thickened

urethra to the rectum. C

23

Transverse rectal folds. Plicae transversae

bands of longitudinal muscle fibers. B

4

4

Taenia mesocolica. Tenia located at the attach-

recti. Usually three lateral transverse folds. The

middle is the largest (Kohlrausch) and projects

ment of the mesocolon in the posteromedial

about 6 mm above the anus from the right side,

part of the ascending and descending colon. A

5

the others from the left. C

5

Taenia omentalis. Tenia of transverse colon lo-

24

ANAL CANAL. Canalis analis. Terminal segment

cated at the attachment of the greater omentum

of the digestive tube beginning with the anal

6

in the posteromedial part of the ascending and

columns. D

descending colon. A

6

Taenia libera. Free tenia located between the

25

Anal columns. Columnae anales. Six to ten

7

longitudinal folds provided with abundant

tenia mesocolica and tenia omentalis. A

venous plexuses. D

7

Circular layer. Stratum circulare. Inner layer of

8

26

Anal sinuses. Sinus anales. Recesses between

circularly coursing muscle fibers of the colon. B

8 Tela submucosa. Displaceable layer between

the anal columns. D

9

27

Anal valves. Valvulae anales. Small transverse

the muscularis mucosa and the muscularis, con-

folds bordering the anal sinuses distally. D

sisting mainly of collagenous connective tissue

28

Anorectal line. Linea anorectalis. Upper border

10

containing nerves and blood vessels. B

9

Tunica mucosa. Villus-free mucous coat of the

of anal canal formed by the puborectal muscle at

colon comprised of

simple, goblet-cell rich,

the level of the levator sling just above the anal

11

columns. D

columnar epithelium, connective tissue and

29

Anal pecten. [[Pecten analis]]. A lighter stripe

lamina muscularis mucosae. B

12

10

Lamina muscularis mucosae. Layer of smooth

between the anal valves and the anocutaneous

line. It is firmly connected with the underlying

muscle cells between the lamina propria and

tissues by fibrous longitudinal muscles. D

13

submucosa. Its contraction produces a wrin-

30

Anocutaneous line. [[Linea anocutanea]]. Lower

kling of the mucosa. B

11

Intestinal glands.

Glandulae

intestinales.

border of anal pecten at the level of the lower

14

margin of the internal anal sphincter. D

Tubular glands of the colonic mucosa. B

31 External anal sphincter. M. sphincter ani exter-

12

Solitary lymphatic nodules. Nodi lymphatici

nus. Circular layer of skeletal muscle lying on the

15

solitarii. Individual lymphatic nodules dis-

internal anal sphincter. C D See p. 174.14−17

persed throughout the lamina propria. B

32 Anus. Lower opening of anal canal surrounded

16

13

RECTUM. Tenia-free segment, about 15 cm

by the subcutaneous and superficial parts of the

long, located between the sigmoid colon and the

external anal sphincter. C D

anus. C

15

Perineal flexure. Flexura perinealis. Anteriorly

19

convex bend in the rectum located just above

the anus. C

16

Ampulla recti. Dilated portion of the rectum

20

above the anal canal. C

128

Digestive system

PANCREAS. Organ 13−15 cm in length that lies

19

Accessory pancreatic duct. Ductus pancreati-

1

1

partly in the duodenal loop, partly behind the

cus accessorius. Additional excretory duct usu-

omental bursa at the level of L1−2. A B

ally found draining into the minor duodenal

2

2

Head of pancreas. Caput pancreatis. It is nestled

papilla (p. 124.13) above the major duodenal

within the loop of the duodenum. A

papilla. B

3

3

Uncinate process. Processus uncinatus. Hook-

20 Accessory pancreas. (Pancreas accessorium).

Pancreatic tissue dispersed within the wall of

shaped process passing behind the superior

the stomach or duodenum.

4

mesenteric vessels. A B

21 Endocrine pancreas. Pars endocrina pancreatis.

4

Pancreatic notch. Incisura pancreatis. Groove

Part of the pancreas consisting of about 1 million

between the uncinate process and the remain-

5

Langerhans‘ islets, which produce glucagon and

ing part of the head of the pancreas. A B

insulin.

5 Body of pancreas. Corpus pancreatis. Part of the

22 LIVER. Hepar. It is divided into segments on the

6

pancreas lying mainly in front of the vertebral

basis of the branchings of its blood vessels and

column. It arises from the dorsal anlage of the

biliary ducts. The individual segments are not

7

pancreas. A B

represented uniformly in the literature. The In-

6

Anterior surface. Facies anterior. Anterosupe-

ternational Nomenclature Committee has

8

riorly directed anterior (front) surface of the

adopted Hjortsjö’s classification. C

pancreas. A

23 Diaphragmatic surface. Facies diaphragmatica.

9

7

Posterior surface. Facies posterior. Posteriorly

Surface of liver facing the diaphragm. C

directed dorsal (back) surface of the pancreas. B

24

Superior part. Pars superior. The cranially

10

8

Inferior

surface. Facies inferior. Anteroinferi-

directed superior portion of the diaphragmatic

orly directed inferior surface of the pancreas. It

liver surface. C

is bounded above by the root of the transverse

25

Cardiac impression. Impressio cardiaca. Flat im-

11

mesocolon. A

pression made by the heart on the left side of the

9

Superior

margin. Margo superior. Superior

liver in front of the inferior vena cava. C

12

margin of the pancreas located between the

26

Anterior part. Pars anterior. The anteriorly

anterior and posterior surfaces. A B

directed portion of the diaphragmatic liver sur-

13

10

Anterior

margin. Margo anterior. Anterior

face. C

margin of the pancreas, which corresponds to

27

Right part. Pars dextra. Portion of the diaphrag-

14

the line of attachment of the transverse meso-

matic surface directed toward the right side of

colon (p. 178.5). It also forms the lower boun-

the body. C

dary of

the omental bursa at the posterior

28

Posterior part. Pars posterior. The posteriorly

15

abdominal wall. A

directed portion of the diaphragmatic surface. C

11

Inferior margin. Margo inferioris. Inferior mar-

29

Bare area. Area nuda. [[Pars affixa]]. Bare por-

16

gin of the pancreas situated between the lower

tion of the diaphragmatic surface not covered by

anterior and posterior surfaces. A

12

Tuber omentale. Prominence on the body of

peritoneum. C

17

30

Groove for vena cava. Sulcus venae cavae. Deep

pancreas

near the head. It projects into the

groove for reception of the inferior vena cava. C

omental bursa and is caused by the vertebral

18

column. A B

31

Fissure for lig. venosum. Fissura ligamenti venosi.

13

Tail of pancreas. Cauda pancreatis. Upper left

Groove for the venous ligament extending from

19

tail of the pancreas that lies in contact with the

the liver hilum to the inferior vena cava between

the caudate lobe and left lobe. C

spleen. A B

22

16

Pancreatic lobule. Lobulus pancreaticus. The

macroscopically visible lobule of the pancreas. A

17

Pancreatic duct. Ductus pancreaticus. Main ex-

23

cretory duct of the pancreas opening on the

greater duodenal papilla together with the bile

24

duct. B

Digestive system

129

5

1

12

9

16

2

6

13

3

4

4

2

3

5

11

8

10

7

8

A

Duodenum and pancreas, anterior view

7

9

12

17

19

9

10

13

4

124.13

11

5

17

124.12

12

Pancreas dissected,

3

B

duodenum fenestrated,

13

from behind

14

23

15

178.22

26

16

25

17

29

24

18

19

20

28

29

27

21

30

22

130.26

246.24

23

Liver, superior view

C

178.23

24

25