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Задание 4. Прочтите текст “Types of Engines” и расскажите на русском языке:

1.О видах двигателя.

2.Об источниках энергии.

3.О паровых машинах.

СибАДИ31 TYPES OF ENGINES

One modern dictionary defines an engine as any mechanism or machine designed to convert energy into mechanical work.

There may be steam engines, internal combustion engines, etc.

A steam engine is an external combustion engine, as the fuel is burned outside it.

An internal combustion engine burns the fuel inside the engine cylinder to produce expansion which is turned into power. Heat is a form of energy, and all automobiles are equipped with some form of heat engine.

The source of the energy may be coal, wood, petroleum products, etc. For convenience, it is usually petroleum products in the form of gas-

oline, gas or oil.

Any of these materials can be used to generate steam for a steam engine. For internal combustion engines natural gas can be used.

Petroleum is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power, as the heat energy can be converted directly from the fuel into power by burning it in a cylinder.

In a steam engine the fuel is burned to create steam from water and the steam furnishes the expansive force for the engine.

Manysteam automobiles werebuilt in theearly years oftheautomobile. The steam cars used kerosene to heat the water to make steam and also used a small quantity of gasoline to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot,

which initiated combustion of the kerosene.

Now the steam engine is rarely used in automobile business, but it is still in the use in locomotives and in other power installations.

Задание 5. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1.What is an engine?

2.What kinds of engines do yon know?

3.Why is a steam engine considered an external combustion engine?

4.Where does an internal combustion engine burn the fuel?

5.What sources of energy do you know?

6.What is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power?

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7.Was the steam engine used in automobiles?

8.Where is the steam engine used now?

Задание 6. Образуйте существительные от следующих прилагатель-

ных: direct, expansive, natural, possible, practical, motive, equal, rotational.

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СибАДИЗадание 2. Найдите соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания.

Задание 7. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке, используя план.

1. What an engine is.

2. Internal combustion engine.

3. External combustion engine.

4. Sources of energy.

5. Steam engine.

При ответе спользуйте следующие выражения:

the text is about... ; the text deals with the problem...; the main problem of the text is...; I know that...; it is a well-known fact...; it is worth mentioning...; as for the problem of...; it should be noted that... .

A)Cylinder size; engine power; engine design; to take into consideration; cubic inch displacement; combustion chamber; horse power.

B)Камера сгорания; размер цилиндра; принимать во внимание; мощность двигателя; лошадиная сила; конструкция двигателя; рабочий объем цилиндра в кубических дюймах.

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Задание 3. В каждом из данных предложений найдите герундий или причастие I. Прочтите и переведите предложения.

1.Engine designing has greatly developed.

2.This car is intended for being used in agriculture.

3.Piston displacement is a reliable figure for indicating the potential

power output of engine. СибАДИ33 4.The speed at which the engine operates is not the determining factor

of the amount of power.

Задан е 4. Прочт те дайте другое заглавие тексту.

ENGINE

Fundamental parts of the engine are: cylinder, piston, connecting rod and crankshaft.

Cylinder. The ideal form consists of a plain cylindrical barrel in which the piston slides, the movement of the piston or “stroke”, being in most cases, somewhat longer than the bore, but tending to equality or even less. This is known as the “stroke-bore ratio”.

The upper end consists of a combustion or “clearance” space, in which, the ignition and combustion of the charge takes place.

Cylinder size. Before deciding on the cylinder size and the number of cylinders the engineer will need to know how much power is wanted.

For example, if the need is for 100 hp (horse power), it can be developed by one cylinder engine, having a cylinder of sufficient size. Or the same power can be developed by a 16-cylinder engine, having much smaller cylinders.

If the engine is to be used for a stationary power plant, the choice might be one or two cylinders.

If the engine is intended for use in automobile, it would be better to use 6 or 8 cylinders of smaller size. The smaller cylinders would have smaller pistons, rods etc., and as the parts are much lighter the engine can operate at higher rotational speed for a gain in power.

Of course it must be remembered, that many improvements have been made in engine design in the past years. Today we often in about four times the power from a given size engine that we did thirty years ago. The bore, of the engine is not the sole determining factor in the amount of power that the engine will produce. Neither is the speed at which the engine operates is the determining factor.

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Many things need to be taken into consideration. Piston displacement is a reliable figure for indicating the potential power output of the engine. Piston displacement is the number of cubic inches of space, displaced by the cylinder away from the crankshaft. The cubic inch displacement of an engine can be obtained mathematically from the dimensions.

СибАДИ34 Задание 5. Закончите следующие предложения.

1.The fundamental parts of the engine are...

2.Cylinder is a cylindrical barrel in which...

3.The upper end of the cylinder consists of a combustion space in

which...

4.If the engine is to be used for a stationary power plant the choice

might be…

5.As the parts of the engine are lighter, the engine can operate at...

6.Piston displacement is...

Задан е 6. Перевед те на английский язык, используя текст.

1.Коленчатый вал – одна из основныхчастей двигателя.

2.Этот двигатель предназначен для стационарной силовой установки.

3.Следует помнить, что ыло сделано много усовершенствований в конструировании двигателей.

4.Многие факторы следует принимать во внимание.

5.Размер цилиндра зависит от требуемой мощности двигателя.

Задание 7. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1.What are the fundamental parts of the engine?

2.What is the cylinder?

3.What is known as the stroke-bore ratio?

4.How many cylinders are usually used for the automobile engine? 5.On what does the power produced by the engine depend?

Задание 8. Посмотрите на схему (Chart 1) скажите, к какому механизму относятся основные части двигателя.

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Задание 9. Распределите русские эквиваленты по схеме (Chart 1).

Задание 10. Расскажите об этом механизме, используя схему (chart 1). При ответе используйте следующие выражения:

as far аs I know... ; it is known, that... ; it should be noted... ; it is worth mentioning... ; it is a well - known fact...; the problem is ... .

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