Материал: 2358
The disadvantages of diesels as passenger car engines are slow performance, noise and smoke.
The turbine and Stirling are multifuel engines, capable of running on any liquid that will burn, including such exotic types as peanut oil and perfume. This would be a major advantage if severe petroleum shortages de-
velop. СибАДИ21 The turbine cars now operating are handbuilt models that cost more
than 1 million dollars each. Alloys of precious metals of high durability are still required for certain vital turbine parts. Engineers believe that progress in ceramics hold the key to making turbines practical alternatives to pre- sent-day engines...
The Stirling concept, first offered more than 150 years ago by a Scottish clergyman, involves external instead of internal combustion... In the new design, hydrogen gas is heated by a burner, which can run on virtually all kinds of fuel... Engineers point out that a Stirling engine would be quieter than an equivalent internal combustion engine, would emit less toxic gases, and would use fuel more economically...
Yet, there is still opinion in the auto industry that the conventional gasoline powered engine – the type in almost universal use now – will continue to dominate until or unless outside circumstances dictate otherwise.
Задание З. Определите, в каком из абзацев говорится:
a) o первых попытках использовать механическую энергию для приведения в движение экипажа;
) об основных требованиях, предъявляемых к автомобилю.
Задание 4. Выберите утверждения, соответствующие содержанию текста.
1. The history of the automobile goes back...
a) a hundred years; b) a thousand years;
с) several hundred years.
2. Diesels are usually much larger and heavier than...
a)gasoline engines;
b)turbine cars;
c)Stirling engines.
3.The disadvantages of diesels are...
a)low speeds;
b)noise and smoke;
c)heavy weights.
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4.The turbine and Stirling are multifuel engines, capable of running on...
a)petrol only;
b)peanut oil and perfume;
c)benzene.
Задание 5. Прочтите текст еще раз, обращая внимание на даты, |
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СибАДИ |
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цифры и связанные с ними факты. |
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Задан е 6. Расскаж те об истории автомобилестроения, |
используя |
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следующ е выражен я |
глаголы: |
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the history of the automobile mechanical power, a steam boiler, self- |
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propelled, vehicle steam-driven carriages, brakes, gear-box, |
steam en- |
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gines, internal-combustion engine, air-pollution, diesel engines, turbine |
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cars, Stirling engine; |
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to go back, to propel, to build, to use, to obtain, to be powered by, to |
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invent, to reduce, to produce, to offer, to involve, to dominate. |
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Задание 1. Слушайте |
Текст 3 |
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повторяйте: |
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power train |
[′pauə′trein] |
трансмиссия |
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power plant |
[′pauə′plɑ:nt] |
двигатель, силовая установка |
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combustion |
[kəm′bʌstʃən] |
сгорание |
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carburettor |
[′kɑ:bjuretə] |
карбюратор |
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stroke |
[strouk] |
цикл, такт |
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сooling system |
[′ku:liŋ…] |
система охлаждения |
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lubricating system |
[′lu:brikeitiŋ…] |
система смазки |
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brake system |
[breik…] |
тормозная система |
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steering system |
[′stiəriŋ…] |
рулевое управление |
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gear |
box |
[′giə′bɔks] |
коробка передач |
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propeller shaft |
[͵prə′pelə′ʃɑ:ft] |
карданный вал |
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rear axle |
[′riə′æksl] |
задний мост |
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final |
drive |
[′fainl′draiv] |
главная передача |
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Задание 2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на способы выражения дополнения.
1.The engine makes the car wheel rotate and the car move.
2.Another difference results from the working method of the internalcombustion engine.
3.The chassis consists of a power train and a frame.
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4.The chassis includes the brake system and the steering system.
5.The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels.
Задание 3. Выберите соответствующий перевод следующих английских слов:
a) rotation – вращать, вращение, вращательный; СибАДИ23 b) fundamentally – основной, в основном, основа; c) difference – разл ч е, различать, различный; d) lubrication – смазка, смазывать, смазывающий;
e) transmission – передача, передавать, передаточный;
f) differential – д фференциал, дифференцировать, дифференциальный;
g) driver – вод тель, водить, водительский.
Задан е 4. Прочт те переведите текст.
AUTOМOВILE STRUCTURE
There are numerous types of motor vehicles: passenger cars, buses, trucks, tractors and others. Each of them serves quite a definite purpose.
Every automobile has the following components: engine, power train, chassis, body.
The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. It makes the car wheel rotate and the car move. In general, internal combustion engines are used operating with some fuel (petrol, benzol, diesel, oil). Depending on their combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburettor engines and diesel engines. Sometimes the carburettor engines are called heavy-oil engines. Another difference results from the working method of the internal combustion engine. A difference is made, between four-stroke cycle engine and two-stroke cycle engine.
Everу engine includes the electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating sys-
tems.
The chassis consists of a power train and a frame with axles, wheels and steering system as well. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and consists of the clutch, gear-box or transmission, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
The body has a hood and fenders and accessories: the heater, lights, radio, windshield wiper, convertible top raiser and so on.
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Задание 5. Выразите ту же мысль с помощью оборота there is/there are:
1. Every automobile has an engine, a chassis and a body. 2. The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. 3. A difference is made between four-stroke cycle engine and two-stroke cycle engine. 4. Every engine includes the
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electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. 5. The chassis includes the
СибАДИЗадание 8. Просмотрите видео «Basic Structure of an Automobile»
brake system and the steering system.
Задан |
е 6. Найд те в тексте все словосочетания, образованные по |
модели N + N перевед те их. |
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Задан |
е 7. Излож те основное содержание текста с помощью дан- |
ной ниже схемы-плана. |
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1. The engine is...
2. In general, internal-combustion engines are used...
3. Sometimes the carburettor engines are called...
4. Another difference results from...
5. The chassis includes...
6. The power train carries the power...
7. The body has...
необходимое вам количество раз.
Выпишите определения терминов, которые Вы увидите на экране. Подготовьте 5 вопросов по устройству автомобиля. Обсудите эти вопросы в парах.
Схематично изобразите автомобиль подпишите его основные компоненты.
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Задание9.Используярисунок (fig. 3), опишите строение автомобиля.
СибАДИ25 Fig. 3. Automobile structure
Текст 4
Задание 1. Прочтите текст, стараясь понять содержание.
MOTORING IN ENGLAND
The motor-car has done so much to change our lives. Let us discuss cars, using the English names for the parts. We shall start inside the car.
Inside the car.
We talk about being in the front and in the back and we talk about the driver's seat and the passenger seats. This is all very easy. All round the car are windows, so that you can see out – except in front. This is called the windscreen, and the things which sweep rain off it are called windscreen wipers.
Driving the car.
When we drive the car we steer with the steering wheel. If there is someone in the way we stop the car with the brake – we brake the car – and sound the horn. When it is clear to go again we accelerate to help us move off. We have а gеаr box. We change gear by pushing the gear lever from one gear to the next.
To help us to do this we have a foot pedal which is called the clutch. We put the clutch out to disengage the engine and we let the clutch in to
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