Материал: 1493

Схема 17. Цементировочные работы

Модуль 7. ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИЗДЕЛИЯ

Задание 1. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 2. Сопоставьте информацию, представленную в толковании и в переводе. Дополните ее, где необходимо.

durable; they were made by joining and inlaying solid pieces of linoleum. Cheaper patterned linoleums came in different grades or gauges, and were printed with thinner layers which were more prone to wear and tear. Good quality linoleum is sufficiently flexible to be used in buildings in which more rigid material (such as ceramic tile) would crack

Задание 3. Переведите текст. На основе сведений, полученных о понятии, составьте учебный текст на английском языке.

Linoleum

Linoleum as a floor covering has been largely replaced with polyvinyl chloride (yet still colloquially known as "linoleum"), which has similar properties of flexibility and durability, but which has greater brightness and translucency and which is relatively less flammable. The fire-retardant properties of PVC are due to chlorinecontaining combustion products, some of which are highly toxic. Dioxins are released by burning PVC. While the polymer itself is generally considered safe, additives such as plasticizers and unintentional impurities such as free monomers are considered a hazard by some: see the health and safety section of the main PVC article for more information and references.

Because it is made of organic materials and is purportedly non-allergenic in nature, high quality linoleum is still in use in many places (especially in non-allergenic homes, hospitals and health care facilities). Linoleum tiles can be made to various designs and inlaid with various colors to form patterns reflecting the shape and use of a room.

Linoleum is used in break dancing as an alternative to cardboard as it provides a large, slick and durable surface.

Задание 4. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 5. Дайте толкования понятиям, используя информацию перевода и текста, представленного после таблицы. Используйте следующие выражения:

при высоких температурах – under the high temperatures обожженные до спекания – firing to agglomeration

гончарные плитки – figuline рифленая поверхность – wavy surface

покрытая глазурью поверхность – glazed surface

насечка – stabbing

для лучшего сцепления с раствором – for better mortar adherence

Definition Translation

Керамика – материалы и изделия из минерального сырья (глины), полученные путем обжига при высоких температурах

Керамическая плитка для полов – обожженные до спекания плитки из глины с добавлением красителей

Керамическая плитка облицовочная – обожженные до спекания плитки, применяемые для облицовки стен. Различают фарфоровые, фаянсовые и гончарные плитки. Лицевая сторона имеет рифленую покрытую глазурью поверхность, внутренняя – насечку для лучшего сцепления с раствором или мастикой

Types of ceramic materials

The properties of ceramics make fracturing an important inspection method.

A ceramic material is an inorganic, non-metallic, often crystalline oxide, nitride or carbide material. Some elements, such as carbon or silicon, may be considered ceramics. Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, strong in compression, weak in shearing and tension. They withstand chemical erosion that occurs in other materials subjected to acidic or caustic environments. Ceramics generally can withstand very high temperatures, such as temperatures that range from 1,000 °C to 1,600 °C. A glass is often not understood as a ceramic because of its amorphous (noncrystalline) character. However, glassmaking involves several steps of the ceramic process and its mechanical properties are similar to ceramic materials.

Traditional ceramic raw materials include clay minerals such as kaolinite, whereas more recent materials include aluminium oxide, more commonly known as alumina. The modern ceramic materials, which are classified as advanced ceramics, include silicon carbide and tungsten carbide. Both are valued for their abrasion resistance, and hence find use in applications such as the wear plates of crushing equipment in mining operations. Advanced ceramics are also used in the medicine, electrical and electronics industries.

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