1. Could they hear the radio? (Yes/loud) 2. Could he hear the radio? (No/low) 3. Could he buy the car? (Yes/cheap) 4. Could he buy the car? (No/expensive) 5. Could she eat the orange? (Yes/sweet) 6. Could she eat the orange? (No/sour)
Exercise 7. Перепишите данные предложения, используя глагол could для более вежливого выражения просьбы.
Example: Speak louder! – Could you speak louder, please?
1. |
Write down your name and address! |
6. |
Stop here! |
2. |
Take my children to the kindergarten! |
7. |
Clean the room! |
3. |
Buy me some sandwiches! |
8. |
Show your pass! |
4. |
Turn on the TV set! |
|
9. Open the suitcase! |
5. |
Repair my bicycle! |
|
10. Pass me the ring! |
May, might
Этот модальный глагол имеет две формы: may – для настоящего времени, might – для прошедшего. Глагол may
употребляется для выражения:
1) разрешения в утвердительных и вопросительных предложениях: You may go. – Ты можешь идти.
May I help you? – Разрешите вам помочь.
2)запрета в отрицательных предложениях: You may not come here. – Не смей сюда приходить.
3)предположения, неуверенности в утвердительных и отрицательных предложениях: It may rain today. –
Возможно, сегодня будет дождь. He might come. – Он, может быть, придёт.
Глагол might употребляется также в придаточных дополнительных предложениях в соответствии с правилом согласования времён:
She said that he might take |
Она сказала, что он может |
her book. |
взять её книгу. |
Exercise 8. Задайте вопрос, выражающий вежливую просьбу, используя глагол may.
Example: Your group mate has a pen. You want to borrow it. –
May I please borrow your pen?
1.Your group mate has a dictionary. You want to borrow it.
2.Your group mate has a pencil sharpener. You want to borrow it.
3.Your group mate has an eraser. You want to use it for a minute.
4.Your group mate has a book. You want to see it.
5.You’re in your friends flat. You want to look at his album.
6.You’re knocking at your teacher’s room. You want to come in.
Exercise 9. Прочитайте диалог. Обратите внимание на употребление в нём модального глагола may. Составьте свой диалог по образцу данного, используя в нём модальный глагол may и конструкцию to be going+инфинитив.
Roy: Where are you going to spend your holidays this year, Harry?
Harry: We may go abroad. I’m not sure. My wife wants to go to
Egypt. I’d like to go there, too. We can’t make up our minds.
Roy: Will you travel by sea or by air?
Harry: We may travel by sea.
Roy: It’s cheaper, isn’t it?
Harry: It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time.
Roy: I’m sure you will enjoy yourselves.
Harry: Don’t be so sure. We may not go anywhere. My wife always
worries too much. Who’s going to look after the dog? Who’s going to look after the house? Who’s going to look after the garden? We have this problem every year. In the end, we stay at home and look after everything!
Exercise 10. Перепишите предложения, используя глагол may.
Example: Will you allow me to use your computer, please? –
May I use your computer, please?
1.Will you allow me to borrow your dictionary, please?
2.Will you allow them to come into the room now?
3.Will you allow me to bring my dog here, please?
4.Will you allow me to look at his paintings, please?
5.Will you allow me to leave earlier, please?
Exercise 11. Перепишите предложения, используя may / might.
Example: They will arrive tomorrow. – They may arrive tomorrow.
1. The playing field will be ready by next week. 2. The children had a dictation yesterday. 3. He will be late. 4. The old man slipped on the ice. 5. Benjamin will study German. 6. Perhaps the question was too difficult for him. 7. I had better take my raincoat, perhaps it will rain. 8. Perhaps the storm will come very soon. Look out! 9. Try this medicine, perhaps it will help you. 10. Why didn’t you remind him of his promise? It is possible that he forgot all about it.
Exercise 12. Перепишите предложения, используя may / might.
Example: Emily will have an operation next Monday. – Emily may have an operation next Monday.
1.They will finish writing their essays on time. 2. Peter decided to take the examination again. 3. They are eating supper.
4.They will go swimming tomorrow. 5. The boy lied to his teacher.
Exercise 13. Ответьте на вопросы, используя глагол may.
Example: Are you going to New York this spring? –
I may go, but I’m not sure.
1.I haven’t seen Steve for a week. Is he ill?
2.Is your brother back from the country yet?
3.Are you going to postpone the meeting with the clients?
4.Will your husband be at home tonight?
5.Will Mr. Stephano come to the conference on Monday?
6.Will Mr. Burton be at the concert this evening?
7.Is there a tin of sardines in the cupboard?
8.Is Manuel strong enough to do the work?
Exercise 14. Ответьте на вопросы, выражая предположение.
Example: Why do you think the driver was fined? –
He may/might have jumped the red light.
1. Why do you think the performance was cancelled? 2. Why do you think the conference will be held? 3. What do you think William has been doing all this time? 4. What do you think Mr. White is keeping? 5. Why do you think the ship sank? 6. Why do you think Ann is upset? 7. Where do you think Peter is?
to be allowed to / to be permitted to
Словосочетания to be allowed и to be permitted + инфинитив с частицей to являются синонимами модального глагола may:
I am allowed to use this device.
He will be allowed to use this device.
Мне разрешено (я могу)
использовать этот прибор.
Ему разрешат использовать этот прибор.
must
Глагол must употребляется:
1) для выражения долженствования, необходимости произвести действие в настоящем или будущем: I must go. –
Мне надо идти.
2)для выражения запрета в отрицательном предложении: You mustn't do it. – Нельзя этого делать.
3)для выражения вероятности какого-либо действия, предположения: He must have read this book. – Он,
вероятно, читал эту книгу.
4) для обозначения настоятельного совета, рекомендации: You must come and see our new flat. – Ты должен придти посмотреть нашу новую квартиру.
to have (to)
Глагол to have (to) употребляется в сочетании с инфинитивом с частицей to для выражения необходимости совершить действие в силу определённых обстоятельств и соответствует русскому "придётся, пришлось":
It was very dark and |
Было очень темно, и нам |
we had to stay at home. |
пришлось остаться дома. |
I don't have to stay here. |
Мне не нужно здесь оставаться. |
Exercise 15. Заполните пропуски глаголами have (got) to или must в нужном времени. В некоторых случаях возможны два варианта.
1. You ____ get a visa before you go abroad next month. 2. The children are happy because they ____ do any homework tonight. 3. ____ (you /do) military service in this country? 4. Mr Butler's office is close enough to his apartment. He ____ take a bus. He only takes it in bad weather. 5. You ____ stand up and walk around when the plane is taking off. 6. I've got a terrible toothache. I really ____ go to the dentist.
Exercise 16. Заполните пропуски глаголами must или have to в правильной форме.
1.Nancy was feeling ill last night. She … leave the party early.
2.You really … work harder if you want to enter the institute.
3.Many children in Britain … wear school uniform.
4.Ann’s eyes are not very good. She … to wear glasses for reading.
5.I … write to my parents. I haven’t written to them for ages.
6.I can’t come on Saturday. I … meet my relatives at the airport.
Exercise 17. Составьте предложения, используя данные фразы и глагол must.
Close the door behind you; go to medical school; have a driver’s licence; have a library card; have a passport; speak English outside of class every day, listen to the radio, watch television, read newspapers, make new friends, and think to myself in English; stop; study harder; take one pill every six hours.
Example: A driver …. – A driver must have a driver’s licence.
1.If a traffic light is red, a car ….
2.My doctor gave me a prescription. I ….
3.If you want to check a book out of library, you ….
4.I failed the last two tests in my biology class. According to my professor, I ….
5.If I want to travel abroad, I ….
6.If you want to become a doctor, you ….
7.Jimmy! It’s cold outside. When you come inside, you ….
8.I want to improve my English. According to my teacher, I ….
Exercise 18. Перепишите предложения, используя глагол must.
Example: It’s necessary for the children to study well. –
The children must study well.
1.It’s necessary for the children to play out-of-doors.
2.It’s necessary for Mike to get up early tomorrow.
3.It’s necessary for Mr. White to consult a doctor.
4.It’s necessary for the students to learn these rules by heart.
5.It’s necessary for Ruth to help her mother about the house.
6.It’s necessary for you to improve your pronunciation.
7.It’s necessary for the monitor to fetch the tape recorder.
8.It’s necessary for the students to attend the lectures.
Exercise 19. Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи.
Example: We must repair this car. What’s that? –
They say … – They say (that) they must repair that car.
1.We feel thirsty. What’s that? They say …
2.I shall catch the bus. What’s that? He says …
3.I am cold. What’s that? She says …
4.I have a cold. What’s that? He says …
5.I need a licence. What’s that? She says …
6.I shall sell this house. What’s that? He says …
7.I have an earache. What’s that? He says …
8.I want a haircut. What’s that? He says …
Exercise 20. В данных предложениях употребите must или mustn’t.
1.Before getting on a plane you … show your boarding card. 2. You … fasten your seat belt during take off and landing.
3.Before you board a plane, you … pay your luggage on the scale, and you … pass the passport control. 4. You … use the toilet during take off or landing. 5. Passengers … use radio sets on board a plane. 6. You … smoke in the toilet on board the plane at any time. 7. Passengers … smoke in the smoking area. 8. You … block the aisle during the flight. 9. After landing, you … stay in your seat until the plane has come to a standstill.
Exercise 21. Перепишите предложения, используя must be.
Example: I’m sure you feel bad after the flight. –
You must feel bad after the flight.
1. This is probably the house we’ve been looking for.