Материал: Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

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3.This Treaty shall enter into force after its ratification by all the Original Parties and the deposit of their instruments of ratification.

4.For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.

5.The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of and accession to this Treaty, the date of its entry into force, and the date of receipt of any requests for conferences or other notices.

6.This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article IV

This Treaty shall be of unlimited duration.Each Party shall in exercising its national sovereignty have the right to withdraw from the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events, related to the subject matter of this Treaty, have jeopardized the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such withdrawal to all other Parties to the Treaty three months in advance.

Article V

This Treaty, of which the English and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the signatory and acceding States.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty.

DONE in triplicate at the city of Moscow the fifth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three.

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Exercise 23. Summarize the information of the treaty articles.

Exercise 24. Cover the text of the treaty above and fill in the necessary preposition.

Signed ___ the Original Parties, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America ___

Moscow: 5 August 1963.

Opened ___ signature at London (L), Moscow (M) and Washington (W): 8 August 1963.

Entered ___ force: 10 October 1963.

… The Governments of the United States of America, the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, hereinafter referred

___ ___ the "Original Parties",

Proclaiming ___ their principal aim the speediest possible achievement ___ an agreement ___ general and complete disarmament ____ strict international control ____

accordance ____ the objectives of the United Nations which would put an end ____ the armaments race and eliminate the incentive ___ the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons,

Seeking ____ achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons ____ all time, determined to continue negotiations to this end, and desiring to put an end ___ the contamination of man's environment by radioactive substances,…

OVER TO YOU

What role is played by nuclear weapons in the world and global politics? Does it help to deter possible aggression and maintain peace and security in the world? What do you think of the future of nuclear proliferation and global disarmament? Do you consider it is possible for all counrties to destroy their nuclear arsenals? Why? Why not? Give your reasons and write and essay to express your opinion.

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SUPPLEMENTARY READING SECTION Convention on Cybercrime

Budapest, 23.XI.2001 Preamble

The member States of the Council of Europe and the other States signatory hereto,

Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members;

Recognising the value of fostering co-operation with the other States parties to this Convention;

Convinced of the need to pursue, as a matter of priority, a common criminal policy aimed at the protection of society against cybercrime, inter alia, by adopting appropriate legislation and fostering international co-operation;

Conscious of the profound changes brought about by the digitalisation, convergence and continuing globalisation of computer networks;

Concerned by the risk that computer networks and electronic information may also be used for committing criminal offences and that evidence relating to such offences may be stored and transferred by these networks;

Recognising the need for co-operation between States and private industry in combating cybercrime and the need to protect legitimate interests in the use and development of information technologies;

Believing that an effective fight against cybercrime requires increased, rapid and well-functioning international co-operation in criminal matters;

Convinced that the present Convention is necessary to deter action directed against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer systems, networks and computer data as well as the misuse of such systems, networks and data by providing for the criminalisation of such conduct, as described in this Convention, and the adoption of

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powers sufficient for effectively combating such criminal offences, by facilitating their detection, investigation and prosecution at both the domestic and international levels and by providing arrangements for fast and reliable international co-operation;

Mindful of the need to ensure a proper balance between the interests of law enforcement and respect for fundamental human rights as enshrined in the 1950 Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the 1966 United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other applicable international human rights treaties, which reaffirm the right of everyone to hold opinions without interference, as well as the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, and the rights concerning the respect for privacy;

Mindful also of the right to the protection of personal data, as conferred, for example, by the 1981 Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data;

Considering the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 1999 International Labour Organization Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention;

Taking into account the existing Council of Europe conventions on co-operation in the penal field, as well as similar treaties which exist between Council of Europe member States and other States, and stressing that the present Convention is intended to supplement those conventions in order to make criminal investigations and proceedings concerning criminal offences related to computer systems and data more effective and to enable the collection of evidence in electronic form of a criminal offence;

Welcoming recent developments which further advance international understanding and co-operation in combating cybercrime, including action taken by the United Nations, the OECD, the European Union and the G8;……..

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Have agreed as follows:

Chapter I – Use of terms. Article 1 – Definitions.

For the purposes of this Convention:

a."computer system" means any device or a group of interconnected or related devices, one or more of which, pursuant to a program, performs automatic processing of data;

b."computer data" means any representation of facts, information or concepts in a form suitable for processing in a computer system, including a program suitable to cause a computer system to perform a function;

c."service provider" means:

i.any public or private entity that provides to users of its service the ability to communicate by means of a computer system, and

ii.any other entity that processes or stores computer data on behalf of such communication service or users of such service.

d. "traffic data" means any computer data relating to a communication by means of a computer system, generated by a computer system that formed a part in the chain of communication, indicating the communication’s origin, destination, route, time, date, size, duration, or type of underlying service.

Chapter II – Measures to be taken at the national level.

Section 1 – Substantive criminal law.

Title 1 – Offences against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems.

Article 2 – Illegal access.

Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law, when committed intention-