Материал: Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

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Exercise 24. Find in the text above the English equivalents for these word combinations.

неотъемлемое право на жизнь, лишить жизни, отменить смертную казнь, в соответствии с действующим законодательством, на момент совершения преступления, не противоречить положениям, право на помилование или смягчение приговора, подвергаться пыткам, бесчеловечное и унизительное обращение, без добровольного согласия, рабство и работорговля, не препятствовать, во исполнение приговора, законность задержания, право на компенсацию по решению суда, с уважением присущего человеку достоинства, право на свободу передвижения и выбор места жительства, налагаемые законом ограничения, выдворить из страны, презумпция невиновности, вынуждать свидетельствовать против себя, судебная ошибка, незаконное вмешательство, свободы совести и вероисповедания, свобода высказывать собственное мнение, пропаганда войны, подстрекательство к, основная ячейка общества, в случае расторжения брака, тайное голосование, доступ к государственным услугам, национальные меньшинства.

Exercise 25. Cover the text above and fill in appropriate prepositions.

1.The inherent right ___ life shall be protected ___ law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived ___ his life.

2.Sentence ___ death may be imposed only ___ the most serious crimes ___ accordance ___ the law ___ force

___ the time ___ the crime commission.

3.No one shall be subjected ___ torture or ___ cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

4.No one shall be held ___ slavery; slavery and the slave-trade ___ all their forms shall be prohibited.

5.No one shall be deprived ___ his liberty except ___

such grounds and ___ accordance ___ such procedure as are established by law.

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6.Juvenile offenders shall be segregated ___ adults and be accorded treatment appropriate ___ their age and legal status.

7.Everyone lawfully ___ the territory ___ a State shall have the right ___ liberty ___ movement and freedom ___

choose his residence.

8.An alien lawfully ___ the territory ___ a State Party ___

the present Covenant may be expelled there ___ only ___

pursuance ___ a decision reached ___ accordance ___ Law.

9.Everyone charged ___ a criminal offence shall have the right ___ be presumed innocent ___ proved guilty according ___ law.

10.No one shall be liable ___ be tried or punished again ___ an offence ___ which he has already been finally convicted.

11.No one shall be subjected ___ arbitrary or unlawful interference ___ his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor ___ unlawful attacks ___ his honour and reputation.

12.Everyone shall have the right ___ hold opinions ___

interference.

13.All persons are equal ___ the law and are entitled ___

any discrimination ___ the equal protection ___ the law.

Exercise 26. Complete these sentences.

1.Everyone shall have the right to _________________

2.No one shall be subjected to ____________________

3.No one shall be deprived of ____________________

4.Every child shall have _________________________

5.Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity __

6.Law shall prohibit ____________________

Exercise 27. Answer these questions.

1.Which human rights are considered inherent? Why?

2.Are you for or against abolishing the death penalty? What does the law provide about the capital punishment in our country?

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3.Is the performance of hard labour imposed in pursuance of a sentence to some punishment by a competent court? What offences can be punished this way?

4.What rights do arrested or detained persons have?

5.What is the essential aim of the penitentiary system?

6.Is a person protected against interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, or attacks on his honour and reputation?

7.What does the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion include?

8.What propaganda war shall be prohibited by law?

9.What do the right of peaceful assembly and the right to freedom of association mean?

10.Is equality of rights and responsibilities of spouses ensured?

11.What rights does the necessary protection of any children involve?

12.What rights shall every citizen have?

13.Are all persons entitled to the equal protection of the law?

14.What rights shall minorities not be denied?

Exercise 28. Read the information from Google company’s blog post in January 2010. Say what rights of Chinese citizens are infringed?

“These attacks and the surveillance they have uncovered – combined with the attempts over the past year to further limit free speech on the web – have led us to conclude that we should review the feasibility of our business operations in China. We have decided we are no longer willing to continue censoring our results on Google.com, and so over the next few weeks we will be discussing with the Chinese government the basis on which we could operate an unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all. We recognize that this may well mean having to shut down Google.com, and potentially our offices in China”.

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Exercise 29. Read the Google vs. China story and answer these questions.

1.When did Google go into China, and why?

2.Are there financial reasons for Google to be in China,

too?

3.What changed to make Google stop going along with Chinese censorship laws?

4.Does Google censor Web content in other countries?

That's the Google vs. China story in a nutshell.

Google made $300 million in China last year alone, according to CNNMoney. And the Chinese Internet market is expected to grow considerably as the Asian country continues to industrialize. But on January 27, 2006, some eight years after Google first incorporated, the San Francisco, California-based search engine decided to launch Google.cn, a Chinese version of its Web site. Google's global Web site – Google.com – had been available in China before that, but it was censored and at times shut down by the Chinese government.

China's communist leadership restricts Internet content and political speech, so Google had to agree to censor some of its Internet search results in order to do business in China. Google says Chinese hackers tapped into the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists and conducted a "highly sophisticated and targeted attack on our corporate infrastructure."China denies these claims, but the situation caused Google to promise to stop censoring its results in China unless some kind of new agreement could be arranged between Google and China”.

Google caters its search site to censorship and privacy laws of countries where it operates. Among them: In Germany, France and Poland, it's illegal to publish material that denies the Holocaust. So Google filters search results that do so. And in Turkey, videos that the government says mock "Turkishness," are filtered by Google for its Google.com.tr Web site.

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Exercise 30. Answer and debate these questions.

1.Are you for or against censoring Web content in Russia?

2.What materials should be denied to publish, in your opinion? Give your reasons.

Exercise 31. Discuss these issues.

1.As human rights issues grow, they provoke more and more debate.

2.Is freedom from economic hardship, as many socialist countries claim, the most important right?

3.Are economic refugees appearing to be, entitled to asylum in a foreign country?

4.Is the death penalty, as Amnesty has argued since 1977, always a violation of human rights?

5.What about the right not to be sentenced to corporal (physical) punishment?

6.Should an individual have the right to practice his/her religion in a public place?

7.Should men have the right to have a homosexual relationship?

8.Do all people enjoy the right to medical treatment?

OVER TO YOU

Analyze the quotation below and write a paragraph containing two arguments for and two against this statement.

"Matters such as corporal punishment and the status of women should be left up to individual societies, not international organizations".

Exercise 32. Read the following article and express your opinion about the fasts discussed in it. Give a summary of the article.