Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

80

Muscles

M. depressor anguli oris. [[Triangularis]]. o:

16

Lateral pterygoid muscle. M. pterygoideus

1

1

Anterior and lateral part of mandible. i: Angle

lateralis. o: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid

of mouth. I: Facial nerve. A

plate and lower surface of greater wing of sphe-

2

2

M. transversus menti. Transverse muscular

noid. Arises by two heads (variant: three heads),

connection between the right and left depres-

one from the discocapsular system, the other

from the pterygoid fossa. The inferior head pulls

sor anguli oris muscles below the chin. I: Facial

3

the mandible and discocapsular system forward.

nerve. A

The superior head determines the velocity at

3 M. risorius. o: Parotid fascia and buccal skin. i:

4

which the discocapsular system is pulled back

Angle of mouth. I: Facial nerve. A

into place. I: Mandibular nerve. B

4

M. zygomaticus major. o: Lateral side of zygo-

17

Medial pterygoid muscle. M. pterygoideus me-

5

matic bone. i: Angle of mouth. I: Facial nerve. A

dialis. o: Pterygoid fossa and tuber of maxilla. i:

5 M. zygomaticus minor. o: Anterior side of zy-

Pterygoid tuberosity and inner aspect of angle of

6

gomatic bone. i: Upper lip. I: Facial nerve. A

mandible. It courses obliquely downward and

6

M. levator labii superioris [[quadratus labii

backward and is a synergist to the temporalis

and masseter muscles. I: Mandibular nerve. B

sup., M. levator nasi et labii maxillaris lat.]]. o:

7

18

Buccopharyngeal fascia. Fascia buccopharyn-

Above the infra-orbital foramen. Radiates into

orbicularis oris. I: Facial nerve. A

gea. It lies on the buccinator muscle and extends

8

7

M. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi [[quad-

from the angle of the mouth deeply as far as the

pharyngeal constrictor muscle. C

ratus labii sup., M. lev. nasi et labii maxillaris

19

Masseteric fascia. Fascia masseterica. Fascia

9

med]]. o: Medial to orbit. i: Nasal ala and upper

covering the masseter muscle, part of which at-

lip. I: Facial nerve. A

taches below the parotid at the upper end of the

8

M. depressor labii inferioris [[quadr. labii inf.]].

10

zygomatic arch. D

Located below the depressor anguli oris. o: Pla-

20 Parotid fascia. Fascia parotidea. Fascial covering

tysmaandmandible.i:Lowerlip.I:Facialnerve.A

of the parotid, partly identical with the masse-

11

9

M. levator anguli oris [[Caninus]]. o: Canine

teric fascia. D

fossa. i: Angle of mouth. I: Facial nerve. A

21

Temporal fascia. Fascia temporalis. External

12

9 a Modiolus. Palpable muscular mass lateral to the

connective tissue investment of the temporalis

angle of the mouth. Point of convergence of adja-

muscle between the superior temporal line and

cent muscles radiating into the orbicularis oris.

the zygomatic arch. It consists of the following

13

10

M. buccinator. Cheek muscle. o: Pterygoman-

two layers. D

dibular raphe and adjoining parts of upper and

22

Superficial layer. Lamina superficialis. Layer of

14

lower jaw. i: Angle of mouth and orbicularis oris.

the temporal fascia attached to the outer margin

I: Facial nerve. A B

of the zygomatic arch. D

15

11

M. mentalis. Arises over the roots of the lower

23

Deep layer. Lamina profunda. Layer of the tem-

incisors. i: Skin of chin (chin dimple). I: Facial

poral fascia attached to the inner margin of the

nerve. A

zygomatic arch. D

16

12

M. masseter. Most prominent masticatory

24

NECK MUSCLES. Musculi colli (cervicis). A C

muscle. Closes jaw and, together with the tem-

25

Platysma. Cutaneous muscle occupying an ex-

17

poral and medial pterygoid muscles, determines

tensive area of the neck. It extends from the

the degree of masticatory power. It is comprised

lower part of the face to the upper thorax. I: Fa-

of a superficial and deep part. I: Mandibular

cial nerve. A D

18

nerve. A C

26

Sternocleidomastoid muscle. M. sternoclei-

13

Superficial part. Pars superficialis. o: Anterior

domastoideus. o: Sternum und clavicle. i: Mas-

19

two-thirds of zygomatic arch. i: Angle of

toid process and superior nuchal line. It elevates

mandible. It courses obliquely backward and

the chin and rotates it to the opposite side. I: Ac-

20

downward. It also draws the mandible some-

cesory nerve, cervical plexus. C

what forward. C

7

3

6

9

4

5

3

12

5

6

1

8

11

7

8

25

2

15

9

10

A

Facial muscles, anterior view

16

11

12

12

17

10

Masticatory

14

B

13

muscles

13

14

18

26

15

16

17

22

18

19

23

20

Muscles of head and neck,

C

20

21

right inferior view

19

22

23

25

82

Muscles

M. longus colli. Arches to connect the 2nd to 5th

15

M. omohyoideus. o: Upper margin of scapula

1

1

cervical vertebrae with the lower cervical and

medial to scapular notch. i: Body of hyoid bone.

upper thoracic vertebrae. Its fibers also extend

An intermediate tendon situated above the

2

from the vertebral bodies to the transverse

jugular vein divides it into two bellies. A: Draws

processes with the C6 transverse process as the

the hyoid downward and tenses the cervical fas-

central point. A: Lateral and forward flexion of

cia. I: see p. 13. A C

3

the neck. I: Ventral ramus of spinal nerve. D

16

Superior belly. Venter superior. Upper segment

2

M. scalenus anterior. o: Transverse processes of

of omohyoid between the hyoid and interme-

4

C3−6. i: Scalene tubercle on 1st rib. A: Elevation of

diate tendon. A

1st rib, lateral flexion and rotation of neck. It sep-

17

Inferior belly. Venter inferior. Lower half of

5

arates the anterior and posterior or scalenus

gaps. I: see p. 1. D

omohyoid from the intermediate tendon to the

scapular notch. A

3 M. scalenus medius. o: Transverse processes of

6

18

M. sternothyroideus. o: Posterior surface of

C2−7. i: 1st rib behind groove for subclavian

artery. A: Elevation of 1st rib and lateral flexion of

manubrium and 1st rib. i: Oblique line of thyroid

7

cartilage. A: Draws larynx downward. I: see p. 13.

neck. I: see p. 1. D

A

4

M. scalenus posterior. o: Transverse processes

19

M. thyrohyoideus. o: Oblique line of thyroid

8

of C4−6. i: Upper margin of 2nd rib. A: Elevates the

cartilage. i: Greater horn of hyoid bone. A: Brings

rib, laterally flexes the neck. I: see p. 1. D

hoyid and thyroid cartilage closer together. I: C1

9

5

[M. scalenus minimus]. Extra muscle occasion-

via hypoglossal nerve. A

ally present between scalenus anterior and me-

20 [M. levator glandulae thyroideae]. Part of the

10

dius. o: Transverse processes of C6 or 7. i: 1st rib

thyrohyoid muscle that extends to the thyroid

and pleural cupola.

gland.

6

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES M. suprahyoidei. The

21 CERVICAL FASCIA. Fascia cervicalis. Collective

11

following muscles above the hyoid bone. A

term for the connective tissue layers of the neck.

7 M. digastricus. o: Notch medial to the mastoid

22 Superficial (investing) layer. Lamina superfi-

12

process. i: Inner side of mandible. It has an inter-

cialis. Superficial layer of cervical fascia that sur-

mediate tendon which acts on the lesser horn of

rounds the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

13

the hyoid bone by means of a connective tissue

muscles. It is attached to the anterior margin of

sling. A: Elevation of hyoid. A

the manubrium, the clavicle and the mandible. C

8

Anterior belly. Venter anterior. It extends from

14

23

Pretracheal layer. Lamina pretrachealis. Layer

the mandible to the intermediate tendon. A:

Pulls mandible forward and depresses it. I: Mylo-

that spreads

between

the

two omohyoid

15

muscles and is attached to the posterior margin

hyoid nerve. A E

of the manubrium and clavicle. It surrounds the

9

Posterior belly. Venter posterior. It passes from

infrahyoid muscles. C

16

the mastoid process to the intermediate tendon.

24

Prevertebral

layer. Lamina

prevertebralis.

A: It draws back the hyoid bone. I: Facial nerve. A

Layer that lies between the vertebral column and

17

E

pharyngeal constrictors as well as the

10

M. stylohyoideus. o: Styloid process. i: Lesser

esophagus, covers the scaleni muscles and con-

18

horn of hyoid bone. It accompanies the posterior

tains the sympathetic trunk and phrenic nerve. C

belly of the digastric muscle and can pass

25

Carotid sheath. Vagina

carotica. Connective

through it via a fissure. A: It pulls the hyoid back-

tissue investing the neurovascular bundle

19

ward and upward. I: Facial nerve. A E

(carotid artery, jugular vein and vagus nerve)

11

M. mylohyoideus. Muscle of the floor of the

and continuous with the pretracheal layer. C

22

12

M. geniohyoideus. o: Mental spine. i: Body of

hyoid bone. A: Draws the hyoid forward and up-

ward. I: C1 via the hypoglossal nerve. B

23

13

Infrahyoid muscles. Mm. infrahyoidei. The

muscles below the hyoid bone (infrahyoid m.). I:

24

Ansa cervicalis. A

84

Muscles

MUSCLES OF THORAX. Musculi thoracis. A−F

18

Internal intercostal membrane. Membrana in-

1

1

2

[M. sternalis]. Muscle that occasionally (4%)

tercostalis interna. Continuation of the internal

intercostal muscles from the rib angle to the

crosses the pectoralis major muscle parallel and

2

vertebrae. E

proximal to the sternum. A

3

M. pectoralis major. Consists of the three parts

19

Innermost intercostal muscles. Mm. inter-

3

costales intimi. Internal portion of the internal

listed below (nos. 4−6). o: Clavicle, sternum, first

intercostal muscles separated by the intercostal

4−6 costal cartilages and rectus sheath. i: Crest of

vessels. F

4

greater tubercle and humerus. A: Adduction and

20

Subcostal muscles. Mm. subcostales. Internal

medial rotation of arm. I: Medial and lateral pec-

toral nerves. A

intercostal muscles that pass over 1−2 ribs. I:

5

4

Clavicular part. Pars clavicularis. The portion

see p. 17. E

21

M. transversus thoracis. Situated on the inner

originating from the clavicle. A

6

5

Sternocostal part. Pars stenocostalis. The por-

surface of the anterior thoracic wall, it radiates

obliquely upward from the sternum to costal

tion arising from the sternum and ribs. A

cartilages 2−6. I: see p. 17. C

7

6

Abdominal part. Pars abdominalis. The portion

22

Thoracic fascia. Fascia thoracica. Epimysium of

arising from the rectus sheath. A

the inner thoracic musculature.

Draws scapula forward and downward and ribs

tween the thoracic and abdominal cavities. I:

9

upward. Accessory respiratory muscle. I: see

Phrenic nerve. C D

p. 3. A

24 Lumbar part of diaphragm. Pars lumbalis dia-

10

8

M. subclavius. o: 1st costal cartilage. i: Lower

phragmatis. Medial part of the diaphragm aris-

surface of clavicle. A: Stabilizes sternoclavicular

ing from the lumbar vertebral bodies, inter-

joint against tension. I: Subclavian nerve. A

vertebral discs and fibrous arches. D

11

9

Pectoral fascia. Fascia pectoralis. It covers the

25

Right crus of lumbar part. Crus dextrum. o:

pectoralis major muscle, is attached to the

L1−3(4). D

12

clavicle and sternum and is continuous with the

26

Left crus of

lumbar part. Crus sinistrum. o:

axillary fascia.

L1−2(3). D

13

10

Clavipectoral fascia. Fascia clavipectoralis. Fas-

27

Costal part of diaphragm. Pars costalis dia-

cia attached to the coracoid process and the

phragmatis. The part of the diaphragm originat-

14

clavicle. It covers the pectoralis minor and sub-

ing from ribs 7−12. C D

clavius muscles. A

28 Sternal part of diaphragm. Pars sternalis dia-

11

M. serratus anterior. o: Ribs 1−9. i: Medial mar-

phragmatis. The part of the diaphragm arising

15

gin of scapula. A: Supports, lowers and rotates

from the sternum. C D

the scapula and draws it forward. It assists in

29 Aortic (opening) hiatus. Hiatus aorticus. Pas-

16

raising the arm high above the horizontal plane.

sageway for the aorta between the right and left

I: Long thoracic nerve. A

crus of the lumbar part. D

12 Mm. levatores costarum. Muscles behind and

17

30

Esophageal

(opening) hiatus. Hiatus oe-

below the long back muscles. o: Thoracic trans-

sophageus. Passageway for the esophagus and

verse processes. i: Ribs. I: Posterior ramus of spi-

the vagus nerves above the aortic opening. D

18

nal nerve. B

31 Central tendon. Centrum tendineum. Clover-

13

Mm. levatores costarum longi. o: Transverse

leaf-shaped, tendinous central area of the dia-

19

processes. i: Passes over a rib to insert on the next

phragm. D

lower rib. A: Elevates the ribs. B

32 Foramen for the inferior vena cava. Foramen

14

Mm. levatores costarum breves. o: Transverse

20

venae cavae. Opening in the central tendon for

process. i: Next lower rib. B

the inferior vena cava. D

15

External intercostal muscles. Mm. inter33

Medial arcuate ligament. Lig. arcuatum medi-

21

costales externi. They extend obliquely forward

ale. Tendinous arch between the body and trans-

and downward between the ribs. A: Inspiration,

verse process of L1 or L2 forming the passageway

22

bracing of the ribs. I: Intercostal nerves. A E F

for the psoas muscle. D

16

External intercostal membrane. Membrana in-

34

Lateral arcuate ligament. Lig. arcuatum

23

tercostalis externa. Membrane that replaces the

laterale. Tendinous arch over the quadratus lum-

external intercostal muscles anteriorly between

borum muscle between the transverse process

the costal cartilages. A

of L1 and the 12th rib. D

24

17

Internal intercostal muscles. Mm. intercostales

35

Median arcuate ligament. Lig. arcuatum medi-

interni. They pass obliquely backward and

anum. Tendinous arch over the aortic hiatus. D