Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

76

Muscles

[[Medial tract]]. [Tractus mediale].

20

Thoracolumbar fascia. Fascia thoracolumbalis.

1

1

2

M. spinalis. Muscular system attached to the

Encasing fascia of the erector spinae muscle. It

is attached to the spinous processes with a su-

spinous processes and consisting of the follow-

2

perficial layer, to the costal processes with a

ing three segments: See p. 75 B

3

M. spinalis thoracis. o: Transverse processes

deep layer, both layers being united laterally.

Associated muscles: transversus abdominis,

3

of T11−L2. i: Spinous processes of T2−11. A:

serrati posteriores, latissimus dorsi and, in

Back flexion. See p. 75 C

some cases, the internal oblique muscle of the

4

4

M. spinalis cervicis. o: Transverse processes of

abdomen. F

C6−T2. i: Spinous processes of C2−4. A: Back

21

Nuchal fascia. Fascia nuchae (nuchalis). Dorsal

flexion. See p. 75 C

continuation of the superficial layer of the cer-

5

5

M. spinalis capitis. Inconstant part of semispi-

vical fascia. (Investing fascia of the true neck

nalis capitis with additional origins from the

musculature.)

6

upper thoracic and lower cervical spinous

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HEAD MUSCLES. Musculi capitis.

processes.

23

MM. SUBOCCIPITALES. The following seven

7

6

MM. INTERSPINALES. Unlike the spinal muscles,

muscles:

these muscles extend only between the

24

M. rectus capitis anterior. o: Lateral mass of

spinous processes of continuous vertebrae. A:

8

Dorsiflexion. C D

the atlas. i: Basilar part of occipital bone. A: For-

7

Mm. interspinales cervicis. These are paired

ward flexion of head. I: Anterior rami of spinal

nerves. E

9

because of the bifid cervical spinous processes.

25 M. rectus capitis posterior major. o: Spinous

D

process of axis. i: Middle of inferior nuchal line.

10

8

Mm. interspinales thoracis. Usually absent. C

A: Outward rotation and dorsiflexion of head. I:

9

Mm.

interspinales

lumborum.

Especially

Suboccipital nerve. D. See also p. 79 A

11

strong muscle bands. C

26

M. rectus capitis posterior minor. o: Posterior

10

MM. TRANSVERSOSPINALES. Collective term for

tubercle of atlas. i: Inner third of inferior nuchal

12

the following nine muscles. A B C

line. A: Mainly dorsiflexion of head. I: Sub-

occipital nerve. D. See also p. 79 A

11 M. semispinalis. The longest superficial por-

13

tion of the transversospinales. It spans four or

more vertebrae and comprises the following

three segments: A B

14

12

M. semispinalis thoracis. o: Transverse

processes of T7−I2. i: Spinous processes of C6−

15

T6. A: Primarily dorsiflexion. A

13

M.

semispinalis

cervicis. o:

Transverse

17

14

M. semispinalis capitis. o: Transverse

processes of C4−T6. i: Occipital bone between

superior and inferior nuchal lines. A: Dorsiflex-

18

ion of head and rotation, depending on starting

position. A

19

15

Mm. multifidi. Portion of the transversospinal

system spanning 2−4 vertebrae. A: Dor-

solateral flexion and slight rotation. B

20

16

Mm. rotatores. Deepest layer of the transver-

sospinal system with short fibers taking an

21

especially transverse course, thereby providing

stronger rotation. They attach to an adjacent or

superior vertebra. A B C

22

17

Mm. rotatores cervicis. o: Inferior articular

process. i: Arch or root of spinous process of

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cervical vertebrae. A

18

Mm. rotatores thoracis. o: Transverse process

24

of thoracic vertebrae. i: Spinous process. A C

78

Muscles

M. rectus capitis lateralis. o: Transverse

of the eye. Comprises three segments. It closes

1

1

process of atlas. i: Jugular process of occipital

the eyelids and assists the flow of tears into the

bone. A: Lateral flexion of head. I: Anterior rami

lacrimal sac and into the nose. i: Facial nerve. C

2

of spinal nerves C1−2. A B, see also p. 77 E

D

2

M. obliquus capitis superior. o: Transverse

18

Palpebral part. Pars palpebralis. Fibers sit-

3

process of atlas. i: Field above attachment of

uated in the eyelids passing from the medial

rectus capitis posterior major. A: Backward and

palpebral ligament and the adjacent bones to

lateral flexion of head. I: Posterior rami of spi-

the lateral palpebral ligament. C

4

nal nerves C1−2. A, see also p. 77 D

19

Orbital part. Pars orbitalis. Arises from the

3

M. obliquus inferior. o: Spinous process of axis.

medial palpebral ligament and adjacent bones,

5

i: Transverse process of atlas. A: Lateral rotation

thus encircling the eye. C

of atlas and face toward the same side. I: Poste-

20

Lacrimal part. Pars lacrimalis. o: Posterior

rior rami of spinal nerves C1−2. A, see also p. 77

6

D

lacrimal crest. It curves around the lacrimal

canaliculus, extends partially behind the lacri-

4 M. longus capitis. o: Anterior tubercle of trans-

mal sac and radiates into the palpebral part of

7

verse processes of C3−6. i: Basal part of occipi-

the orbicularis oculi muscle below the medial

tal bone. A: Forward and lateral flexion of head

and cervical vertebral column. I: Anterior rami

palpebral ligament. D

8

of spinal nerves C1−2. B

21

M. corrugator supercilii. o: Nasal part of fron-

5 FACIAL AND MASTICATORY MUSCLES. Musculi

tal bone. i: Skin over the middle of the eyebrow.

faciales et masticatorii.

Located below the orbicularis oculi muscle. I:

9

6 M. epicranius. Collective term for the muscles

Facial nerve. D

attaching to the galea aponeurotica. I: Facial

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M. depressor supercilii. Muscle medial to the

10

nerve. C

corrugator supercilii that radiates from the

7

M. occipitofrontalis. Muscle extending ante-

orbicular oculi into the skin of the medial part

11

riorly and posteriorly into the galea

of the eyebrow. I: Facial nerve. D

aponeurotica. C

23

M. auricularis anterior. Muscle in front of the

8 Frontal belly. Venter frontalis. The portion of the

ear. o: Temporal fascia. i: Spine of helix. I: Facial

12

occipitofrontalis which passes from the galea

nerve. C

aponeurotica to the eyebrows. A: Moves scalp

24 M. auricularis superior. o: Galea aponeurotica.

13

forward and raises the eyebrows. C

i: Root of pinna. I: Facial nerve. C

9 Occipital belly. Venter occipitalis. The portion of

25 M. auricularis posterior. o: Mastoid process. i:

14

the occipitofrontalis which passes from the su-

Root of pinna. I: Facial nerve. C

preme nuchal line to the galea aponeurotica. A:

Moves galea aponeurotica backward. C

26

M. orbicularis oris. Encircles the mouth open-

15

10

M. temporoparietalis. o. Region of superior

ing and consists of two parts (see nos. 27, 28). It

auricular muscle. i: Galea aponeurotica. C

assists in closing the lips and helps to empty

11

Galea aponeurotica (aponeurosis epicrania-

the vestibule of the mouth. I: Facial nerve. C D E

16

27

Marginal part. Pars marginalis. The peripheral

lis). Displaceable, helmet-like, superficial ten-

don for the two parts of the epicranius. It lies

margin radiating into the neighboring muscles.

17

against the periosteum and is attached to the

D

supreme nuchal line and to the external occipi-

28

Labial part. Pars labialis. The main part of the

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tal protuberance. C

orbicularis oris including the portion which

12

M. procerus. o: Dorsum of nose. i: Skin above

takes a hook-like bend externally below the red

the nose. A: Depression of frontal skin. I: Facial

portion of the lips. C D E

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nerve. C

13 M. nasalis. Common term for the following two

20

nasal muscles: I: Facial nerve. D

14 Transverse part of nasalis. Pars transversa

[[compressor naris]]. o: Field over root of canine

21

tooth. i: Superficial tendon on dorsum of nose.

D

22

15

Alar part of nasalis. Pars alaris [[dilatator

naris]]. o: Above the lateral incisor tooth. i:

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Margins of the nasal openings and the adjacent

region. D