Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

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JOINTS OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE. Articulationes

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Dorsal sacroiliac ligaments. Ligg. sacroiliaca

cinguli pelvici.

posteriora (dorsalia). Superficial bundle of liga-

2 Obturator membrane. Membrana obturatoria.

ments attached dorsally

to the interosseous

2

sacroiliac ligaments between the sacrum and

Membrane which closes off the obturator fora-

men except for the obturator canal. It is covered

ilium. B

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Pubic symphsis. Symphysis pubica. Synchon-

3

by the obturator externus and internus muscles.

A B C D

drosis that articulates with the interpubic disc. A

3

Obturator canal. Canalis obturatorius. Opening

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Superior pubic ligament. Lig. pubicum su-

4

in the supralateral part of the obturator mem-

perius. Fibrous connection between the two

brane. It corresponds to the obturator groove be-

halves of the symphysis emanating from the pec-

5

tween the

two obturator

tubercles

and is

ten ossis pubis on either side. A

traversed by the obturator artery, vein and nerve.

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Arcuate pubic ligament. Lig. arcuatum pubis.

A C D

Strong, curved ligament below the symphysis. A

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4

Lumbosacral joint. Articulatio lumbosacralis.

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Interpubic disc. Discus interpubicus. Fibrocar-

Articulation between the sacrum and lumbar

tilage plate with a synovia-filled median groove,

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vertebra 5 (4). A

located between the articular surfaces made of

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Iliolumbar ligament. Lig. iliolumbale. Strong

hyaline cartilage on the right and left pubic

ligament thatpasses to the ilium mainly from the

bones. A

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transverse processes of L4 and 5. A B

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JOINTS OF THE FREE LOWER LIMB. Articula-

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Sacrotuberous

ligament. Lig. sacrotuberale.

tiones membri inferioris liberi.

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Strong ligament that extends from the medial

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HIP JOINT. Articulatio coxae (iliofemoralis). Joint

margin of the ischial tuberosity to the sacrum

formed by the acetabulum and the head of the

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and ilium. B D

femur. A B C

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Falciform

process.

Processus

falciformis.

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Joint capsule. Capsula articularis. It is attached

Slender extension of fibers from the sacro-

anteriorly to the intertrochanteric line, posteri-

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tuberous ligament to the inner aspect of the

orly above to the intertrochanteric crest. A frac-

ischium. B D

ture of the neck of the femur can therefore be in-

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8

Sacrospinous

ligament.

Lig.

sacrospinale.

tracapsular when in the anterior region or extra-

Fibrous band medial to the sacrotuberous liga-

capsular when in the posterior region. A

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ment. It passes from the ischial spine to the

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Orbicular zone. Zona orbicularis. Ligamentous

sacrum and coccyx and separates the greater

fibers encircling the neck of the femur. B

from the lesser sciatic foramen. B D

23 Iliofemoral ligament. Lig. iliofemorale. Strong

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9

Greater sciatic foramen. Foramen sciaticum

anteriorligamentofthehipjointcapsuleextend-

(ischiadicum) majus. Foramen between the

ing from the ilium to the intertrochanteric line. A

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greater sciatic notch, sacrum, sacrospinous liga-

B

ment and the upper part of the sacrotuberous

24 Ischiofemoral ligament. Lig. ischiofemorale. It

ligament. It is traversed by the piriformis muscle,

radiates into the orbicular zone from the poste-

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superior and inferior gluteal arteries, veins and

rior margin of the acetabulum and is also at-

nerves, the internal pudendal vein, pudendal

tached to the anterior margin of the greater tro-

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nerve, sciatic nerve and posterior femoral cu-

chanter and to the intertrochanteric line. B

taneous nerve. A B D

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Pubofemoral ligament.

Lig. pubofemorale.

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Lesser sciatic foramen. Foramen sciaticum

Ligament that arises medially from the joint cap-

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(ischiadicum) minus. Foramen between the

sule of the pubic bone and extends to the orbicu-

lesser sciatic notch and the sacrospinous and

lar zone and to the part of the femur proximal to

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sacrotuberous ligaments. It transmits the obtu-

the lesser trochanter. A

rator internus muscle as well as the internal pu-

26 Acetabular lip. Labrum acetabulare. A ring of fi-

dendal artery and vein and the pudendal nerve to

brocartilage and connective tissue that

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the ischiorectal fossa. B D

completes and deepens the bony acetabulum. C

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Sacroiliac

joint. Articulatio sacroiliaca. Joint

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Transverse acetabular

ligament. Lig. trans-

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connected by fibers that permits little motion

versumacetabuli.Itbridgestheacetabularnotch.

[[amphiarthrosis]]. It

is located

between the

C

sacrum and the ilium and may become syn-

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Ligament of head of femur. Lig. capitis femoris.

osteotic. A

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Ventral sacroiliac ligaments. Ligg. sacroiliaca

A smooth ligament extending from the acetabu-

lar notch to the pit on the head of the femur. It

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anteriora (ventralia). Thin but broad fibrous

transmits blood vessels and has no direct me-

bandsthatextendfromtheanteriorsurfaceofthe

chanical action. C

first and second sacral vertebrae to the ilium. A D

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Interosseous

sacroiliac

ligaments.

Ligg.

sacroiliaca interossea. Dorsal mass of ligaments

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Knee joint. Articulatio genus [genualis]. A B C D E

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Oblique popliteal ligament. Lig. popliteum ob-

2

Lateral meniscus. Meniscus lateralis. Roughly

liquum. Fibrous band originating in the posterior

wall of the capsule, extending upward and out-

circular ring, the superficial layer of which is

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ward from the tendon of the semimembranous

made of fibrocartilage, whereas the deep layer is

more tendinous. It is located below the lateral

muscle, thereby reinforcing the capsule. C

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femoral condyle and has close-set bases. It is

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Arcuate popliteal ligament. Lig. popliteum ar-

relatively mobile because it is not fused with the

cuatum. Curved band of fibers extending from

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lateral collateral ligament. B D E

the epicondyle, across the origin of the popliteal

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Anterior

meniscofemoral

ligament.

Lig.

muscle to the head of the fibula, thus reinforcing

meniscofemorale anterius. Fibrous band oc-

the posterior wall of the capsule. C

5

casionallyfoundconnectingtheposteriorpartof

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Patellar ligament. Ligamentum patellae. Wide

the lateral meniscus with the anterior cruciate

(2−3 cm) and thick (ca. 0.5 cm) fibrous band

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ligament. It passes in front of the posterior

that forms the continuation of the tendon of the

cruciate ligament. D E

quadriceps femoris muscle. It extends from the

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Posterior

meniscofemoral

ligament.

Lig.

apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity. A

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meniscofemorale posterius. It passes posterior

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Medial retinaculum of patella. Retinaculum

to the lateral meniscus to the fibular surface of

patellae mediale. Aponeurosis from a part of the

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the medial femoral condyle behind the posterior

vastus medialis muscle that extends medially

cruciate ligament. D E

from the patella and attaches to the medial mar-

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5

Medial meniscus. Meniscus medialis. A cres-

gin of the tibial tuberosity. It maintains the path-

cent-shaped ring segment located below the

way of movement of the patella via muscular

medial femoral condyle. It is not very mobile be-

contraction and serves as a reserve extension ap-

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cause it is fused with the medial collateral liga-

paratus. A

ment. Its histological structure is like that of the

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Lateral retinaculum of patella. Retinaculum

lateral meniscus. B D E

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patellae laterale. Aponeurosis of a part of the

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Transverse ligament of knee. Lig. transversum

vastus lateralis lateral to the patella with attach-

genus [genuale]. Transverse ligament joining

ment lateral to the tibial tuberosity. Its action is

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the anterior ends of the lateral and medial

comparable to that of no. 17. A

menisci. B D

19 Infrapatellar fat pad. Corpus adiposum infra-

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ligaments of knee. Ligg. cruciata

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Cruciate

patellare. Large, wedge-shaped mass of fatty

genus [geniualia]. They prevent displacement of

tissue in front of the knee joint space. It includes

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the tibia and femur in the sagittal plane. B E

the infrapatellar alar and synovial folds. A

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Anterior cruciate ligament. Lig. cruciatum an-

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Tibiofibular joint. Articulatio tibiofibularis. Ar-

terius. It passes from the inner surface of the

ticulation between the head of the fibula and the

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lateral femoral condyle obliquely forward and

lateral condyle of the tibia. E

inferomedially to the anterior intercondylar

21 Anterior ligament of head of fibula. Lig. capitis

area. It prevents inward rotation and forward

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fibulae anterius. Group of fibers passing anteri-

displacement of the tibia toward the femur. B D E

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Posterior cruciate ligament. Lig. cruciatum

orly from the head of the fibula to the tibia, thus

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holding the two bones together. A

posterius. It passes from the inner surface of the

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Posterior ligament of head of fibula. Lig.

medial femoral condyle to the posterior condy-

capitis fibulae posterius. Weaker group of fibers

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lar area, stabilizes the joint when flexed, and pre-

extending from the posterior part of the head of

vents backward displacement of the tibia away

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from the femur. B D E

the fibula to the tibia. C D E

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Tibiofibular syndesmosis [joint]. Syndesmosis

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Infrapatellar synovial fold. Plica synovialis in-

frapatellaris. Connective tissue that often con-

[articulatio] tibiofibularis. Distal union of tibia

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tains fat.

It extends from

the infrapatellar

with fibula.

adipose body to the intercondylar fossa. B

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Interosseous membrane. Membrana interos-

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Alar folds. Plicae alares. Deformable, paired

sea cruris. Membrane attached to the interosser-

bulges of the adipose body that fill empty spaces

ous margins of the tibia and fibula. It is the field

in the anterior part of the joint cavity. B

of origin of the lower leg muscles and ensures the

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Fibular collateral ligament. Lig. collaterale

stability of the malleolar bifurcation. A C F G

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Anterior tibiofibular ligament. Lig. tibiofibu-

fibulare. Lateral collateral ligament that extends

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from the lateral epicondyle to the head of the

lare anterius. Anterior fibrous bands connecting

fibula independent of the capsule and meniscus.

the fibular incisure to the lateral malleolus, thus

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A B C D E

stabilizing the malleolar bifurcation. F

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Tibial collateral ligament. Lig. collaterale ti-

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Posterior tibiofibular ligament. Lig. tibiofibu-

biale. Medial collateral ligament extending from

lare posterius. Posterior fibrous bands connect-

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the medial epicondyle to the tibia. It is fused with

ing the fibular incisure to the lateral malleolus,

the joint capsule and the meniscus. A B C D E

thus stabilizing the malleolar bifurcation. G