Материал: Английский Косова

Ukrainian.

near, old, after, natural, uncommon, unable, impossibility, unhappiness.

*Task X. Build: a) nouns; b) adjectives; c) verbs:

adjective + ness	noun +ess	noun +ary	noun + ise
polite, cold, happy, weak, king, great	Actor Host steward	Second Element revolution	Organ Apology revolution

**Task XI. Arrange the following words according to:

1. similar meaning: enormous, excessively, various, great, erection, different, brilliant, a great deal of, splendid, extremely, building, include, involve, many;

b) opposite meaning: different, simplicity, slowly, the same, military inconvenience, non-military, complexity, rapidly, convenience.

**Task XII. Translate the following word-combinations

2. practical work; experimental plot; basic knowledge; research workers; designated route; chief problem; electronic device; electric current; an assortment of; air humidity; wind speed; thickness of snow; field work; at any speed.

*Task XIII. Build corresponding a) nouns, b) verbs, c) adjectives by way of conversions and translate them into Ukrainian

a) verb-noun	b) noun-verb	c) verb-adjective
to turn	a number	to correct
to work	a point	to research
to switch	a face	to hand
to point	a hand	to spring
to start	a date	to summer
to end

*Task XIV Build worlds using the modeles:

Root+dom	mis+verb	un+adjective	pre+verb
free wise king	to inform to take to understand	pleasant happy known	to fabricate to strees to establish

**TaskXV Translate the following group of synonyms into Ukrainian.

really, actually; indeed, in fact; to occur, to happen, to take place; often, frequently; ordinary, usual, common, general; to reduce, to decrease, to diminish; to turn, to rotate, to revolve; to connect, to join; enough, sufficiently; for example, for instance; completely, entirely, fully; device, instrument; profound, deep.

Common prefixes

We can form new words by using prefixes and suffixes, e.g. micro-process-or

prefix + root + suffix.

Prefixes come before the root word and usually change its meaning. Here are some common ones in ICT.

• Negative prefixes meaning 'not': non- Non-volatile memory retains its content when the power is turned off. un- An unformatted disk has not been 'initialized'; it doesn't allow data to be stored.

• Prefixes of location: trans- (= across) Data transmission can be wired or

wireless.

inter- ( = between) The Internet consists of millions of

computers interconnected in a global network, intra- ( = within) An intranet is a private network,

restricted to a company's internal use. extra- (= outside, in addition to) An extranet links a

company with its customers and suppliers, tele- (= over a distance) Teleconferencing enables users in different places to talk to and see each other.

• Prefixes of size: super- (= large, better) A supersite offers links to other

websites on a certain topic, semi- (= half, partly) A semiconductor is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator (e.g. silicon, used to make computer chips), micro- (= small) A microbrovvser is designed to display web pages on PDAs and mobiles. Prefixes of size are also used in units of memory like megabyte and gigabyte.

• Another common prefix is re- in words like reprint, rewritable and reboot, to start the computer again.

Verb prefixes

Prefixes used to form verbs which mean 'to cause to be something':

en- encrypt: to change data into a secret code so that only someone with a key can read it up- update: to modify data in a file and thus ensure the file reflects the latest situation

upgrade: to add or replace hardware or software in order to expand the computer's power upload: to send files to a central, often remote computer; compare with 'download'

Prefixes that mean 'the opposite of an action' or 'to reverse an action': de- decrypt: to convert secretly coded (encrypted) data back into its original form decompress: to restore compressed data back to its original size debug: to correct errors in a program or system

defragment: to reorganize data stored on disk by putting files into contiguous order un- uninstall: to remove hardware or software from a computer system

The prefixes e- and eyber-

The e- prefix means 'electronic'; cyber- describes things relating to computer networks, e- I he term e-learning refers to the use of ICT to provide education and training.

An e-zine is a magazine or newsletter published online.

L-commerce is the buving and selling of products or services over the Internet, cyber- I he electronic space in which online communication takes place is called cyberspace. Cvberslacking means using a company's Internet access for activities which are not work-related, e.g. emailing friends, playing games, etc.; ir is also called 'cyberloaling'.

**Use words from A opposite to complete these sentences.

1. Medical researchers in main countries exchange information through email and

2. memory (e.g. ROM or Hash memory) is able to hold data when switched off.

3. Blogs and weh portals arc examples of ; they offer news, opinions and web links.

4. are used for making integrated circuits and computers.

5. I'll post the agenda tor next week's meeting on the company's

6. A home network is two or more computers to form a local area network.

Complete these definitions with words from A opposite.

1. : a disk that is completely blank, so information can't be recorded onto it

2. : a network that allows communication between a company and the people it

deals with

3. : the process of sending (.lata over a communication channel

4. : to restart the computer, without switching it off completely

5. : a web browser designed for small screens on hand-held devices

**Complete these sentences with words from B opposite and make any necessary changes.

1. The program ran so slowly, I had to un it.

2. Your financial information is fully en and cannot be accessed.

3. Messages encrypted using a public key can only be de by someone with

the corresponding private key.

4. The computer compresses and de a colour image in less than a second.

5. Once you've written a program, you have to test it and cle it to remove all

the errors.

6. In cyberspace, 'up ' means to send a file.

7. Yoti can easily up your files by adding or deleting information.

8. To de your hard disk you need a disk optimizer, a program that will

reorder your files.

9. There are minimum system requirements for vour PC to be suitable for to

Windows Vista.

**Complete this text with words from opposite.

The term 'cyber' first appeared in the word 'cybernetics', coined by Norbert Wiener in 1948 as the science of communication and control. In the 1960s new 'cyber' words emerged, such as cybermen and cyborg, referring to a being that is part robot, part human. In 1984 William Gibson popularized the term (1) in his novel Neuromancer. He used it to describe a futuristic,virtual world of computers, but now it refers to the Internet. Other common word: are cyberworld, cybercafé, and cyberphobia (a fear of computers). Companies are now worried about (2) : employees using the Net to do things that have nothing to do with their jobs, e.g. chat with friends.

The e- prefix is often added to activities that have moved from the physical world to the electronic alternative, e.g. email and e-shopping. Other well-known examples are: (3) , small magazines that are available on the Internet; (4) , doing business electronically on the

Net; and providing instruction via optical discs, the Web or satellite TV.

Common suffixes

Suffixes change the class of the root word. For example, hy adding the suffix -er, the verb publish becomes the noun publisher. Suffixes can tell you if a word is a noun, adjective, verb or adverb.

Suffixes for jobs:

-er manufacturer The two major manufacturers of processor chips are Intel and AMD. webmaster

-eer engineer Greg is a software engineer, which means he writes computer programs. auctioneer

-or animator He worked as a computer animator on Toy Story. perator

-ant IT consultant She's a computer consultant and specializes in e-commerce, data protection

IT assistant and IT strategies, -ian technician A computer technician installs, troubleshoots and upgrades hardware

electrician and software, -ist typist Anyone who works as a typist may develop a problem with their hands. scientist

Other common suffixes in ICT:

Nouns -ion, -ment, -ics, -ity compression, management, robotics, electricity (activity, state)

Adjectives -able, -ible (able to be) programmable (keyboard), convertible (format)

-ful (full of), -less (without) colourful, colourless (picture)

Verbs -ize, -ise (to make) synthesize (music - to make it with a synthesizer)

Word families

It is useful to know how to build up word families by adding suffixes. Look at these examples:

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

magnet, magnetism magnetize magnetic, magnetized magnetically

recorder, recording record recordable, recorded

digitizer, digitizing digitize digital, digitize, digitally

Adding a suffix may change the pronunciation. Look at how the stress changes in these words:

photograph photographer photographic photographically

We love 'wares'

The suffix -ware refers to products of the same type. In computing, software refers to programs executed by a computer, as opposed to the physical devices on which they run - the hardware. It is commonly used to form jargon terms for classes of software.

freeware: available free of charge, bur protected by copyright; it differs from 'free software', which can be changed and distributed subject to licence

shareware: distributed similarly to freeware, except that it requires payment after a trial period

malware: designed to infiltrate or damage a computer (e.g. viruses, trojan horses, spy ware)

spyware: designed to monitor the actions of your computer and send this data via the Net

adware: devised to display advertisements; some includes spyware

groupware: enables a group of people connected to a network to work on the same project

**Which 11 professionals from A opposite are described here?

a person who designs and maintains software applications

a person who gives expert, professional advice

a person who uses graphics .software to make or euit animated pictures

a person who is employed to type letters, reports and Other documents

a person or enterprise that produces goods in large numbers, using machines

a specialist in the technical details of computers

**Complete each sentence using the word in brackets and the correct suffix from A opposite.

1. IBM's Blucdcne is the most supercomputer. (POWER)

2. Most library databases are via the Internet. (ACCESS)

3. I'll email my report to you as an (ATTACH)

4. This book will show you how to your small business. (COMPUTER)

5. An optical disc allows data to be deleted and new data to be recorded on

it. (ERASE)

6. The growth of the Internet has increased the need for effective data (SECURE)

7. The combination of and new textile materials has made it possible to

create musical jackets and smart shirts that can read our heart rate. (ELECTRON)

8. Bluetooth is a technology designed to connect computers, mobile phones

and other devices, replacing direct cable links. (WIRE)

9. Aircraft flight is used to train pilots. (SIMULATE)

Word Combinations. Simple Tenses. Everyday English and Technical English.

I Переклад стійких виразів за допомогою одного із можливих синонімічних виразів

- електронне сканування

1.) electronic scanning - електронна розгортка

- аналіз з електронно – променевою розгорткою

2.) concurrent programming - паралельне програмування

- поєднане програмування

II Калькування: дослівний переклад: hot-dog, hip-hop, translocation.