Материал: 2096

programs against standards developed by the automotive industry. NATEF certifies programs in four different categories: automotive, auto body, trucks (diesel technology) and alternative fuels. Some mechanics are ASE certified, which is a standardized method of testing skill level. While it's not required by law for a mechanic to be certified, some companies only hire or promote employees who have passed ASE tests. The technology used in automobiles changes very rapidly and the mechanic must be prepared to learn these new technologies and

Сsystems.

The auto mechanic has a physically demanding job, often exposed to temperature extremes and well as lifting heavy objects and staying in uncomfortable positions for extended periods as well as exposure to gasoline, иasbestos, and other toxic chemicals. In the UK there are different routes for people to become qualified the best route is to serve an apprenticeship with a local garage or franchised dealership while attending a college or a training centre to acquire UPK (underpinning Knowledge) the apprenticeship is split in to 2 levels. Level 2 this is theбstarting point under framework 4 of the qualifications set out by the Sector Skills Council and is in operation at the present time, (this is sometimes called a foundation modern apprenticeship) and is made of the following components: NVQ National vocational Qualification – this is achieved by the collection of evidence in the workplace by mentors and other qualified personnel that the apprentices Аcan actually do the job in question i.e. at this level the apprentice has to successfully remove and replace components to manufacturers guidelines and the vehicle be returned to the road for everyday use, this is usually recorded on a «jobcard» which details work done, parts used and time taken so that the appropriate charges can be passed on to the customer.

VRQ Vocational Related QualificationД– this is also sometimes called a «Tech cert» and is a series of tests and assignments designed to show that the candidate understands how things work i.e. Engines, Transmission, Chassis etc and is delivered in a variety of ways at a Training Centre (a lot of Major manufacturers have their own training and teaching centres) or at a local college, the VRQ is accredited (like the NVQ) by and awarding bodyИsuch as City and Guilds or the IMI. Key Skills – The UK Government decided that as well as the skills for any particular profession everyone embarking on an apprenticeship scheme should have the same level of skills in key areas these are Communications (English), Application of Number (Maths) and I.T. (use of computers and I.T.), these are required at level 1 for a level 2 apprenticeship.

Framework Certificate – When the candidate has achieved the required components listed above, an application is made to the awarding body for an Apprenticeship certificate to show competence at that level. After completing the Level 2 or FMA the candidate will usually complete the Level 3 or Advanced Modern Apprentice, at this level the candidate collects evidence in the same way as level 2, however they must prove at this level that they have used 2 stage diagnosis of the fault (stage 1 manufacturers systems, stage 2 use of other diagnostic equipment i.e. multimeter) to record actual system/component readings. The level 3 or AMA also requires the VRQ at level 3 and Key skills

81

Communication level 2, Application of Number level 2 and I.T. level 1 when all components are successfully completed the AMA is applied for. Workplace evidence is usually assessed by a work based assessor from the training provider chosen to provide the apprentices training and this person must be Technically qualified and also hold an appropriate NVQ assessors qualification as well.Some other people who are not lucky enough to secure a work placement can attend local college to achieve a level 3 VRQ, although this will include some work experience

Сit is generally accepted that the standards are lower unless the college operates a RWE (Realistic Working Environment) where customers cars (usually not for profit) are repaired by candidates then returned to the road.

UK training Differs from American training and general practice in that a U.K. Mechanic will be expected to be able to repair all areas of the vehicle (apart from Bodywork and Painting) i.e. engines, suspension, brakes, electrical, chassis, transmission etc. as these are usually all covered in the same garage or workshop. This training usually takes 4– 5 years depending on many factors, after this term and apprentice is said to be «qualified» and is working alongside experienced

82

Language practice

1. Match the words with the opposite meaning:

Where it can be used in automobile industry (by whom and how)?

4. Write down all possible derivatives of the following words:

83

Writing

1.Compare auto service in Russia with auto service in Europe and America.

2.Give advice of its improvement.

3.What should one do to keep one’s auto in a proper fit?

Unit 7

СSection A. Elements of effective business report writing

Theory

Now that you have an overall outline and rough draft of your report, you are ready to start polishing the document. Remember most business reports trying to

иof writing. Since the information in a business report is used to make decisions, inaccurate information can lead to inaccurate decisions. Therefore, make sure that

convince an audience of a given commercial or managerial position. You must sell the quality of the report through the quality of the report’s presentation. In presenting information, an effective business report should be accurate and objective.

the data thatбwas gathered to prepare it. Use reliable sources of information and be accurate in reporting it.А

Accuracy in a business report includes accuracy of information and accuracy

your facts are right! The accuracy of any report depends upon the correctness of

The accuracy of writing depends on accuracy of in writing mechanics (spelling, punctuation and grammar) and accuracy in writing style. To avoid writing style errors, use precise words and terms that are not likely to be

• Make a distinction between facts and opinions – limit the use of unsupported judgments and inferences.

Questions:

1.What I s the aim of business report?

2.What kind of attitude exists between content and presentation?

3.What qualities should possess business report?

4.Give a synonym to the report’s term – accuracy.

5.What type of sources should be used in business report?

84

6. What should one avoid in business report writing?

7. What does objectivity mean?

8. What should one do to be objective?

иCAR WASH

A car wash is a facility used to clean the exterior and, in some cases, the interior of motor vehicles. While there are many different types of car washes, most in the US fall into three main categories:

•Self–service facilities, that are generally coin–operated, where the customer does the washing.

•In–bay automatics, which consist of an automatic machine that rolls back and forth over a stationary vehicle – often seen in service station washes.

•Tunnel washes, which use a conveyor to move the vehicle through a seriesб

of fixed cleaningАmechanisms.

Mechanized car washes, especially those with brushes, were once avoided by some meticulous car owners because of the risk of damaging the finish. Paint finishes have improved as have carДwashing processes, and this perception of vehicle damage is much less today. It was, however, the motivation behind the rise of the «brushless» (cloth), «touch–free» (high–pressure water), and most recently, brushes which are made of closed cell foam, car wash facility.

In a modern car wash facility, whether automatic, in–bay automatic or self– serve, soaps and other cleaning solutions usedИare based on milder acids and alkalies designed to loosen and eliminate dirt and grime. This is in contrast to earlier times, when hydrofluoric acid, a hazardous chemical, was commonly used as a cleaning agent in the industry. There has been a strong move in the industry to shift to safer cleaning solutions. Most car wash facilities are required by law to treat and/or reuse their water and may be required to maintain waste–water discharge permits, in contrast to unregulated facilities or even driveway washing where waste–water can end up in the storm drain and, eventually, in streams, rivers and lakes.

85