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СибStudio City Hand Car Wash, Studio City, California

Self–serve car wash

A multi–bay self–serviceАcar wash, with an automatic «touchless» bay at the far left and manual bays on the right. A simple and automated type of car wash that is typically coin–operated or token–operated self–service system. Newer self– service car washes offer the ability to pay with credit cards. The vehicle is parked inside a large bay that is equipped with a trigger gun and wand (sprayer) and a scrub foam–brush. When customersДinsert coins or tokens into the controller, they can choose options such as soap, tire cleaner, wax or rinse all dispensed from the sprayer, or scrub the vehicle with the foam–brush. The number of coins or tokens inserted determines the amount of time customers have to operate the equipment, however in most instances, a minimum number of coins are necessary to start the equipment. These facilities are often equipped withИseparate vacuum stations that allow customers to clean the upholstery and rugs inside their cars. Some self– service car washes offer hand–held dryers, a somewhat new feature.

Automatic car wash

The first conveyorized automatic car washes appeared in the mid–1940s. Conveyorized automatic car washes consist of tunnel–like bays into which customers drive their cars. Some car washes have their customers pay through a computerized POS, or point of sale unit, also known as an «automatic cashier», which may take the place of a human greeter. The mechanism inputs the wash PLU into a master computer or a tunnel controller automatically. When the sale is automated, after paying the car is put into a line–up often called the stack or queue. The stack moves sequentially, so the wash knows what each car purchased. After pulling up to the tunnel entrance, an attendant usually guides the customer onto the track or conveyor. At some washes, both tires will pass over a tire sensor, and the system will send several rollers. The tire sensor lets the wash know where the

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wheels are and how far apart they are. On other systems the employee may guide

the customer on and hit a 'Send Car' button on the tunnel controller, to manually send the rollers which push the car through. When the customer is on the conveyor, the attendant (or signage) will instruct the customer to put the vehicle into neutral, release all brakes, and refrain from steering. Failure to do so can cause an accident on the conveyor. The rollers come up behind the tires, pushing the car through a detector, which measures vehicle length, allowing the controller to tailor the wash to each individual vehicle. The equipment frame, or arches, vary in number and type. A good car wash makes use of many different pieces of equipment to thoroughly clean the vehicle.

СThe customer will first encounter one or two arches, often called pre–soak arches. They may apply a lower pH (mild acid) followed by a higher pH (mild

A vehicle in the high pressure rinse stage of the wash, just beyond the wraps.

иenhance the operation of the chemicals. Chemical substances, while they are industrial strength, are not used in harmful concentrations since car washes are designed not to harm a vehicle's components or finish.

Also visible is the conveyor.

alkali), or the order may be reversed depending on chemical suppliers and formula

formulations,бwhich remove brake dust and build up from the surface of the wheels and tires. The next arch will often be wraparounds, usually made of a soft cloth, or

used. Some use hot water feeds during dilution into a hydrominder of some form to

The customer next encounters tire and wheel nozzles, which the industry

closed cell foam material.АThese wraparounds should rub the front bumper and, after washing the sides, will follow across the rear of the vehicle cleaning the rear including the license plate area. Past the first wraps or entrance wraps may be a tire brush that will scrub the tires and wheels. This low piece is often located beneath a mitter (the hanging ribbon–like curtains of cloth that move front to back or side to side) or top wheels. There may also be rocker panel washers which are shorter in size (ranging in size from 18 inches [45 cm] up to 63 inches [160 cm] tall) that

calls CTAs (Chemical Tire Applicators). These will apply specialized

Д clean the lower parts of the vehicle. И

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well as some protective paint sealant.Д

carriage wash and/or has high pressure nozzles pointed at it from various positions. Next may be a tire spinner, high pressure nozzles angled specifically to clean wheels and tires. After the several wash stations the vehicle may go through triple foamers, usually red, blue, and yellow, although colors can be customized with higher end chemical suppliers. The triple foam process includes special cleaners as

option. Protectants vary by manufacturer. Near Иthe rinse is where a tire shining machine is often installed, which is designed to apply silicone tire dressing to the tires. This application makes the tires look good (new, and glossy) and preserves the rubber. Next the vehicle is treated with a drying agent and a final rinse. Better carwashes utilize a «spot free» rinse of soft water that has been filtered of chlorine and sent through semi permeable membranes to produce highly purified water that will not leave spots. After using spot free water, the vehicle is finished with forced air drying, in some cases utilizing heat to produce a very dry car.

Some washes have multiple rinse stages, usually offering a protectant as an

A touchless car wash

Older automatic washes–a majority of which were built prior to 1990– usually used rotating brushes with soft nylon bristles, which tended to leave a nylon deposit in the shape of a bristle, called brushmarks, on the vehicle's paint.

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Some brushes are now made of soft cloth, and these are not harmful to a car's finish, as long as they are flushed with plenty of water to remove the grit from previous washes. The most current technology is a closed cell foam brush, which does not hold dirt or water, thus is far less likely to harm any painted finish, and can, in fact, provide a gentle polishing effect to leave the paint much shinier. In order to avoid paint marking issues, «touchless» or «no–touch» car washes were developed. This means the car is washed with high water pressure instead of

Сbrushes. There is no contact with friction so the chance of any damage is less, although the touchless carwash does not clean nearly as well as a friction (brush of some material) carwash.

At «full–service» car washes, the exterior of the car is washed mechanically иwith conveyorized equipment, or in some cases by hand, with attendants available to dry the car manually, and to clean the interior (normally consisting of cleaning the windows, wiping the front and side dashes, and vacuuming the carpet and upholstery). Many full service car washes also provide «detailing» services, which may includeбpolishing and waxing the car's exterior by hand or machine, shampooing and steaming interiors, and other services to provide thorough cleaning and protection to the car.

Bikini car wash А

Bikini Д

1. It is generally a fund raiser for a school, a sport association or any other youth organization or charity. Typically, attractiveИcollege/high school girls in bikinis bring in donors by standing on a roadside with colorful cardboard signs or posters, and the cars are washed by their male and female classmates in a nearby parking lot.

2. There are also commercial bikini car washes, where bikini clad girls actually wash the cars for a fee and the entertainment of the drivers. Hooters restaurants usually have bikini car washes in the summer to attract customers.

Speaking

1.Is there any managerial or commercial position in this text?

2.Do you consider information given in this text accurate?

3.Why do you think so?

4.What kinds of sources were used there?

5.Is this report made in one writing style or not?

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2.Besides cleaning car maintenance includes inspecting or testing the condition of car subsystems (e.g., engine) and servicing or replacing parts and fluids. What fluids should we test, add and change from time to time?

3.Why should we do it?

4.What types of fuel do you know?

5.What is the difference between them?

6.Look through the picture and commentaries given below and then fill in two structures:

All motor vehicles have an engine.ДThere are two types of engine. There are petrol engines and there are diesel engines. ThereИare three engines in the diagram. There is a 2-stroke petrol engine on the left. There is a 4-stroke petrol engine in the middle and there is a 4-stroke diesel engine on the right.

There are spark plugs in both the petrol engines. There are spark plugs in all petrol engines. Diesel engines do not have spark plugs. They have fuel injectors. There are valves in both the 4-stroke engines. There are always valves in 4-stroke engines. There are no valves in the 2-stroke petrol engine. A 2-stroke petrol engine never has valves.

There is no oil sump in the 2-stroke engine. There is oil in the fuel. Both the 4-stroke engines have an oil sump. There is no oil in the fuel.

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