Материал: Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

OVER TO YOU

Study the information of the chart. What type of conflicts it? Why do such conflicts appear? What it the way to settle such conflicts? Are there any peaceful means to do it?

Exercise 15. Give the Russian equivalents for the following word combination.

Exchange fire across the border, a deliberate provocation, heavily fortified, demilitarized zone, state of alert, rivals, to host a meeting, deny the charges, torpedo warships, to reject talks, to ease tension.

Exercise 16. How do you understand the idiom

“to rule out a possibility”? Look it up in a dictionary, if necessary.

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Exercise 17. Read the article.

U.S. envoy: Nuke talks won't resume unless N. Korea is serious

By Yoko Wakatsuki, CNN

Tokyo, Japan (CNN) – The United States needs evidence of a serious commitment from North Korea before resuming six-party talks aimed at resolving the North's nuclear arms standoff, the U.S. special envoy on North Korea policy said Wednesday in Tokyo.

"We are looking for evidence that North Korea now regards the possibility of negotiations seriously. We are not interested in negotiation just for the sake of talking," envoy Stephen Bosworth said. "We want talks to lead to specific and concrete results".

Bosworth made his comments before leaving Tokyo for Beijing, China, for the last leg of his trip in Asia. He visited South Korea and Japan to meet with his counterparts to discuss denuclearization and other policies related to North Korea.

The six-party talks will not resume in the next few weeks, because building a consensus among the nations will take time, he said.

The talks involve the United States, North Korea, China, South Korea, Japan and Russia. Dialogue halted last year after the U.N. Security Council condemned North Korea's launch of a long-range rocket, saying it violated a resolution banning ballistic missile testing. The North expelled U.S. nuclear experts and U.N. nuclear inspectors after the rebuke.

Signs point to improved relations between South and North Korea, Bosworth said.

The bilateral relationship had worsened with the sinking of a South Korean warship in March. Seoul blamed the North for the sinking. A South Korean report, whose findings have been endorsed by the United States, say a

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North Korean submarine sank the Cheonan warship with a torpedo, killing 46 sailors. North Korea denies sinking the ship.

Pyongyang on Friday proposed to Seoul the resumption of cross-border reunions of families separated by the Korean War, according to the Yonhap news agency.

Exercise 18. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following word combinations.

Доказательство серьезности намерений, возобновить переговоры, шестисторонние переговоры, разрешить ядерное противостояние, специальный представитель, ради того, чтобы, последний этап поездки, достигнуть консенсуса, приостановить диалог, осудить запуск ракеты дальнего радиуса действия, нарушить резолюцию, потопить военный корабль, запретить испытания оружия, выслать экспертов, упрек, наладившиеся отношения, двусторонние отношения, винить за…, поддерживать/одобрять.

Exercise 19. Cover the article above and fill in the necessary prepositions.

1.The US needs evidence ___ a serious commitment

_____ North Korea before resuming six-party talks aimed

___ resolving the North's nuclear arms standoff.

2.We are looking ___ evidence that North Korea now regards the possibility of negotiations seriously.

3.We are not interested ___ negotiation just ____ the sake of talking.

4.We want talks to lead ___ specific and concrete results.

5.He visited South Korea to discuss policies related ___

North Korea.

6.Pyongyang on Friday proposed ___ Seoul the resumption of cross-border reunions of families separated by the Korean War, according ___ the Yonhap news agency.

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Exercise 20. Read another article on the topic and try to predict whether this conflict can lead to some serious armed conflict or even worse – a war?

29 October 2010 Last updated at 11:10 GMT

North Korea troops 'fire into South Korea'

North and South Korean troops have exchanged fire across the border, South Korean officials say.

North Korea fired two rounds towards a frontline unit and South Korean soldiers returned fire three times.

The shooting occurred in Hwacheon, some 90km (56 miles) north-east of the South's capital, Seoul, according to reports from South Korea's YTN TV.

Officials say it was not clear if North Korea's initial shots were a deliberate provocation.

The border between the two Koreas is one of the most heavily fortified in the world, with many thousands of troops stationed on either side of a demilitarised zone.

There have been frequent incidents at sea, but this is believed to be the first cross-border shooting on land since 2006.

South Korea's military is currently on its highest state of alert, as the capital prepares to host a meeting of world leaders from the G20 group of nations on 11 and 12 November.

A spokesperson for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Seoul said that no South Koreans were hurt in the exchange of fire, AFP reports.

"There were no more shots afterwards. We are now closely watching their movements," the unnamed spokesperson said.

The BBC's John Sudworth, in Seoul, says that the exchange appears to have been a small incident which did not cause any damage.

South Korean officials are not ruling out the possibility that the initial shot from the northern side of the border was accidental rather than deliberate, our correspondent adds.

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Tensions between the two rivals have been high since the South accused the North of torpedoing one of its warships in March, with the loss of 46 lives. Pyongyang denies the charge.

Earlier on Friday the North warned that relations with its neighbour would face a "catastrophic impact" if South Korea continued to reject talks aimed at easing tension.

The first round of discussions in two years ended without progress in September after Seoul demanded an apology from Pyongyang for the warship sinking.

* Pyongyang [ˌpjɔŋ'jæŋ] – Пхеньян (столица Корейской Народно-Демократической Республики

Exercise 21. What do you know about NATO? What is the role of this organization in the modern world and prevention of armed conflicts? Answer the following questions.

1.What do the letters NATO stans for?

2.What was the purpose of Nato creation?

3.What aim is officially proclaimed by Nato?

4.What are the Nato members supposed to doin case of an armed attack against any Nato member?

5.What was the Nato’s first non-european mission?

6.What alliance was opposing Nato in the Cold war period? When was it formed and what countries constituted it?

7.In which way did the structure of Nato changed after the collapse of the USSR? Did the strategy of the alliance change?

Exercise 22. Study the profile. Is there a place for

Russia in the structure of this organization? Could we benefit from joining Nato? What are the relations between Nato and Russia?

Applicant nations: Bosnia, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia