Материал: Атлас Ханц фениш

402

General terms

1

Regions of lower limb. Regiones membri infe-

29

1

rioris. The

various

anatomic

regions

of the

30

Systema skeletale.

lower limb.

31 Bony part. Pars ossea.

2

2

Gluteal region. Regio glutealis. Area over the

32

Periosteum. External covering of bone.

gluteal muscles. A

33

Endosteum. Internal lining of bone. It also lines

3

3

Gluteal fold. Sulcus glutealis. Fold passing over

the marrow cavity.

the gluteus maximus and bordering the but-

tocks inferiorly when the hip joint is extended.

34

Cortical substance. Substantia corticalis. Su-

4

A

perficial layer formed by the external main

3 a Hip joint. Coxa (regio coxalis).

lamellae of the bone.

5

35

Compact bone. Substantia compacta. Dense

4

Thigh region. Femur (regio femoralis).

5 Anterior thigh region. Regio (facies) femoralis

bony substance formed by osteons.

6

36

Spongy (trabecular) bone. Substantia spon-

anterior. B

giosa (trabecularis). Loosely organized bone

6 Femoral triangle. Trigonum femorales. Triangu-

substance with interstices occupied by bone

7

lar region of the groin bordered by the sartorius

marrow.

and adductor longus muscles and the inguinal

37 Cartilaginous part (of the skeleton). Pars car-

ligament. B

8

tilaginosa.

7

Posterior

thigh

region.

Regio

(facies)

38

Perichondrium. Connective tissue covering of

femoralis posterior. A

9

cartilage. It contributes to cartilage growth.

8

Knee. Genus.

39

Axial skeleton. Skeleton axiale. Skeleton of the

9

Anterior side of knee. Regio genus anterior. B

trunk.

10

10

Posterior side of knee. Regio genus posterior.

40

Appendicular skeleton. Skeleton appendicu-

A

lare. Skeleton of the limbs.

11

11

Popliteal fossa. Fossa poplitea. A

41

Long bone. Os longum. Long bone such as the

12

Lower leg. Crus.

fibula.

12

13

Anterior surface of lower leg. Regio (facies)

42

Short bone. Os breve. Short bone such as the

cruralis anterior. B

wrist bone.

13

14

Posterior surface of lower leg. Regio (facies)

43

Flat bone. Os planum. Flat bone such as the

cruralis posterior. A

parietal bone.

15

Calf. Sura (regio suralis). A

44

Irregular bone. Os irregulare. Irregular bone

14

16

Anterior and posterior talocrural (malle-

such as the sphenoid bone.

olar) regions. Regiones talocrurales anterior et

45

Pneumatic bone. Os pneumaticum. Bone with

15

posterior.

air-containing cells, e. g., the ethmoid bone.

17

Foot. Pes.

46

Epiphysis. End of a long bone temporarily in-

16

18

Heel (calcaneal region). Calx (regio calcanea).

volved in bone growth.

A

47

Diaphysis. Middle piece (shaft) of bone.

17

19

Dorsum of foot. Dorsum (regio dorsalis) pedis.

48

Metaphysis. Bony region between the epiphy-

B

sis and diaphysis.

18

20

Plantar surface of foot (sole). Planta (regio

49

Epiphysial cartilage. Cartilago epiphysialis.

plantaris) pedis. A

Cartilage zone between the diaphysis and

21

Lateral (fibular, outer) margin of foot.

epiphysis. It is responsible for the longitudinal

19

Margo lateralis (fibularis) pedis.

growth of long bones.

404

General terms

Epiphysial line. Linea epiphysialis. Line visible

26

Spheroidal

joint.

Articulatio

sphaeroidea

1

1

in radiograms and in sections of bone marking

(cotylica).

Ball and

socket joint, e. g., the

2

the former site of the epiphysial cartilage.

shoulder joint.

2

Joint surface. Facies articularis.

27

Ellipsoidal (condylar) joint. Articulatio ellip-

3 Medullary cavity. Cavitas medullaris.

soidea (condylaris). Joint with two axes, e. g.,

3

the wrist joint.

4

Yellow bone marrow. Medulla ossium flava. It

28 Hinge joint. Ginglymus. Joint with one axis,

contains abundant fat.

4

e. g., the elbow joint.

5

Red bone marrow. Medulla ossium rubra. It is

29 Bicondylar joint. Articulatio bicondylaris. Ar-

hemopoietic.

ticulation with one main transverse axis and

5

6

Nutrient foramen. Foramen nutriens. Macro-

another axis in the longitudinal direction of a

scopic foramen for nutrient vessels supplying

skeletal part., e. g., the knee joint.

6

mainly the bone marrow.

30

Trochoidal joint. Articulatio trochoidea. Pivot

7 Nutrient canal. Canalis nutriens. Canal con-

joint with one axis, e. g., the radio-ulnar joint.

7

tinuous with the nutrient foramen.

31 Saddle (sellar) joint. Articulatio sellaris. Joint

8

Center of ossification. Centrum ossificationis.

with two axes, e. g., the metacarpophalangeal

Site of onset of ossification of bones preformed

joint of the thumb.

8

in cartilage (endochondral ossification).

32

Ovoidal joint. [[Articulatio ovoidalis]]. Joint

9

Primary center of ossification. Centrum ossi-

with only weakly curved articular surfaces.

9

ficationis primarium. The center situated in the

33

Articular cartilage. Cartilago articularis.

diaphysis (diaphysial ossification).

34 Articular cavity. Cavitas articularis. Joint cavity.

10

10 Secondary center of ossification. Centrum

35

Articular disk. Discus articularis. Disk that

ossificationis secondarium. The center situated

in the epiphysis (epiphysial ossification).

divides a joint cavity into two separate cham-

11

11

Arthrologia. Study of the joints.

bers.

36 Meniscus. Meniscus articularis. Ring-like artic-

12

FIBROUS JOINTS. Articulationes fibrosae. They

ular disk., e. g., in the knee joint.

12

usually have no direct relationship to an articu-

37 Articular lip. Labrum articulare. Rim of fi-

lar cavity.

13

13 Syndesmosis. Fibrous joint with interosseous

brocartilage at the margin of a socket.

38

Joint capsule. Capsula articularis.

membrane or ligament.

39

Fibrous

membrane.

Membrana

fibrosa

14

14

Suture. Sutura.

(stratum fibrosum). Connective tissue layer of

15

Dentate suture. Sutura serrata. Serrated su-

the capsule often reinforced by ligaments.

ture, e. g., the lambdoid suture.

15

40

Synovial membrane. Membrana synovialis

16

Squamous suture. Sutura squamosa, e. g., on

(stratum synoviale). Inner layer of the articular

16

the temporal bone.

capsule comprised of epithelium-like connec-

17

Flat suture. Sutura plana. Bony union produc-

tive tissue cells on loose connective tissue.

ing a smooth surface, e. g., between the zygo-

41

Synovial fold. Plica synovialis. Fold projecting

17

matic bone and the maxilla.

from the capsule into the joint space.

18

Schindylesis. Union between a groove in one

42

Synovial villi. Villi synoviales.

18

bone and a ridge in the other, e. g., between the

43

Synovia. Synovial fluid secreted by the syn-

vomer and the sphenoid bone.

19 CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS. Articulationes car-

ovial membrane of the capsule.

19

44

Articular ligaments. Ligamenta.

tilagineae.

20

Synchondrosis. Bony union by means of hya-

45

Extracapsular ligaments. Ligamenta

extra-

20

capsularia. Ligaments lying outside the capsu-

line cartilage.

lar wall, e. g., the external collateral ligament of

21 Symphysis. Bony union, partly by means of fi-

the knee joint.

21

brocartilage.

46

Capsular

ligaments.

Ligamenta

capsularia.

22

SYNOVIAL JOINTS. Articulationes synoviales.

Reinforcing fibers outside a joint capsule, e. g.,

22

Bony union with an intervening articular cav-

the collateral ligaments of the interphalangeal

ity.

joints.

23

Simple joint. Articulatio simplex. Joint be-

47

Intracapsular ligaments. Ligamenta intra-

23

tween only two bones, e. g., the hip joint.

capsularis. Ligaments located within a joint

24 Composite joint. Articulatio composita (com-

space, e. g., the cruciate ligaments of the knee

24

joint.

plexa). Joint involving more than two bones,

e. g., the wrist joint.

406

General terms

1

Tela subserosa. Connective tissue substrate for

33

Tunica media. Middle layer of a blood vessel

1

the serosal (peritoneal) epithelium.

wall.

2

Parenchyma. The essential functional ele-

34

Valve. Valva. Large flap.

2

ments of an organ.

35

Lymphatic valve. Valvula lymphatica. Valve in

3

Stroma. Supporting connective tissue frame-

lymphatic vessels.

3

work of an organ.

36

Valve of veins. Valvula venosa.

4

Gland. Glandula.

37

Anastomotic vessel. Vas anastomoticum.

4

5

Lobe. Lobus.

38

Capillary. Vas capillare.

6

Lobule. Lobulus.

39

Collateral vessel. Vas collaterale. Vessel form-

5

7

Mucous gland. Glandula mucosa.

ing a shunt.

8

Serous gland. Glandula serosa. Gland that

40

Lymphatic vessel. Vas lymphaticum.

6

secretes watery material.

41

Sinusoid. Vas sinusoideum. Special, thin-

9

Seromucous gland. Glandula seromucosa.

walled vascular segment with a large lumen.

8

10

Angiologia. Study of vessels.

43

Vein. Vena.

11

Arteriovenous

anastomosis.

Anastomosis

44

Accompanying vein. Vena comitans.

arteriolovenularis (arteriovenosa). Direct con-

45 Cutaneous vein. Vena cutanea.

9

nection between an artery and vein.

46 Emissary vein. Vena emissaria. Vein passing

12

Artery. Arteria.

through a foramen of the skull to the outside.

10

13

Nutrient artery. Arteria nutricia (nutriens). An

47 Deep vein. Vena profunda. Vein situated below

artery that supplies tissues with nutrients.

the fascia.

11

14

Arteriole. Arteriola. Small artery directly pre-

48

Superficial vein. Vena superficialis. Cutaneous

ceding a capillary.

vein lying on the fascia of the limbs.

12

15 Arterial circle. Circulus arteriosus. Circle of

49 Venule. Venula. Small vein directly following a

anastomosing arteries.

capillary.

16

Circular connection of vessels. Circulus

50

13

Systema nervo-

vasculosus.

sum centrale. It comprises the brain and spinal

17

Cistern. Cisterna. Dilatation of a lymphatic ves-

cord.

14

sel.

51 Gray matter (nuclei and columns). Substantia

18

Blood. Haema (hema).

grisea [nuclei et columnae]. It consists of an ac-

15

19

Lymph. Lympha.

cumulation of nerve cell bodies and is gray be-

20

Nervi vasorum. Nerves innervating the wall of

cause only a sparse amount of medullary

16

sheath material (myelin) is present in it.

blood vessels.

52

White matter. Substantia alba [tractus et

21

Lymph node.

Nodus lymphaticus

(lym-

fasciculi]. It is present in the tracts and conduc-

17

phonodus).

22

Nodulus

(fol-

tion bundles.

Lymphatic nodule (follicle).

53 Reticular formation. Formatio (substantia) re-

18

liculus) lymphaticus. Circular mass of lympho-

ticularis. Scarcely definable mixture of cells and

cytes.

fibers that influence movements, circulation

23

Lymphatic plexus. Plexus lymphaticus.

and respiration as well as the sleeping-waking

19

24

Vascular plexus. Plexus vasculosus.

rhythm.

25

Venous plexus. Plexus venosus.

54 Substantia gelatinosa. Glia-rich, weakly pig-

20

mented zone near the apex of the posterior

26

Arterial plexus. Plexus arteriosum.

horn of the spinal cord. It serves afferent tracts.

27

Rete mirabile. Two capillary networks lying

21

55

Ependyma. Cellular lining of the cavities of the

one after another.

central nervous system.