Материал: англ универ новая книга

names you the marks and lights to be kept in line when proceeding to your place. As an example, take some actual port which you know better. Say aloud all the commands that you'll have to use in this case.

VII. Translate into English:

Суда становятся на якорь на внутреннем или внешнем рейде. При подходе к якорному месту оба якоря должны быть готовы к отдаче. Перед отдачей якоря судно разворачивают носом к ветру. При сильном течении судно должно держаться носом против течения. После этого судну дают задний ход машиной и отдают один якорь. Затем вытравливают якорь-цепь. После этого, если необходимо, отдают второй якорь. Судно может стоять на одном или на обоих якорях. Длина вытравленной цепи зависит от многих причин: погоды, глубины якорной стоянки, характера грунта, размера судна и т. д. На якорной стоянке должно быть достаточно места для разворота судна на якоре. После того как судно поставлено на якорь, вахтенный помощник должен взять пеленги на береговые ориентиры. Он должен также промерить глубины на якорном месте. Эти данные он заносит в судовой журнал.

LESSON 4

MOORING

Words and Word Combinations

fenders - кранцы

appropriate - соответствующий, подходящий, надлежащий headway - передний ход, инерция переднего хода sternway - задний ход, инерция заднего хода

steerage –way - ход, достаточный для управления рулем to back - дать задний ход

heaving line - бросательный конец ashore - на берегу; на берег head-rope - носовой швартов bow spring - носовой шпринг breast line - прижимной швартов stern rope - кормовой швартов stern spring -кормовой шпринг to secure - крепить, закреплять bollard - причальная тумба

as well as - так же как

to heave (heaved, hove) - тянуть, выбирать, подтягивать taut - тугой, натянутый (о канате)

slack - слабый, имеющий слабину (о канате) to veer in - выбирать (конец веревки)

26

to veer out - травить, вытравливать compulsory - принудительный

congested waters - ограниченная, стесненная акватория to need - нуждаться, иметь потребность (в чем-л.) crane - кран

tied up - ошвартованный, привязанный to dredge - углублять дно

to sign - подписывать quay - набережная, стенка

Expressions

to make fast alongside - швартоваться лагом to make fast stern to - швартоваться кормой to get moored -

to make the starboard (port) landing - ошвартоваться правым (левым)

бортом

to get alongside starboard (port) side to - швартоваться правым (левым)

бортом to run out a line - подать (вытравить) конец

it is advisable - рекомендуется

to swing the bow to starboard (port) - развернуть носом вправо (влево),

уваливать

to sheer the stern from the quay - отвести («отбить») корму от причала to double up fore and aft - завести дуплини с носа и кормы

TEXT

Ships make fast to a wharf either alongside or stern to.

When approaching a berth ships must proceed at slow speed. On deck, heaving lines and mooring ropes, as well as fenders, should be ready for use. The anchors must be ready to let go.

At an appropriate distance from the berth the engine is stopped and the ship's headway is used to bring her alongside the wharf. This headway should be just enough to keep the ship moving ahead without losing steerage-way. If a ship has too much headway it should be stopped by backing the ship with the engine or by letting the anchor go. As a matter of fact, only the off-shore anchor is dropped and then a heaving line is passed ashore. Ahead-rope, a bow spring and two breast lines are run out from the ship and secured to bollards ashore.

Working on these lines, as well as on the stern rope and stern spring which are also run out in due time, the ship is hove into her berth and made fast.

27

After the ship is secured in her berth, rat-guards should be placed on all the lines. For permanent moorings wire ropes are preferred to ordinary fiber ropes.

All the mooring lines should be constantly watched, as the change of weather or rise and fall of tide can make the lines too taut or too slack and this will necessitate from time to time veering them in or out. In stormy weather the ships secured in their berths usually have to double up fore and aft.

DIALOGUES

1

CAPTAIN. Is taking a tug compulsory here?

PILOT. No, it is not compulsory, but it is advisable, and I shall tell you why. There are several strong currents in the harbour and as there is a lot of traffic now, it is pretty difficult to manoeuvre in congested waters.

CAPTAIN. Will the tug take us only into the port or will she bring the ship alongside the wharf?

PILOT. Yes, the tug will work the ship into her berth. CAPTAIN. At what berth shall we moor?

PILOT. We shall moor at Berth No. 17.

CAPTAIN. We shall need a 15-ton crane to discharge heavy-lifts. PILOT. Your agent must have been informed about it as there is a 15-ton

crane at the berth.

CAPTAIN. That's good. Which side shall we make a landing? PILOT. We shall make a starboard side landing.

2

CAPTAIN. So, where are we going to berth?

PILOT. Do you see, sir, a vacant place between the two big tankers tied up stern to?

CAPTAIN. Do you mean those two big tankers over there with streamlined funnels?

PILOT. Yes, that's what I mean, and that's where we should now steer for. CAPTAIN. There isn't too much space there, anyhow, but still enough to get the ship moored alongside. What is the depth alongside the berth?

PILOT. The depth is five fathoms, sir. CAPTAIN. Is the bottom even there?

PILOT. No, there must be a little hump some 30 yards from the wharf, as the bottom was recently dredged.

CAPTAIN. Which side shall we go alongside?

PILOT. We shall go along starboard side.

CAPTAIN. Shall we drop an anchor?

PILOT. Yes, sir. We shall drop the port anchor.

28

3

PILOT. The ship has too much headway, sir. I think it's time to back her. CAPTAIN. Slow astern! Helm a-port! You know, she swings her bow to

starboard on backing.

PILOT. I see. Now, sir, give her a little swing to port. Steady so! Is your port anchor ready?

CAPTAIN. The port anchor is ready. Stand by the port anchor! PILOT. Let go the port-anchor, sir.

CAPTAIN. Let go the port anchor! Veer out the cable handsomely! Send on shore the heaving line! Send on shore the bow spring!

PILOT. That's right, sir. We must get the bow in first. CAPTAIN. Yes, now we can heave the ship alongside.

PILOT. I think, sir, you must now steer the stern a little off the pier. CAPTAIN. Good. I think I'll start heaving the bow alongside with the bow

lines.

4

PILOT. Well, sir, my pilot duties are over. I must be off. Will you kindly sign the pilot form?

CAPTAIN. Very much obliged for your assistance. What must I fill up in this form?

PILOT. Please fill in the ship's name, her draft, her registered tonnage, the date and your name.

CAPTAIN. Where must I sign my name? Oh, yes, thank you. Here you are. Hope to see you again.

PILOT. Thank you very much. Good-bye.

COMMANDS FOR MOORING

29

LABORATORY EXERCISES

I. Listen to the text of the lesson again and answer the following questions:

1. How do ships make fast to a wharf? 2. At what speed should a ship approach the berth? 3. What should be made ready for use on deck? 4. What is the ship's headway used for in this case? 5. What should be done if the ship has too much headway? 6. When the ship has approached the berth what line is passed ashore first? 7. What other ropes are run out from the ship and secured to the bollards ashore? 8. How is the ship hove into her berth? 9. Where are rat-guards placed? 10. Why should the mooring lines be constantly watched? 11. Why should we veer in the ropes from time to time? 12. When should we veer them out? 13. In what weather should we double up the lines? 14. How should the lines be watched if the weather is changeable?

II. Ask your partner questions and make him give brief answers using the model.

Model: The ship should be backed to stop her headway. What should be done to stop the ship's headway?

She should be backed.

1. The mooring lines should be passed ashore to secure the ship to the bollards. 2. The off-shore anchor should be dropped to keep her securely berthed. 3. Rat-guards should be placed on all the lines to prevent rats from getting aboard. 4. The mooring lines should be watched to prevent them from becoming too taut or too slack. 5. The engine should be stopped to prevent the ship from bumping against the quay.

III. Listen to the short dialogues, repeat each sentence during the pauses and learn the dialogues by heart:

"We have just enough revolutions to keep her moving ahead."

"Then we'll have to stop the engine altogether; the ship has too much headway."

30