Материал: andreeva_tia_nauchnyi_angliiskii_iazyk_vypusk_7_doklad_vystu

concerning the study of the Internet audience and of the extent to which information-communication technologies are used in the country, he undertakes to analyze the impact of such technologies on social structure of Russian society and demonstrates that by a number of indices Russian Internet users approximate to the socalled middle class. The concluding part of the article presents subjective views of those who resort to the services and technolo­ gies of the Internet, on the prospects of its development in Russia.

Prospects for the Development in Russia of "Information Society". Social Portrait of the Russian Audience, as Emerging from the Data of Sociological Tests. М., 2002.

The Crisis ofModernity and the Life-World

One of the most influential diagnoses and therapies of the crises of modernity was formulated by Husserl. He spoke about the crisis of modem European culture as a situation of dramatic choice between the heroism of reason or barbarism. The crisis results from scepticism and irrationalism as products of scien­ tific rationality itself. Husserl was convinced that the only rem­ edy against it is a universal science, based on an absolutely firm foundation and proceeding according to the rigorous method - i.e. transcendental phenomenology. In The Crisis he turned to historical reflection in order to realise; the goals of philosophising and of humanity. He also discovered the lifeworld - the therapy for rationalism must consist in returning to the Lebenswelt. The paper shows tensions between two mo­ tives in Husserl's late philosophy and two different practical philosophies which, emerge from it. Contrary to Husserl's pro­ grammatic declarations, the phenomenological analysis of the life-world does not portray the human being as an autonomous being, but as being rooted in tradition and history, bodily pres­ ent in the world, and always among opaque facts and limited in sovereignty. In addition, the alternative of the heroism of rea­ son and barbarism has proved false. We have no scientific ethic, our morals and mores are provisional and non-absolute.

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For Husserl such a situation would mean the demise of hu­ manity. Be he did not draw this conclusion from his own dis­ coveries. The lesson we have to leam from our experience of the twentieth century and from Husserl's inconsistent attempt differs from the one he wanted to teach us. The paradoxical implication of his philosophy is that the only thing of which we can be absolutely certain in our ethical and political life is the fact that we can never be absolutely certain. But the fact that we are conscious of this does not turn us into barbarians, but, on the contrary, protects us from that.

International Sociology. 1990. Sept. Vol. 5, No 3.

"Business Ladies: Myths and Realities"

The article addresses phenomenon of'female success' mir­ rored in Ukrainian mass media analyzing widespread anti­ feminist myths. Basing on women's life stories, who identifies themselves, with category of'financial success' in order to find out their values and models of achievement, interdependence between married status and business success, marriage pattern impact on careers. Contemporary Ukrainian mass-culture is stated not to further 'success scenario' in women's business. Female achievements in businesses are basically conditioned by success strategies, identification with 'I-success' and 'I-expertise'. Self-realization in business is for many women a kind of transgressing gender boundaries. Marriage stability in marriage is for many female business actors possible with tol­ erant type of marriage partner. Women's inclusion into busi­ ness establishment is seen as a prerequisite for true democracy and political stability.

Социол. исслед. 2002. №11.

Role ofIntermetallic Precipitates in Hydrogen Transport through Oxide Films on Zircaloy

The influence of size distribution of intermetallic precipi­ tates on hydrogen up take behavior of Zircaloy during oxida-

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tion in steam has been examined in the pre transition region to clarify the role of precipitates in the hydrogen transport through the coherent oxide layer Two different types of speci­ mens containing coarse or fine precipitates are prepared with heat treatments for both Zircaloy 2 and 4 These specimens are oxidized in 0 1 MPa steam at 623 to 723 К The amount of hy­ drogen uptake is measured with a hot extraction method The concentration profiles of hydrogen in the oxide film is meas­ ured with secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) Detailed spatial distribution of hydrogen is observed with tritium micro­ autoradiography.

The results obtained for Zircaloy 2 and 4 are qualitatively similar to each other The amount of hydrogen uptake of the specimen containing coarse precipitates is larger than that of the specimen containing fine ones and the difference between the former and the latter increases with decreasing oxidation temperature The concentration of hydrogen in the oxide film is gradient from the surface to the oxide metal interface, and the gradient in the oxide film of the former is smaller than that of the latter The tritium microautoradiographs of a cross section of the oxide film show that hydrogen is concentrated in the intermetallic precipitates.

Summarizing these experimental results the following can be concluded.

1.The rate of hydrogen uptake is controlled by the trans­ port process through the oxide film.

2.The intermetallic precipitates accommodated in the oxide film play an important role.

3.Hydrogen is transported through not only the zirconium oxide phase but also the inter metallic precipitate phase in which the latter acts as the supplementary expressway of the

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