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An Automotive Manufacturing Engineer typically works with statistics and process controls, validating that the process that produces parts will always produce those parts with quality. They also search for ways to continuously improve the process between product upgrades.

Much of research goes into the aspects of crash scenarios in vehicles. This is designed and implemented by the safety engineering people. The design is tested under stringent conditions laid down by the government and follows strict quality

Сcontrol. The regulations set by the government include, the functionalities of air– bag and seat belts in the vehicle, the safety related to front and side crash possibilities, the roll–over resistance, etc. These are tested and assessed by various methods and tools, and at times in real simulated crash scenarios.

иThe product engineer is also responsible to measure the fuel efficiency of the vehicle in terms of miles per gallon or kilometer per litre, and also tests the emission of the vehicle by measuring the hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and evaporative emissions.

Theбvehicle dynamics, which are essentially the noise, vibration, and harshness of the vehicle, are tested by the vehicle dynamics engineer, to ensure that the vehicle has been manufactured with the right dynamics specifications that have been set by the design engineers.

The performance of the vehicle is the impression of the driver as he drives the vehicle and tries Аto perceive the different aspects of the vehicle’s manner of performance. This would include its power and pick–up, the acceleration, sound of the engine, the feel of the acceleration pedal, and the shift quality. The performance of the vehicle is observed with different running conditions of the vehicle, such as, wide–open throttle acceleration, 0–60 mph (0–100 km/h), or highway passing over. The engineДperformance is tested by the perception of the driver on the shift quality of the vehicle. It is the test of the vehicle to an «automatic transmission banana event». The engine, the transmission, driveline, the suspension, etc. are the ones which are included in testing automatic transmission banana event of the vehicle.

Safety Engineering: Safety Engineering isИthe assessment of various crash scenarios and their impact on the vehicle occupants. These are tested against very stringent governmental regulations. Some of these requirements include: Seat belt and air bag functionality. Front and side crash worthiness. Resistance to rollover. Assessments are done with various methods and tools: Computer crash simulation, crash test dummies, partial system sled and full vehicle crashes.

Fuel Economy/Emissions: Fuel economy is the measured fuel efficiency of the vehicle in miles per gallon or litres per 100 kilometres. Emissions testing the measurement of the vehicles emissions: hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and evaporative emissions.

Vehicle Dynamics: Vehicle dynamics is the vehicle's response of the following attributes: ride, handling, steering, braking, and traction. Design of the chassis systems of suspension, steering, braking, structure (frame), wheels and tires, and traction control are highly leveraged by the Vehicle Dynamics engineer to deliver the Vehicle Dynamics qualities desired.

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NVH Engineering (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness): NVH is the customer's impression both tactile (feel) and audible (hear) feedback from the vehicle. While sound can be interpreted as a rattle, squeal, or hoot, a tactile response can be seat vibration, or a buzz in the steering wheel. This feedback is generated by components either rubbing, vibrating or rotating. NVH response can be classified in various ways: powertrain NVH, road noise, wind noise, component noise, and squeak and rattle. Note, there are both good and bad NVH qualities. The NVH

Сengineer works to either eliminate bad NVH, or change the «bad NVH» to good (i.e., exhaust tones).

Performance: Performance is the driver’s perception of the vehicle's power and pickup. This is influenced by vehicle acceleration, sound of the engine, accelerator pedal feel, and shift quality. Performance is perceived in various ways: wide–open–throttle (WOT) acceleration, 0 – 62 mph (0 – 100 km/h) – launch performance, or highway passing power.

Shift Quality: Shift Quality is the driver’s perception of the vehicle to an

automatic transmission banana event. This is influenced by the powertrain (engine,

acceleration (1 – 2), or a downshift maneuver in passing (4 – 2). Shift engagements of the vehicle are also evaluated, as in Park to Reverse, etc.

Durabilityб/ Corrosion Engineering: Durability and Corrosion engineering is the evaluation testing of a vehicle for its useful life. This includes mileage

designs/analyzes the occupantАaccommodations (seat roominess), ingress/egress to the vehicle, and the driver’s field of vision (gauges and windows). The Package

accumulation, severe driving conditions, and corrosive salt baths.

Package / Ergonomics Engineering: Package Engineering is a discipline that

Engineer is also responsible for other areas of the vehicle like the engine compartment, and the component to component placement. Ergonomics is the discipline that assesses the occupant's access to the steering wheel, pedals, and

environment and level of comfort related to theИtemperature and humidity. From the windshield defrosting, to the heating and cooling capacity, all vehicle seating positions are evaluated to a certain level of comfort.

Drivability: Drivability is the vehicle’s response to general driving conditions. Cold starts and stalls, rpm dips, idle response, launch hesitations and stumbles, and performance levels.

Cost: The cost of a vehicle program is typically split into the effect on the variable cost of the vehicle, and the up–front tooling and fixed costs associated with developing the vehicle. There are also costs associated with warranty reductions, and marketing.

Program timing: To some extent programs are timed with respect to the market, and also to the production schedules of the assembly plants. Any new part

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in the design must support the development and manufacturing schedule of the model.

Assembly Feasibility: It is easy to design a module that is hard to assemble, either resulting in damaged units, or poor tolerances. The skilled product development engineer works with the assembly/manufacturing engineers so that the resulting design is easy and cheap to make and assemble, as well as delivering

were used in this and previous texts.

Automobile engineering or automotive engineering is the branch of engineering which deals with the study as how to design, manufacture and operate automobiles like buses, trucks, cars etc. and also their respective engineering subsystems. This can also be a grouped under vehicle engineering.

An automobile engineer’s main duty is to design, test and develop vehicles and/or components from concept stage through to production stage. The vehicle after being launched in the market also needs improvement. Then it comes to the duty of the automobile engineer to improve the vehicle in response to customer’s feedback.

Automobile engineers further can specialize in the areas such as aerodynamics, alternative fuels, chassis, electronics, emissions, ergonomics, manufacturing, materials, motorsport, power train, rapid prototyping, vehicle and

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pedestrian safety or supply chain management etc. The responsibility of automobile engineer is always in maintaining the high standard of vehicle by the use of traditional methods and state–of–the–art technology.

In recent times, owing to the rapid growth of automobile industries in the country, the demand for skilled professionals has also been increased considerably. Hence opting for a career in automobile engineering will be interesting as well as rewarding.

СMechanical engineering is a frontier branch of engineering discipline which involves the application of laws and principles of Physics to analyze, design, manufacture, and maintain the mechanical systems. A mechanical engineer understands the key concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics and energy. He/she may work in varied fields which use mechanical systems including automobiles, aircraft, heating & cooling systems, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, medical devices and more.

c)Technology – ____________.

d)Economy – ____________.

e)Programming – ___________.

f)Designing – _____________.

3.Study the following word–building rule and translate the sentences below.

a)There is a drill on the workbench.

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b)Drill a hole in the piece.

c)Put the drill over the mark.

d)Mark the hole.

e)Saw this piece of wood into two parts.

f)There is no saw in the toolbox.

Writing

Section A. Determine the solution, findings and/or recommendations

Theory

Business research and analysis provide entrepreneurs and mangers with the necessary information and market context to support effective business decision making to achieve these objectives. When an entrepreneur clearly understands his target market he is able to mould the business so it directly engages with this sector of the market and subsequently achieves considerable commercial success. From a business planning perspective, the business analysis, solutions, findings and recommendations provides a critique of information that will support communication concerning the viability of the proposed business in order to facilitate capital rising.

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