Материал: 161
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Общины |
Правительство |
Labs |
Libs |
Cons |
SF |
UU |
DU |
SNP |
Палата общин |
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37 % |
19,5 % |
38 % |
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1974 |
2. Harold Wilson |
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1974 |
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301 |
14 |
297 |
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(635) |
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(1974–76, Lab) |
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47 % |
2 % |
47 % |
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39,5% |
18,5 % |
35,5 % |
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1974–79 |
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1974–79 |
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James Callaghan |
319 |
13 |
276 |
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(635) |
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(1976–79, Lab) |
50 % |
2 % |
43,5 % |
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37 % |
14 % |
44 % |
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1 % |
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1979–83 |
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268 |
11 |
339 |
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5 |
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(635) |
1979–83 |
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31 |
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42 % |
2 % |
53,5 % |
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1 % |
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Margaret Thatcher |
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27,5% |
25,5 % |
42,5 % |
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1 % |
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1983–87 |
(1979–90, Con) |
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1983–87 |
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209 |
23 |
397 |
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11 |
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(650) |
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32 % |
3,5 % |
61 % |
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1,5% |
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31 % |
22,5 % |
42 % |
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1 % |
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1987–92 |
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1987–92 |
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229 |
22 |
375 |
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9 |
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(650) |
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35 % |
3,5 % |
57,5 % |
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1,5% |
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John Major |
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34,5% |
18 % |
42 % |
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1 % |
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1992–97 |
(1990–97, Con) |
271 |
20 |
336 |
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9 |
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(651) |
1992–97 |
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41,5% |
3 % |
51,5 % |
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1,5% |
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32
Общины |
Правительство |
Labs |
Libs |
Cons |
SF |
UU |
DU |
SNP |
Палата общин |
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43 % |
17 % |
30,5 % |
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1 % |
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2 % |
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1997– |
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1997– |
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418 |
46 |
165 |
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10 |
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6 |
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2001 |
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(659) |
2001 |
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63,5% |
7 % |
25 % |
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1,5% |
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1 % |
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Tony Blair |
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40,5% |
18,5 % |
31,5 % |
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1 % |
1 % |
2 % |
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(1997–2007, Lab) |
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2001–05 |
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2001–05 |
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412 |
52 |
166 |
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6 |
5 |
5 |
(659) |
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62,5% |
8 % |
25 % |
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1 % |
1 % |
1 % |
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35,5% |
22 % |
32,5 % |
0,5 % |
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1 % |
1,5 % |
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2005–10 |
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2005–10 |
Gordon Brown |
356 |
62 |
198 |
5 |
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9 |
6 |
(646) |
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(2007–10, Lab) |
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55 % |
9,5 % |
30,5 % |
1 % |
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1,5 % |
1 % |
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33
Общины |
Правительство |
Labs |
Libs |
Cons |
SF |
UU |
DU |
SNP |
Палата общин |
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36 % |
29 % |
23 % |
0,5 % |
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0,5 % |
2 % |
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2010–15 |
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2010–15 |
David Cameron |
258 |
57 |
307 |
5 |
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8 |
6 |
(650) |
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39,5% |
9 % |
47 % |
1 % |
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1 % |
1 % |
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(2010–16, Con-Lib) |
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30,4% |
7,9 % |
36,8 % |
0,6 % |
0,4% |
0,6 % |
4,7 % |
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2015–17 |
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232 |
8 |
330 |
4 |
2 |
8 |
56 |
(650) |
2015–17 |
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35,7% |
1,2 % |
50,8 % |
0,6 % |
0,3% |
1,2 % |
8,6 % |
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Theresa May |
40,0% |
7,4 % |
42,3 % |
0,7 % |
0,3% |
0,9 % |
3 % |
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(с 2016, Con) |
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с 2017 |
262 |
12 |
317 |
7 |
– |
10 |
35 |
(650) |
с 2017 |
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40,3% |
1,8 % |
48,8 % |
1,1 % |
– |
1,5 % |
5,4 % |
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*Данные сайта http://www.pe-a.ru/uk/uk-main
PART II
Unit 1. The U.S. Constitution
Exercise 1. Read and give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Use them in your own phrases.
The Supreme Court, executive, legislative, judicial, Bill of Rights, constitution, principle, to protect, government.
Exercise 2. Read the text and translate it.
The Constitution of the United States of America was written in 1787. This document established the country’s political system and it is the basis of law. The Constitution works nowadays as well as when it was made. There are two possible reasons of it. The first one is that the constitution allows to make amendments. Another reason is a flexibility of the Constitution: its basic principles can be applied and interpreted differently at any times. It is lays upon three main principles. The first principle guarantees basic rights – freedom of speech and religion. The second principle is about a government by the people. The third principle deals with three branches of the U.S. government – the legislative, the executive and judicial branches.
The constitution is based on three main principles:
1. Basic rights |
2. Government |
3. Separation of |
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by the people |
powers |
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Freedom of speech |
People vote for their |
Three branches |
of |
Freedom of religion |
representatives |
government |
with |
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different powers |
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Right to have a trial |
People can ask for |
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Right to own property |
new laws or changes |
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It includes Preamble, seven articles and 26 amendments which help to make some changes and add some new ideas. The first ten amendments are called the Bill of Rights.
Preamble
“We the people of the United States in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to
34
ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America”.
Exercise 3. Read the introduction (Preamble) to the American Constitution. Which of the underlined phrases mean the same as the following?
1.Defend the people.
2.Make sure that there is peace in the country.
3.Make sure that we and the people that come after us are free.
4.Make sure that the people are treated in a fair way.
5.Look after the people’s needs.
Exercise 4. Match a word on the left with a definition on the right.
1) Constitution |
a) a branch of government that |
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carries out the laws of a nation |
2) executive |
b) a branch of government concerned |
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with the interpretation of laws |
3) legislature |
c) a change to the constitution |
4) judiciary |
d) a plan of government, the Supreme |
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law of the country |
5) amendment |
e)abranchofgovernmentresponsible |
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for making the laws |
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Exercise 5. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.
1) The Supreme Court |
a) Билль о Правах |
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2) amendment |
b) Конституция |
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3) Constitution |
c) поправка |
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4) Freedom of speech |
d) Свобода слова |
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5) Bill of Rights |
e) защищать граждан |
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6) government |
f) Верховный суд |
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7) to defend the people |
g) правительство |
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35