Тем самым публичная речь против актеров, тем более с кафедры проповедника, представлена как дело неблагое во многих смыслах: она не только сеет раздор в приходе и отвращает актеров от Церкви и спасения, но и потенциально провоцирует смуту во всем обществе.
В статье о Филде и его поэтике в связи с концепцией детства Э. Лэм сталкивает несколько уровней «отцовства» в творческой биографии Филда:
• его отца-проповедника, от чьего наследия он якобы отказывается (“.he deliberately refutes the anti-theatrical background of his biological family, particularly his father, John Field...”; Lamb, 2009: 126);
• драматургов и театральных антрепренеров, чьим сыном он себя признает (ibid.: 127);
• самого театра как такового.
На наш взгляд, такое разделение излишне ригористично. Филду незачем было отказываться от всего отцовского наследия: он обращается к Саттону в стиле, местами весьма напоминающем «Предостережение парламенту». Для актера детской труппы, к тому же сироты, называть «отцами» старших в ней достаточно очевидно, особенно если о чем-то письменно просить. Наконец, все это не отвергает возможности для Филда быть прежде всего сыном Церкви и возвышать голос в свою защиту при попытках отрицать это сыновство.
Заключение
Как и автор «Апологии актеров», сын священника Т. Хейвуд, Н. Филд выстраивает систему аргументов, в которой актер и драматург может быть христианином. В его письме к Т. Саттону церковь и театр существуют в одном мире. Театр не покушается на главенство Церкви и в ее мистической, и в социальной роли, а актеру находится равное место среди прихожан.
Список литературы
1. Колесник, В. А., Макаров, В. С. (2019) Джон Нортбрук. Трактат, в котором игра в кости, танцы, суетные пьесы и интерлюдии, и другое праздное времяпрепровождение, обычное для дня субботнего, опровергаются силой слова Божиего и древних авторов // Вестник ПСТГУ. Серия III: Филология. Вып. 58. С. 91-110. DOI: 10.15382/sturIII201958.91-110
2. Brinkley, R. F. (1973) Nathan Field: The actor-playwright. [Hamden, CT] : Archon Books. 154 p. (Yale studies in English, 77).
3. Collinson, P. (1961) John Field and Elizabethan puritanism // Elizabethan government and society: Essays presented to Sir John Neale / ed. by S. T. Bindoff, T. J. Hurstfield, C. H. Williams. L. : Athlone Press. x, 423 p. P. 127-162.
4. [Field, N.] (1874) Feild the players letter to Mr Sutton, preacher att St. Mary Overs “The Remonstrance of Nathan Field”, addressed to the Rev. Mr. Sutton, Preacher at St. Mary Overy's, Southwark, 1616, against his Denunciations of the Stage... // Illustrations of the life of Shakespeare, in a discursive series of essays on a variety of subjects connected with the personal and literary history of the great dramatist. Pt. 1 / ed. by J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps. L. : Longmans, Green and Co. viii, 128 p. P. 115-117.
5. Field, N. (2004) Letter to Revd. Mr. Sutton (1616) // Shakespeare's theater: A sourcebook / ed. by T. Pollard. Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishers. xxxiv, 352 p. P. 274-278.
6. Fielde, J. (1583) A godly exhortation, by occasion of the late iudgement of God, shewed at Parris-garden, the thirteenth day of Ianvaris: where were assembled by estimation; aboue a thousand persons, whereof some were slaine; & of that number, at the least, as is crediblie reported, the thirde person maimed and hurt. Giuen to all estates for their instruction, concerning the keeping of the Sabbath Day. L. : Printed by Robert Walde-Graut, dwelling without Temple-barre, and Henry Carre in Paules Churchyard. [44] p.
7. Fielde, J. et al. (1572) An admonition to the Parliament / J. Fielde, R. Gwalther, T. de Beze, T. W. [T. Wilcox]. S.l. (Hemel Hempstead?) : Printed by J. Stroud.
8. Greenblatt, S. (1997) The touch of the real // Representations. No. 59, special issue: The fate of “culture”: Geertz and beyond. P. 14-29. DOI: 10.2307/2928812
9. Lamb, E. (2009) Remembering childhood: Nathan Field's theatrical career // Lamb E. Performing childhood in the early modern theatre: The children's playing companies (1599-1613). Basingstoke ; N. Y. : Palgrave Macmillan. xii, 189 p. P. 118-142.
10. McKee, P. J. (2016) Scorning the image of virtue: The player Nathan Field's letter to the Reverend Thomas Sutton, 1616 // Religion and Arts. Vol. 20. Issue 3. P. 267-289. DOI: 10.1163/15685292-02003001
11. Orman, S. (2014) Nathan Field's theatre of excess: Youth culture and bodily excess on the early modern stage (1600-1613) : Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Canterbury : Canterbury Christ Church University. 296 p.
12. Peery, W. (1950) General introduction // The plays of Nathan Field / ed. from original quartos with introductions and notes by W. Peery. Austin : The University of Texas Press. x, 346 p. P. 3-54.
13. Sutton, T. (1616) Englands first and second summons: Two sermons preached at Paules Crosse, the one the third of Ianuarie 1612; the other the fifth of Februarie, 1615. By Thomas Sutton Batchelour of Diuinitie, then fellow of Queenes Colledge in Oxford, and now preacher at Saint Mary Oueries in South- warke. L. : Printed by Nicholas Okes for Matthew Lavv, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Fox. [10], 249, [1] p.
14. Sutton, T. (1632) Lectures vpon the eleventh chapter to the Romans. Preached by that learned and godly divine of famous memorie, Dr. Sutton, in St. Marie Overies in Southwarke. Published for the good of all Gods Church generally, and especially of those that were then his hearers. L. : Printed by I[ohn] H[aviland] for Nicolas Bourne, and are to be sold at his shop, at the south entrance of the Royall Exchange. [28], 478, [16] p.
15. Verhasselt, E. (1946) A biography of Nathan Field, dramatist and actor // Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire. T. 25, fasc. 3-4. P. 485-508.
16. Williams, M. E. (1992) “A play is not so ydle a thing”: The dramatic output and the theatre-craft of Nathan Field : A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Shakespeare Institute, University of Birmingham, May. [12], 454 p.
17. Williams, M. E. (2004) Field, Nathan (bap. 1587, d. 1619/20), actor and playwright [Электронный ресурс] // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/ view/10.1093/ ref:odnb/ 9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-9391 [архивировано в WaybackMachine] (дата обращения: 22.11.2019). DOI: 10.1093/ref:odnb/9391
References
1. Kolesnik, V. A. and Makarov, V. S. (2019) Dzhon Nortbruk. Traktat, v kotorom igra v kosti, tantsy, suetnye p'esy i interliudii, i drugoe prazdnoe vremiapreprovozhdenie, obychnoe dlia dnia subbotnego, oprovergaiutsia siloi slo- va Bozhiego i drevnikh avtorov [John Northbrooke. A treatise wherein dicing, dauncing, vaine playes or enterluds with other idle pastimes etc. commonly vsed on the sabboth day, are reproued by the authoritie of the word of God and auntient writers]. Vestnik PSTGU. Seriia III: Filologiia, issue 58, pp. 91-110. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15382/sturIII201958.91-110
2. Brinkley, R. F. (1973) Nathan Field: The actor-playwright. [Hamden, CT] : Archon Books. 154 p. (Yale studies in English, 77).
3. Collinson, P. (1961) John Field and Elizabethan puritanism. In: Elizabethan government and society: Essays presented to Sir John Neale / ed. by S. T. Bindoff, T. J. Hurstfield and C. H. Williams. London : Athlone Press. x, 423 p. Pp. 127162.
4. [Field, N.] (1874) Feild the players letter to Mr Sutton, preacher att St. Mary Overs “The Remonstrance of Nathan Field”, addressed to the Rev. Mr. Sutton, Preacher at St. Mary Overy's, Southwark, 1616, against his Denunciations of the Stage... In: Illustrations of the life of Shakespeare, in a discursive series of essays on a variety of subjects connected with the personal and literary history of the great dramatist. Pt. 1 / ed. by J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps. London : Longmans, Green and Co. viii, 128 p. Pp. 115-117.
5. Field, N. (2004) Letter to Revd. Mr. Sutton (1616). In: Shakespeare's theater: A sourcebook / ed. by T. Pollard. Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishers. xxxiv, 352 p. Pp. 274-278.
6. Fielde, J. (1583) A godly exhortation, by occasion of the late iudgement of God, shewed at Parris-garden, the thirteenth day of Ianvaris: where were assembled by estimation; aboue a thousand persons, whereof some were slaine; & of that number, at the least, as is crediblie reported, the thirde person maimed and hurt. Giuen to all estates for their instruction, concerning the keeping of the Sabbath Day. London : Printed by Robert Walde-Graut, dwelling without Temple- barre, and Henry Carre in Paules Churchyard. [44] p.
7. Fielde, J. et al. (1572) An admonition to the Parliament / J. Fielde, R. Gwalther, T. de Beze and T. W. [T. Wilcox]. S.l. (Hemel Hempstead?) : Printed by J. Stroud.
8. Greenblatt, S. (1997) The touch of the real. Representations, no. 59, special issue: The fate of “culture”: Geertz and beyond, pp. 14-29. DOI: 10.2307/2928812
9. Lamb, E. (2009) Remembering childhood: Nathan Field's theatrical career. In: Lamb, E. Performing childhood in the early modern theatre: The children's playing companies (1599-1613). Basingstoke ; New York : Palgrave Macmillan. xii, 189 p. Pp. 118-142.
10. McKee, P. J. (2016) Scorning the image of virtue: The player Nathan Field's letter to the Reverend Thomas Sutton, 1616. Religion and Arts, vol. 20, issue 3, pp. 267-289. DOI: 10.1163/15685292-02003001
11. Orman, S. (2014) Nathan Field's theatre of excess: Youth culture and bodily excess on the early modern stage (1600-1613) : Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Canterbury : Canterbury Christ Church University. 296 p.
12. Peery, W. (1950) General introduction. In: The plays of Nathan Field / ed. from original quartos with introductions and notes by W. Peery. Austin : The University of Texas Press. x, 346 p. Pp. 3-54.
13. Sutton, T. (1616) Englands first and second summons: Two sermons preached at Paules Crosse, the one the third of Ianuarie 1612; the other the fifth of Februarie, 1615. By Thomas Sutton Batchelour of Diuinitie, then fellow of Queenes Colledge in Oxford, and now preacher at Saint Mary Oueries in South- warke. London : Printed by Nicholas Okes for Matthew Lavv, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Fox. [10], 249, [1] p.
14. Sutton, T. (1632) Lectures vpon the eleventh chapter to the Romans. Preached by that learned and godly divine of famous memorie, Dr. Sutton, in St. Marie Overies in Southwarke. Published for the good of all Gods Church generally, and especially of those that were then his hearers. London : Printed by I[ohn] H[aviland] for Nicolas Bourne, and are to be sold at his shop, at the south entrance of the Royall Exchange. [28], 478, [16] p.
15. Verhasselt, E. (1946) A biography of Nathan Field, dramatist and actor. Revue belge dephilologie et d'histoire, t. 25, fasc. 3-4, pp. 485-508.
16. Williams, M. E. (1992) “A play is not so ydle a thing”: The dramatic output and the theatre-craft of Nathan Field : A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Shakespeare Institute, University of Birmingham, May. [12], 454 p.
17. Williams, M. E. (2004) Field, Nathan (bap. 1587, d. 1619/20), actor and playwright. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography [online] Available at: https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odn b-9780198614128-e-9391 [archived in WaybackMachine] (accessed 22.11.2019). DOI: 10.1093/ref:odnb/9391