Материал: part03

7 DICOM Model of the Real World​

Figure 7-1a, Figure 7-1b and Figure 7-3 depict the DICOM view of the Real-World that identifies the relevant Real-World Objects and​ their relationships within the scope of the DICOM Standard. It provides a common framework to ensure consistency between the​ various Information Objects defined by the DICOM Standard.​

Figure 7-1a. DICOM Model of the Real World​

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Figure 7-1b. DICOM Model of the Real World - PRINT​

Film Session IOD

1 references

1-n

relates to

0-1

Presentation LUT IOD

Figure 7-2b. DICOM Information Model - PRINT​

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Study IOD

Figure 7-2c. DICOM Information Model - RADIOTHERAPY​

Generic Implant

Template IOD

Figure 7-2d. DICOM Information Model - IMPLANT TEMPLATES​

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Requested Procedure

to be

specifies results in is comprised of performed according to

Series

belongs to

Figure 7-3. Model of the Real World for the Purpose of Modality-IS Interface​

7.1 DICOM Information Model​

The DICOM Information Model is derived from the DICOM Model of the Real World. The DICOM Information Model presented by​ Figure7-2b,Figure7-2candFigure7-2didentifythevariousIODsspecifiedbythisStandardandtheirrelationships.Thereisnotalways​ a one-to-one correspondence between DICOM Information Object Definitions and Real-World Objects. For example a Composite​ IOD contains Attributes of multiple real-world objects such as Series, Equipment, Frame of Reference, Study and Patient.​

The entities in Figure 7-2b, Figure 7-2c and Figure 7-2d correspond to IODs defined in Annex A, Annex B and Annex C.​

7.2 Organization of Annexes A, B and C​

AnnexAdefinesCompositeIODs(e.g.,Images)acquiredonanumberofModalities(e.g.,CT,MR,NM,US,CR,SecondaryCapture).​ These Composite IODs reference Modules found in Annex C.​

AnnexBdefinesNormalizedIODs(e.g.,FilmSession,PrintJob)foranumberofServiceClassesspecifiedinPS3.4.TheseNormalized​ IODs reference Module definitions found in Annex C.​

7.3 Extension of the DICOM Model of the Real World​

For the purpose of the Basic Worklist Management Service Class and the Modality Performed Procedure Step SOP Classes an en-​ hancement of the original DICOM Model of the Real World is made, as depicted in Figure 7-3.​

Annex B “Integration of Modality Worklist and Modality Performed Procedure Step in The Original DICOM Standard (Informative)” in​ PS3.17 discusses the relationship of this extension to the original DICOM model of the real world.​

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Figure 7-3 is an abstract description of the real world objects invoked in the Modality-IS Interface. It is not to be seen as a database​ scheme for an implementation.​

7.3.1 Definition of the Extensions of the DICOM Real World Model​

7.3.1.1 Patient​

A Patient is a human or animal receiving, or registered to receive, healthcare services, or the subject of one or more Studies for some​ other purpose, such as research.​

Note​

In some circumstances, multiple humans or animals may be studied simultaneously, and for the purpose of the model are​ identified as a single Patient. E.g., a mother and one or more fetuses during antepartum obstetric ultrasound, multiple spe-​ cimens in a single tissue microarray, or a group of multiple research small animals imaged simultaneously.​

7.3.1.2 Service Episode and Visit​

A Service Episode is a collection of events, aggregated during an interval bounded by start and stop times. A Service Episode is the​ context in which the treatment or management of an arbitrary subset of a Patient's medical conditions occurs. The definition of the​ start time, stop time, and included events of a Service Episode is entirely arbitrary; it may include a single outpatient visit or a hospit-​ alization, or extend over significant period of time, e.g., the duration of a pregnancy, or an oncology treatment regimen, or a cardiac​ episode from infarction through rehabilitation. A Service Episode may involve one or more Healthcare Organizations (administrative​ entitiesthatauthorizeHealthcareProviderstoprovideserviceswithintheirlegaladministrativedomain,e.g.,hospitals,privatephysician's​ offices, multispecialty clinics, nursing homes).​

A subset of Service Episode, the Visit, is the collection of events that fall under the accountability of a particular Healthcare Organiz-​ ationinasinglefacility.AVisitmaybeassociatedwithoneormorephysicallocations(e.g.,differentrooms,departments,orbuildings)​ within the Healthcare Organization's definition of a facility, with admission and discharge diagnoses and with time boundaries of the​ visit.​

Note​

1.​The Visit is a part of the Service Episode. The Service Episode describes several administrative aspects of healthcare,​ while the Visit is limited to the description of one visit of a Patient to a facility.​

2.​In the context of the Modality Worklist SOP Class, the Attributes of the Service Episode are defined in the Visit Modules.​

3.​The Attributes for Visit often use the term "admission" for historical reasons, although a visit in an ambulatory clinic does​ not involve an admission as an in-patient.​

7.3.1.3 Imaging Service Request​

An Imaging Service Request is a set of one or more Requested Procedures selected from a list of Procedure Types. An Imaging​ Service Request is submitted by one authorized imaging service requester to one authorized imaging service provider in the context​ ofoneServiceEpisode.AnImagingServiceRequestincludespertinentspecificandgeneralinformation.EachinstanceofanImaging​ Service Request carries the information common to one or more Requested Procedures requested at the same moment. An Imaging​ Service Request may be associated with one or more Visits that occur within the same Service Episode. The existence of an Imaging​ Service Request will typically result in the creation of one or more Imaging Service Reports and the distribution of Imaging Service​ Reports to one or more destinations.​

In the context of the Modality Worklist the information provided by the Imaging Service Request aims at performing one or more​ imaging procedures, i.e., at acquiring new images.​

7.3.1.4 Procedure Type​

A Procedure Type identifies a class of procedures. In the context of imaging services, a Procedure Type is an item in a catalog of​ imaging procedures that can be requested and reported upon in an imaging service facility. An instance of a Procedure Type typically​ has a name and one or more other identifiers. A Procedure Type is associated with one or more Procedure Plans.​

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