Выводы
1. Выявлена клиническая неоднородность пациентов стационарного наркологического отделения для несовершеннолетних с наркологическими проблемами. Она обусловлена наличием коморбидных психических расстройств, которые встречались в 47% случаев.
2. В структуре коморбидной психической патологии превалировали органические психические расстройства (63%), а также умственная отсталость (19%) и расстройства эмоций и поведения с началом в детском и подростковом возрасте (19%).
3. Среди наркологических заболеваний у пациентов с психической коморбидностью преобладал синдром зависимости от токсических веществ (83%), в том числе от алкоголя - 29%.
4. Установлено, что возраст-зависимыми аспектами двойного диагноза в наркологии являлись более раннее приобщение к употреблению никотина, алкоголя и сочетанному потреблению алкоголя и летучих растворителей (до 12 лет) с формированием аддиктивных состояний и, как следствие, более ранний (до достижения 15 лет) дебют синдрома зависимости.
5. К факторам риска возникновения коморбидной психической патологии можно отнести алкоголизацию матери, неполные деформированные семьи, воспитание вне родительской семьи, уходы из дома и бродяжничество.
6. У подростков с коморбидной психической патологией обнаруживаются более низкие показатели интеллектуального развития и возбудимые черты личности.
Литература
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