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Глава 21.

Система Cromer

Антигены Cromer (Кромер) расположены на гликопротеине CD55, регуляторном белке, известном как фактор деградации комплемента – DAF (decay accelerated factor). Фактор DAF присутствует также на лимфоцитах, гранулоцитах

итромбоцитах (Lublin, Atkinson [51], Spring и соавт. [91]). С мембраной эри-

троцитов он связан гликозилфосфатидилинозитолом (GFI), выполняющим роль якоря (Low, Saltiel [49], Telen [97], Rosse, Ware [85]).

Врастворимой форме DAF содержится в секретах и других жидкостях организма, включая плазму крови и мочу (Medof и соавт. [61], Laird-Fryer и соавт. [43], Levene и соавт. [46], Sistonen и соавт. [89]).

Рядом исследователей установлена связь антигенов Cromer с DAF: антитела анти-Cromer (анти-Cr a, -Tc a, -Dr a, -IFC, -WES a, -WES b и -UMC) взаимодействуют

сэтим фактором (Telen и соавт. [99], Parsons и соавт. [72], Daniels и соавт. [14, 21]).

Локализацию антигенов Cromer на гликопротеине DAF подтвердили Petty и соавт. [73,74]вэкспериментахсоспецифическойиммобилизациейантител,атакжеTelen

исоавт. [100, 101], Daniels и соавт. [19], которые показали, что фрагменты рекомби- нантногоDAFингибируютагглютинациюэритроцитованти-Cromer-антителами.

Эритроциты больных пароксизмальной ночной гемоглобинурией (ПНГ) лишены GFI-ассоциированных протеинов, в том числе DAF, и не содержат антиге-

нов Cromer (Nicholson-Weller и соавт. [67]).

Антигены и антитела Cromer

В систему Cromer включено 15 антигенов: 3 – редко встречающихся, 12 – часто встречающихся (табл. 21.1). Нулевой фенотип, получвший обозначение Inab, сочетается с наследственным дефицитом фактора деградации комплемента (Storry, Reid [93]). На эритроцитах Dr a − антигены Cromer выражены слабо.

Антигенный полиморфизм системы обусловлен мутациями в различных точ-

ках гена DAF (Telen и соавт. [101], Lublin и соавт. [52, 54, 55], Udani и соавт. [104], Wang и соавт. [106], Daniels и соавт. [18]). Каждому антигену соответствует аминокислотная замена в той или иной позиции гликопротеина (см. табл. 21.1).

Антигены Cromer разрушаются α-химотрипсином, но устойчивы к действию трипсина, папаина и сиалидазы, по этим признакам их дифференцируют с антигенами других групповых систем (Daniels [15]). Обработка эритроцитов сульфидредуцентами – 2-аминоэтилизотиоурониумбромидом (АЕТ) и дитиотрейтолом (ДТТ) – инактивирует антигены системы Cromer лишь частично. Данный

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