Материал: MasterPass _ Pharmacology in 7 Days for Medical Students

PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

iiWith ISA

•Carteolol

•Penbutolol

iiiWith MSA

•Propranolol

ivWith ISA and MSA

•Alprenolol

•Pindolol

•Oxprenolol

CAccording to solubility

1Lipid-soluble

•Metoprolol

•Propranolol

•Timolol

2Water-soluble

•Atenolol

•Nadolol

Cathartics/drastics/laxatives/purgatives

AAccording to mechanism of action (MOA)

1Stimulant/irritant purgatives a Small gut

•Castor oil

•Resins

bLarge gut

•Bisacodyl

•Anthracene

2 Bulk-forming purgatives

aColloidal

•Agar-agar

•Bran

•Calcium polycarbophil

•Frangula

•Isphagol husk

•Methyl-cellulose

•Malt soup extract

•Psyllium husk

•Sterculia

bOsmotic

•Glycerin

•Lactose

•Mannitol

•Sorbitol

•Saline purgatives (e.g. Mg-citrate, MgCO3, MgO, Mg(OH)2, MgSO4,

Na2SO4, Na+/K+ tartarate, Na+ phosphate)

3Fecal softeners

•Docusate Na+

•Lubricants (arachis oil, liquid paraffin)

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CLASSIFICATIONS

4Miscellaneous

•Calomel

•Colocynth

•Croton oil

•Opioid receptor antagonist

•Parasympathomimetics

•Sulphur

•5-HT4 receptor agonist

BAccording to site of action

1Small intestine

•Castor oil

•Irritant resins

2Large intestine

•Anthracene derivatives

•Bisacodyl

•Phenolphthalein

3Small and large intestines

•Lubricants

•Saline purgatives

Parasympathomimetics/cholinomimetics/cholinergic drugs

ADirectly acting cholinergic drugs

1Choline esters

•Acetylcholine

•Methacholine

•Bethanechol

•Carbachol

2Cholinomimetic alkaloids

a Mainly muscarinic agonists

iNatural alkaloids

•Arecholine

•Muscarine

•Pilocarpine

iiSynthetic alkaloids

•Oxotremorine

bMainly nicotinic agonists

iNatural alkaloids

•Lobeline

•Nicotine

iiSynthetic alkaloids

•Dimethylphenyl-piperazinium (DMPP)

BIndirectly acting cholinergic drugs

1Reversible a Alcohols

•Endrophonium

bCarbamates

iTertiary amines

•Physostigmine

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

iiQuartenary ammonium compounds

•Ambenonium

•Demecarium

•Distigmine

•Neostigmine

•Pyridostigmine

cMiscellaneous

•Donepezil

•Galantamine

•Rivastigmine

•Tacrine

2 Irreversible

aTherapeutically useful

•Echothiophate

bWar gases

•Soman

•Sarin

•Tuban

cInsecticides

•Malathion

•Parathion

•Diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP)

•Octamethyl-pyrophosphotetra-amide (OMPA)

•Tetraethyl-pyrophosphate (TEPP)

Diuretics

AAccording to mechanism of action (MOA)

1Drugs increasing GFR/secondary diuretics

•Aminophylline

•Caffeine

•Theophylline

•Xanthine

2Drugs interfering with ionic transport

iDrugs interfering with ionic transport of bicarbonate (HCO3)

•Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

•Acetazolamide

•Dichlorphenamide

•Methazolamide

iiInhibitors of active transport of chloride

aLoop diuretics (high ceiling diuretics)

•Carboxylic acid derivatives

•Bumetanide

•Furosemide

•Piretanide

•Torsemide

•Phenoxy-acetic acid derivatives

•Ethacrynic acid

•Indacrinone

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CLASSIFICATIONS

bThiazide diuretics

•Bendrofluazide

•Chlorothiazide

•Hydrochlorothiazide

•Hydroflumethiazide

•Methyl clothiazide

•Thiazide-related compounds

•Chlorthalidone

•Indapamide

iii Potassium-sparing diuretics

•Aldosterone antagonists/receptor blockers

•Eplerenone

•Spironolactone

•Non-aldosterone antagonists

•Amiloride

•Triamterene

3Osmotic diuretics

•Glycerin

•Isosorbide

•Mannitol

•Urea

BAccording to site of action:

1Drugs acting on cortical collecting tubule (CCT)

•Potassium-sparing diuretics

•Aldosterone antagonists

•Non-aldosterone antagonists

•Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) antagonists

2Drugs acting on distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

•Thiazide diuretics

3Drugs acting on proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

•Acidifying salts

•Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

•Osmotic diuretics

•Xanthine diuretics

4Drugs acting on thick ascending limb (TAL) of Loop of Henle

•Loop diuretics

Drugs used in diabetes mellitus

AInsulin

1Intermediate-acting insulins

•NPH (neutral protamine hagedorn) humulin or novolin insulin; isophane insulin suspension USP

2Long-acting insulins

•Insulin detemir

•Insulin glargine

3Pre-mixed insulins

•Humulin 70/30 and 50/50

•Novolin 70/30

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

•70/30 NPA, aspart

•50/50 NPL, lispro

4 Rapid-acting insulins

•Insulin aspart

•Insulin dlulisine

•Insulin lispro

•Insulin recombinant inhaled

5 Short-acting insulins

•Regular exubera

•Regular humulin or novolin insulin

•Velosulin

BOral antidiabetic agents

1Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

•Acarbose

•Miglitol

2Biguanides

•Buformin

•Metformin

3Insulin secretagogues

a D-Phenylalanine derivatives

•Nateglinide b Meglitinides

•Repaglinide

cSulfonylureas

i1st Generation

•Acetohexamide

•Chlorpropamide

•Tolazamide

•Tolbutamide

ii2nd Generation

•Glibenclamide

•Glimepiride

•Glipizide

•Glyburide

4Thiazolidinediones

•Pioglitazone

•Rosiglitazone

Drugs used in hyperlipidemia

1Bile acid binding resins

•Colestipol

•Cholestyramine

2Competitive inhibitors of HMG-COA reductase

•Fluvastatin

•Lovastatin

•Pravastatin

•Simvastatin

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